Journal ArticleDOI
The somnogenic T lymphocyte suppressor prostaglandin D2 is selectively elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of advanced sleeping sickness patients.
TLDR
Levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins D2 and E2 (PGE2) and PGD2 levels in CSF were measured to elucidate the changes induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the central nervous system in advanced sleeping sickness patients.Abstract:
To help to elucidate the changes induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the central nervous system (CNS) in advanced sleeping sickness patients, levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins D2 (PGD2) and E2 (PGE2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 24 patients diagnosed on the criteria of CSF protein, leucocyte count and parasite presence as having CNS (i.e. late stage) involvement, and from 12 patients without CNS involvement. PGD2 concentrations were selectively and markedly elevated in the late stage patients. The increased PGD2 may in part account for the increased somnolence and the immunosuppression within the CNS. Measurement of PGD2 levels in CSF may be a useful criterion for CNS involvement.read more
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Enzymes of the Cyclooxygenase Pathways of Prostanoid Biosynthesis
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Orchestrated leukocyte recruitment to immune-privileged sites: absolute barriers versus educational gates.
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References
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Cellular immune reactivity within the CNS
TL;DR: Using autoaggressive rat T lymphocyte lines specific for defined protein components of peripheral or central myelin to study lymphocyte migration and antigen recognition within the nervous system suggests that the nervoussystem is constantly patrolled by low numbers of activated T cells.
Journal Article
Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells.
TL;DR: Astrocytes may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation, which may be important in the generation of specific immune responses in the brain, which is considered to be an immunologically privileged organ.
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Correlation of interleukin-1β and cachectin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome from bacterial meningitis
Mahmoud M. Mustafa,Marc H. Lebel,Octavio Ramilo,Kurt Olsen,Joan S. Reisch,Bruce Beutler,George H. McCracken +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest a possible role of IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor as mediators of meningeal inflammation in patients with bacterial meningitis, and might explain, in part, the beneficial effect of dexamethasone as adjunctive treatment in this disease.
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Occurrence of interleukin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of the conscious cat.
TL;DR: It is concluded that blood-borne IL-1 is likely to act at a discrete site outside the blood-brain barrier, possibly the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, and may instead act diffusely in promoting fever and fever-related events.
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Astrocytes as eicosanoid‐producing cells
TL;DR: Defined cultures of astrocytes have revealed these cells to be a major source of eicosanoids, and agents such as calcium ionophores and phorbol esters are potent stimuli for promoting release.