Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors.
Hugo Aguilar-Díaz,Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda,Karina Salazar-Morales,Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar,Estefan Miranda-Miranda +4 more
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TLDR
In this article, the actors of these responses are the object of a study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design, and they present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed.Abstract:
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations. With these drawbacks, new tick control methods need to be developed, and the immune system of ticks contains a plethora of potential candidates for vaccine design. Additionally, tick immunity is based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the actors of these responses are the object of our study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design. We present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed, and then elucidate a new method to control tick infestations through the development of vaccines. We also propose Extracellular Traps Formation (ETosis) in ticks as a process to eliminate their natural enemies and those pathogens they transmit (vectorial capacity), which results attractive since they are a source of acting molecules with potential use as vaccines.read more
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Advances in the Immunobiology of Parasitic Diseases
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Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino,Maristela Peckle,Leo Paulis Mendonça,Carlos Luiz Massard,Sandra Antunes,Joana Couto,Ana Domingos,Daniel da Silva Guedes Junior,Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz,Huarrisson Azevedo Santos +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , the expression of genes involved in immune signaling pathways of R. microplus adults' guts when challenged with a high or low parasitic load of T. equi was evaluated.
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Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases: New Problems Providing New Possible Solutions
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References
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Extracellular trap formation in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) hemocytes is coupled with c-type lysozyme
TL;DR: Fluorescence imaging revealed that c-type lysozyme proteins were released around the ET complex after E. coli stimulation, suggesting the presence of a coupled antimicrobial immune response involving ET formation and AMP release.
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Tick Immune System: What Is Known, the Interconnections, the Gaps, and the Challenges.
Andréa Cristina Fogaça,Géssica Sousa,Daniel Brisotto Pavanelo,Eliane Esteves,Larissa Almeida Martins,Veronika Urbanová,Petr Kopáček,Sirlei Daffre +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the prevailing knowledge on the tick immune system and discuss the challenges of studying tick immunity, especially regarding the gaps and interconnections, focusing on various components of humoral and cellular immunity, such as signaling pathways, antimicrobial peptides, redox metabolism, complement-like molecules and regulated cell death.
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Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life.
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A Chitin Deacetylase-Like Protein Is a Predominant Constituent of Tick Peritrophic Membrane That Influences the Persistence of Lyme Disease Pathogens within the Vector
TL;DR: A preferential role of tick PM in limiting persistence of B. burgdorferi within the vector is suggested, and further understanding of the mechanisms by which vector components contribute to pathogen survival may help the development of new strategies to interfere with the infection.
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Earthworm coelomocyte extracellular traps: structural and functional similarities with neutrophil NETs.
TL;DR: It was confirmed that coelomocytes—immunocompetent cells of the earthworm Eisenia andrei—are also able to release ETs in a protease-dependent manner, dependent or independent of the formation of reactive oxygen species and rearrangement of the cell cytoskeleton.