Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors.
Hugo Aguilar-Díaz,Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda,Karina Salazar-Morales,Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar,Estefan Miranda-Miranda +4 more
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TLDR
In this article, the actors of these responses are the object of a study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design, and they present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed.Abstract:
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations. With these drawbacks, new tick control methods need to be developed, and the immune system of ticks contains a plethora of potential candidates for vaccine design. Additionally, tick immunity is based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the actors of these responses are the object of our study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design. We present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed, and then elucidate a new method to control tick infestations through the development of vaccines. We also propose Extracellular Traps Formation (ETosis) in ticks as a process to eliminate their natural enemies and those pathogens they transmit (vectorial capacity), which results attractive since they are a source of acting molecules with potential use as vaccines.read more
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Advances in the Immunobiology of Parasitic Diseases
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Differential Expression of Immune Genes in the Rhipicephalus microplus Gut in Response to Theileria equi Infection
Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino,Maristela Peckle,Leo Paulis Mendonça,Carlos Luiz Massard,Sandra Antunes,Joana Couto,Ana Domingos,Daniel da Silva Guedes Junior,Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz,Huarrisson Azevedo Santos +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , the expression of genes involved in immune signaling pathways of R. microplus adults' guts when challenged with a high or low parasitic load of T. equi was evaluated.
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Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases: New Problems Providing New Possible Solutions
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References
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Extracellular traps (ETosis) can be activated through NADPH-dependent and -independent mechanisms in bivalve mollusks.
TL;DR: A robust and reproducible model for the induction, analysis and quantification ofETs production using hemocytes from the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis is described and it was demonstrated that the formation of ETs in hemocytes can be triggered through NOX-dependent and NOX -independent pathways, depending on the stimuli used.
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Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Defensins From the Australian Paralysis Tick, Ixodes Holocyclus
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz,Miray Tonk,Mark R. Bleackley,James J. Valdés,Roberto A. Barrero,Angélica Hernández-Jarguín,Sara Moutailler,Andreas Vilcinskas,Florence Richard-Forget,Marilyn A. Anderson,M. Rodriguez-Valle +10 more
TL;DR: The presence of a multigene defensin family in the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus is revealed with wide antimicrobial activity.
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Tick-Tattoo: DNA Vaccination Against B. burgdorferi or Ixodes scapularis Tick Proteins.
Michelle J. Klouwens,Jos J. A. Trentelman,Alex Wagemakers,Jasmin I. Ersoz,Adriaan D. Bins,Joppe W. Hovius +5 more
TL;DR: DNA tattoo vaccination is a straightforward and effective vaccination platform to assess novel B. burgdorferi sl antigen candidates in a relevant tick challenge model and does not seem a suitable vaccine strategy to identify, or screen for, tick antigens for anti-tick vaccines.
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Neuropathogenic properties of Argas (Persicargas) walkerae larval homogenates.
TL;DR: The mechanism of paralysis by the tick Argas (Persicargas) walkerae is investigated by determining the effect of larval homogenates on both potassium-stimulated (calcium-dependent) and veratridine- Stimulated (external calcium-independent) release of [3H]glycine from crude rat brain synaptosomes, and results indicated that larvalhomogenates inhibited both processes.
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Rhipicephalus microplus cystatin as a potential cross-protective tick vaccine against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
Luís Fernando Parizi,Carolina Konrdörfer Rangel,Gabriela Alves Sabadin,Bianca Fagundes Saggin,Irene Kiio,Marina Amaral Xavier,Renata da Silva Matos,Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias,Adriana Seixas,Satoru Konnai,Kazuhiko Ohashi,Naftaly Githaka,Itabajara da Silva Vaz +12 more
TL;DR: Structural modeling showed that this new protein possesses characteristic type 2 cystatin motifs, besides conservation of other structural patterns along the protein, which indicates that strategies to increase the protection rate are necessary, including the selection of two or more antigens to compose a vaccine cocktail.