Journal ArticleDOI
Traction fields, moments, and strain energy that cells exert on their surroundings
TLDR
This paper presents an exact solution to the problem of computing the traction field from the observed displacement field, and gives explicit formulas for reducing the traction and displacement fields to contraction moments, the orientation of the principal axes of traction, and the strain energy imparted by the cell to the substrate.Abstract:
Adherent cells exert tractions on their surroundings. These tractions can be measured by observing the displacements of beads embedded on a flexible gel substrate on which the cells are cultured. This paper presents an exact solution to the problem of computing the traction field from the observed displacement field. The solution rests on recasting the relationship between displacements and tractions into Fourier space, where the recovery of the traction field is especially simple. We present two subcases of the solution, depending on whether or not tractions outside the observed cell boundaries are set to be zero. The implementation is computationally efficient. We also give the solution for the traction field in a representative human airway smooth muscle cell contracted by treatment with histamine. Finally, we give explicit formulas for reducing the traction and displacement fields to contraction moments, the orientation of the principal axes of traction, and the strain energy imparted by the cell to the substrate.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Gold nanoparticles in biology: beyond toxicity to cellular imaging
Catherine J. Murphy,Anand Gole,John W. Stone,Patrick N. Sisco,Alaaldin M. Alkilany,Edie C. Goldsmith,Sarah C. Baxter +6 more
TL;DR: The importance of surface chemistry and cell type for interpretation of nanoparticle cytotoxicity studies is illustrated and a relatively unusual live cell application with gold nanorods is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology.
TL;DR: The evidence for cellular tensegrity at the molecular level is covered and how this building system may provide a structural basis for the hierarchical organization of living systems — from molecule to organism is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical forces during collective cell migration
Xavier Trepat,Xavier Trepat,Michael R. Wasserman,Thomas E. Angelini,Emil Millet,David A. Weitz,James P. Butler,Jeffrey J. Fredberg +7 more
TL;DR: These unexpected findings demonstrate that although the leader cell may have a pivotal role in local cell guidance, physical forces that it generates are but a small part of a global tug-of-war involving cells well back from the leading edge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanics, malignancy, and metastasis: the force journey of a tumor cell.
Sanjay Kumar,Valerie M. Weaver +1 more
TL;DR: Critical steps in this “force journey,” including mechanical contributions to tissue dysplasia, invasion of the ECM, and metastasis are reviewed, and the biophysical basis of this force journey is discussed and recent advances in the measurement of cellular mechanical properties in vitro and in vivo are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Force Triggers YAP Nuclear Entry by Regulating Transport across Nuclear Pores
Alberto Elosegui-Artola,Ion Andreu,Ion Andreu,Amy E. M. Beedle,Amy E. M. Beedle,Ainhoa Lezamiz,Ainhoa Lezamiz,Marina Uroz,Anita Joanna Kosmalska,Roger Oria,Jenny Z. Kechagia,Palma Rico-Lastres,Palma Rico-Lastres,Anabel-Lise Le Roux,Catherine M. Shanahan,Xavier Trepat,Daniel Navajas,Sergi Garcia-Manyes,Sergi Garcia-Manyes,Pere Roca-Cusachs +19 more
TL;DR: This work shows that force applied to the nucleus directly drives YAP nuclear translocation by decreasing the mechanical restriction of nuclear pores to molecular transport, demonstrated for YAP but with potential general applicability in transcriptional regulation.
References
More filters
Book
Theory of elasticity
TL;DR: The theory of the slipline field is used in this article to solve the problem of stable and non-stressed problems in plane strains in a plane-strain scenario.
Book
Theory of elasticity
TL;DR: The equilibrium of rods and plates Elastic waves Dislocations Thermal conduction and viscosity in solids Mechanics of liquid crystals Index as discussed by the authors The equilibrium of rod and plate elastic waves Elastic waves
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Elasticity (3rd ed.)
Journal ArticleDOI
Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates
Nathalie Q. Balaban,Ulrich S. Schwarz,Daniel Riveline,Polina Goichberg,Gila Tzur,Ilana Sabanay,Diana Mahalu,Samuel A. Safran,Alexander D. Bershadsky,Lia Addadi,Benjamin Geiger +10 more
TL;DR: The results put clear constraints on the possible molecular mechanisms for the mechanosensory response of focal adhesions to applied force.
Related Papers (5)
Cell locomotion and focal adhesions are regulated by substrate flexibility
Robert J. Pelham,Yu-li Wang +1 more