The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a novel hepatitis E virus isolated from a patient with acute hepatitis reported in the United States
George G. Schlauder,George J. Dawson,James C. Erker,Paul Y. Kwo,Mark F. Knigge,David L. Smalley,Jon E. Rosenblatt,Suresh M. Desai,Isa K. Mushahwar +8 more
TLDR
Phylogenetic analyses indicate that HEV US-1 and a recently discovered HEV variant from swine may represent separate isolates of a new strain of HEV, significantly divergent from the Mexican and Burmese strains.Abstract:
A variant of hepatitis E virus (HEV), designated HEV US-1, was identified in a hepatitis patient in the United States (US); the patient had no history of travel to areas where HEV is endemic. Nucleotide sequences were obtained from the 5' end of open reading frame (ORF) 1 (1418 nt), the 3' end of ORF1 (1359 nt), the entire ORF2 and ORF3 regions, and the 3'-untranslated region (2127 nt). The HEV US-1 strain is significantly divergent from other human HEV isolates with nucleotide identities ranging from 76.8 to 77.5%. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that HEV US-1 and a recently discovered HEV variant from swine may represent separate isolates of a new strain of HEV, significantly divergent from the Mexican and Burmese strains. Synthetic peptides derived from the carboxyl amino acids of ORF2 and ORF3 were shown to be useful for detecting exposure to HEV. In addition, IgM class antibodies directed against HEV US-1 synthetic peptides were detected in the US patient infected with HEV US-1, but were absent using synthetic peptides from the Burmese or Mexican strains of HEV. A preferential reactivity to HEV US-1 specific peptides has lead to the identification of a second isolate of this virus also from a patient with acute hepatitis from the US. The discovery of these HEV variants may be important in understanding the worldwide distribution of HEV infection.read more
Citations
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Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings
TL;DR: Findings provide direct evidence for HEV infection to be a zoonosis among people who had eaten uncooked deer meat 6-7 weeks before and patients' family members who ate none or very little of the deer meat remained uninfected.
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Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis.
TL;DR: In most areas where HEV genotypes 3 and 4 were characterised, sequences from both humans and animals were highly conserved, indicating they originated from the same infectious sources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries
TL;DR: Patients with unexplained hepatitis should be tested for hepatitis E, whatever their age or travel history, and the source and route of infection remain uncertain, but it might be a porcine zoonosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and Experimental Evidence for Cross-Species Infection by Swine Hepatitis E Virus
Xiang-Jin Meng,Patrick G. Halbur,Max Shapiro,Sugantha Govindarajan,J. Bruna,Isa K. Mushahwar,Robert H. Purcell,Suzanne U. Emerson +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggested that swine HEV may infect humans, and in a reciprocal experiment, specific-pathogen-free pigs were experimentally infected with the US-2 strain of human HEV that is genetically similar to swineHEV.
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Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food
Yasuyuki Yazaki,Hitoshi Mizuo,Masaharu Takahashi,Tsutomu Nishizawa,Nobuhiko Sasaki,Yuhko Gotanda,Hiroaki Okamoto +6 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that inadequately cooked pig liver may transmit HEV to humans.
References
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TL;DR: Findings on the genetic organization and expression strategy of HEV suggest that it is the prototype human pathogen for a new class of RNA virus or perhaps a separate genus within the Caliciviridae family.
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Gregory R. Reyes,Michael A. Purdy,Jungsuh P. Kim,Ka-Cheung Luk,Young Lavonne Marie,Kirk E. Fry,Daniel W. Bradley +6 more
TL;DR: Et1.1 represents a portion of the genome of the principal viral agent, to be named hepatitis E virus, which is responsible for epidemic outbreaks of ET-NANBH, and specifically identified similar sequences in complementary DNA prepared from infected human fecal samples collected from five geographically distinct ET- NANH outbreaks.
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