The response to exercise with constant energy intake in identical twins.
Claude Bouchard,Angelo Tremblay,Jean-Pierre Després,Germain Thériault,André Nadeauf,Paul J. Lupien,Sital Moorjani,Denis Prud'homme,G Fournier +8 more
TLDR
Even though there were large individual differences in response to the negative energy balance and exercise protocol, subjects with the same genotype were more alike in responses than subjects with different genotypes particularly for body fat, body energy, and abdominal visceral fat changes.Abstract:
Seven pairs of young adult male identical twins completed a negative energy balance protocol during which they exercised on cycle ergometers twice a day, 9 out of 10 days, over a period of 93 days while being kept on a constant daily energy and nutrient intake. The total energy deficit caused by exercise above the estimated energy cost of body weight maintenance reached 244 ± 9.8 MJ (Mean ± SEM). Baseline energy intake was estimated over a period of 17 days preceding the negative energy balance protocol. Mean body weight loss was 5.0 kg (SEM = 0.6) (p <0.001) and it was entirely accounted for by the loss of fat mass (p <0.001). Fat-free mass was unchanged. Body energy losses reached 191 MJ (SEM = 24) (p <0.001) which represented about 78% of the estimated energy deficit. Subcutaneous fat loss was slightly more pronounced on the trunk than on the limbs as estimated from skinfolds, circumferences, and computed tomography (CT). The reduction in CT-assessed abdominal visceral fat was quite striking, from 81 cm2 (SEM = 5) to 52 cm2 (SEM = 6) (p <0.001). At the same submaximal power output level, subjects oxidized more lipids than carbohydrates after the program as indicated by the changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (p <0.05). Intrapair resemblance was observed for the changes in body weight (p <0.05), fat mass (P <0.01), percent fat (p <0.01), body energy content (p <0.01), sum of 10 skinfolds (p <0.01), abdominal visceral fat (p <0.01), fasting plasma triglycerides (p <0.05) and cholesterol (p <0.05), maximal oxygen uptake (p <0.05), and respiratory exchange ratio during submaximal work (p <0.01). We conclude that even though there were large individual differences in response to the negative energy balance and exercise protocol, subjects with the same genotype were more alike in responses than subjects with different genotypes particularly for body fat, body energy, and abdominal visceral fat changes. High lipid oxidizers and low lipid oxidizers during sub-maximal exercise were also seen despite the fact that all subjects had experienced the same exercise and nutritional conditions for about three months.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue : Their relation to the metabolic syndrome
TL;DR: Methods for assessment of several phenotypes of human obesity, with special reference to abdominal fat content, have been evaluated and the endocrine regulation of abdominal visceral fat in comparison with the adipose tissue localized in other areas is presented.
OtherDOI
Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases
TL;DR: Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases as discussed by the authors, and the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual differences in response to regular physical activity.
Claude Bouchard,Tuomo Rankinen +1 more
TL;DR: Age, sex, and ethnic origin are not major determinants of human responses to regular physical activity, whereas the pretraining level of a phenotype has a considerable impact in some cases and familial factors also contribute significantly to variability in training response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Appropriate Intervention Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for Adults
John M. Jakicic,Kristine L. Clark,Ellen Coleman,Joseph E. Donnelly,John P. Foreyt,Edward L. Melanson,Jeff S. Volek,Stella L. Volpe +7 more
TL;DR: The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that the strategies outlined in this position paper be incorporated into interventions targeting weight loss and the prevention of weight regain for adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mobilization of Visceral Adipose Tissue Related to the Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Physical Training in NIDDM: Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements
A. Mourier,Jean-François Gautier,De Kerviler E,Bigard Ax,Villette Jm,J.P. Garnier,Alain Duvallet,Guezennec Cy,Gerard Cathelineau +8 more
TL;DR: Physical training resulted in an improvement in insulin sensitivity with concomitant loss of VAT and should be included in the treatment program for patients with NIDDM.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of Polyethylene Glycol to Separate Free and Antibody-Bound Peptide Hormones in Radioimmunoassays†
TL;DR: A method of separation has been developed and applied to radioimmunoassays of insulin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone and arginine vasopressin, which provides several advantages over the double-antibody precipitation method.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Response to Long-Term Overfeeding in Identical Twins
Claude Bouchard,Angelo Tremblay,Jean-Pierre Després,André Nadeau,Paul J. Lupien,Germain Thériault,Jean H. Dussault,Sital Moorjani,Sylvie Pinault,G Fournier +9 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the most likely explanation for the intrapair similarity in the adaptation to long-term overfeeding and for the variations in weight gain and fat distribution among the pairs of twins is that genetic factors are involved.
Related Papers (5)
Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity.
A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity
Timothy M. Frayling,Nicholas J. Timpson,Michael N. Weedon,Eleftheria Zeggini,Eleftheria Zeggini,Eleftheria Zeggini,Rachel M. Freathy,Cecilia M. Lindgren,John R. B. Perry,Katherine S. Elliott,Katherine S. Elliott,Hana Lango,Nigel W. Rayner,Nigel W. Rayner,Nigel W. Rayner,Beverley M. Shields,Lorna W. Harries,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Sian Ellard,Christopher J. Groves,Christopher J. Groves,Bridget A. Knight,Ann-Marie Patch,Andy R Ness,Shah Ebrahim,Debbie A Lawlor,Susan M. Ring,Yoav Ben-Shlomo,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin,Ulla Sovio,Ulla Sovio,Amanda J. Bennett,Amanda J. Bennett,David Melzer,Luigi Ferrucci,Ruth J. F. Loos,Inês Barroso,Nicholas J. Wareham,Fredrik Karpe,Fredrik Karpe,Katharine R. Owen,Katharine R. Owen,Lon R. Cardon,Mark Walker,Graham A. Hitman,Graham A. Hitman,Colin N. A. Palmer,Colin N. A. Palmer,Alex S. F. Doney,Alex S. F. Doney,Andrew D. Morris,George Davey Smith,Andrew T. Hattersley,Mark I. McCarthy +55 more