The role of large-scale dynamics in an exceptional sequence of severe thunderstorms in Europe May–June 2018
Susanna Mohr,Jannik Wilhelm,Jan Wandel,Michael Kunz,Raphael Portmann,Heinz Jürgen Punge,Manuel Schmidberger,Julian F. Quinting,Christian M. Grams +8 more
- Vol. 1, Iss: 2, pp 325-348
TLDR
In this article, the authors found that more than 50% of lightning strikes can be linked to a nearby cut-off low or positive potential vorticity (PV) filament.Abstract:
. Over three weeks in May and June 2018, an exceptionally large number of thunderstorms hit vast parts of western and central Europe, causing precipitation of up to 80 mm and several flash floods. During this time, the large-scale atmospheric circulation, which was characterized by a blocking situation over northern Europe, influenced atmospheric conditions relevant for thunderstorm development. Initially, the southwesterly flow on the western flank of the blocking anticyclone induced the advection of warm, moist, and unstably stratified air masses. Due to a low-pressure gradient associated with the blocking anticyclone, these air masses were trapped in western and central Europe, remained almost stationary and prevented a significant air mass exchange. In addition, the low-pressure gradient led to weak flow conditions in the mid-troposphere and thus to low vertical wind shear that prevented thunderstorms from developing into severe organized systems. Most of the storms formed as local-scale, relatively slow-moving single cells. However, due to the related weak propagation speed, several thunderstorms were able to produce torrential heavy rain that affected local-scale areas and triggered several flash floods. Atmospheric blocking also increased the upper-level cut-off low frequency on its upstream regions, which was up to 10 times higher than the climatological mean. Together with filaments of positive potential vorticity (PV), the cut-offs served as trigger mechanisms for a majority of the thunderstorms. For the 22-day study period, we found that more than 50 % of lightning strikes can be linked to a nearby cut-off low or PV filament. The exceptional persistence of low stability combined with weak wind speed in the mid-troposphere over three weeks has not been observed during the past 30 years.read more
Citations
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Identification and Climatology of Cut-off Lows near the Tropopause
TL;DR: Three long‐term climatologies of cut‐off’s low pressure systems are presented and it is shown that the detection of these areas of main COL occurrence, as obtained using the potential vorticity approach, depends on the level of isentropic analysis used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric blocking and weather extremes over the Euro-Atlantic sector – a review
Olivia Martius,Stephan Pfahl,Alexandre M. Ramos,Joaquim G. Pinto,Pedro Sousa,Kåre B. Jørgensen,Lihua Liu +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors highlight several types of weather extremes occurring in Europe in connection with a particular atmospheric flow pattern, known as atmospheric blocking, and assess the predictability of extreme events associated with blocking and links to climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes
Mateusz Taszarek,John T. Allen,Pieter Groenemeijer,Roger Edwards,Harold E. Brooks,Vanna C. Chmielewski,Sven-Erik Enno +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors aggregate the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Arrival Time Difference long-range lightning detection network (ATDnet) with severe weather reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Storm Data on a common grid of 0.25° and 1-h steps.
Journal ArticleDOI
The three-dimensional life cycles of potential vorticity cutoffs: a global and selected regional climatologies in ERA-Interim (1979–2018)
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is introduced that uses isentropic air parcel trajectories to track potential vorticity (PV) cutoff life cycles and identify and track PV cutoffs as three-dimensional objects.
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