Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors.
Hugo Aguilar-Díaz,Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda,Karina Salazar-Morales,Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar,Estefan Miranda-Miranda +4 more
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TLDR
In this article, the actors of these responses are the object of a study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design, and they present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed.Abstract:
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations. With these drawbacks, new tick control methods need to be developed, and the immune system of ticks contains a plethora of potential candidates for vaccine design. Additionally, tick immunity is based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the actors of these responses are the object of our study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design. We present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed, and then elucidate a new method to control tick infestations through the development of vaccines. We also propose Extracellular Traps Formation (ETosis) in ticks as a process to eliminate their natural enemies and those pathogens they transmit (vectorial capacity), which results attractive since they are a source of acting molecules with potential use as vaccines.read more
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References
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Thioester-containing proteins of the tick Ixodes ricinus: gene expression, response to microbial challenge and their role in phagocytosis of the yeast Candida albicans.
TL;DR: A quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis of tick TEPs suggested the existence of a distinct complement-like pathway, different from that leading to phagocytosis of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Immune-related redox metabolism of embryonic cells of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus (BME26) in response to infection with Anaplasma marginale.
Sandra P. Kalil,Rafael Diego Rosa,Rafael Diego Rosa,Janaína Capelli-Peixoto,Paula Cristiane Pohl,Pedro Lagerblad de Oliveira,Andréa Cristina Fogaça,Sirlei Daffre +7 more
TL;DR: A general response of tick cells upon microbial stimuli is to increase ROS/RNS production, suggesting that this pathogen might manipulate the tick redox metabolism to evade the deleterious effect of the oxidant-based innate immune response.
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The transcription factor Relish controls Anaplasma marginale infection in the bovine tick Rhipicephalus microplus
Janaína Capelli-Peixoto,Danielle D. Carvalho,Wendell C. Johnson,Glen A. Scoles,Andréa Cristina Fogaça,Sirlei Daffre,Massaro W. Ueti +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that transcription factor Relish from the IMD signaling pathway has an important role in the control of A. marginale infection in ticks and the gene expression of AMP microplusin is regulated by Relish.
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The case for oxidative stress molecule involvement in the tick-pathogen interactions -an omics approach
TL;DR: Transcriptomic and proteomic data for some oxidative stress molecules differentially expressed during pathogen infection and metabolomics and microbiome data as well as functional genomics are discussed in order to provide insight into the tick-pathogen interaction.
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Comparative Hemolymph Proteomic and Enzymatic Analyses of Two Strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks Resistant and Susceptible to Ixodicides
Hugo Aguilar-Díaz,M. Esquivel-Velázquez,Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda,Estefhan Miranda-Miranda,R. J. P. Conde-Baeye,Mayra Cobaxin-Cárdenas,Pedro Ostoa-Saloma,Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar +7 more
TL;DR: The tick hemolymph proteome is presented, revealing a set of proteins which suggest a possible role in tick detoxification, and significant differences were found in protein content between strains using HPLC and 2D electrophoresis.