Journal ArticleDOI
Trichoderma species--opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts.
TLDR
Root colonization by Trichoderma spp.Abstract:
Trichoderma spp. are free-living fungi that are common in soil and root ecosystems. Recent discoveries show that they are opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts, as well as being parasites of other fungi. At least some strains establish robust and long-lasting colonizations of root surfaces and penetrate into the epidermis and a few cells below this level. They produce or release a variety of compounds that induce localized or systemic resistance responses, and this explains their lack of pathogenicity to plants. These root-microorganism associations cause substantial changes to the plant proteome and metabolism. Plants are protected from numerous classes of plant pathogen by responses that are similar to systemic acquired resistance and rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance. Root colonization by Trichoderma spp. also frequently enhances root growth and development, crop productivity, resistance to abiotic stresses and the uptake and use of nutrients.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Unraveling the Dark Septate Endophyte Functions: Insights from the Arabidopsis Model
Keerthi Mandyam,Ari Jumpponen +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the ecology and functions of endophytic fungi through experiments utilizing the Arabidopsis model system and draws parallels with another deeply dissected Piriformospora indica root endophyte symbiosis, which has been demonstrated to promote growth of model and non-model plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential Regulation and Posttranslational Processing of the Class II Hydrophobin Genes from the Biocontrol Fungus Hypocrea atroviridis
Marianna Mikus,Lóránt Hatvani,Lóránt Hatvani,Torsten Neuhof,Monika Komoń-Zelazowska,Ralf Dieckmann,Torsten Schwecke,Irina S. Druzhinina,Hans von Döhren,Christian P. Kubicek +9 more
TL;DR: Both divergent and redundant functions of the 10 hydrophobins of H. atroviridis are illustrated, which indicate cleavages at known signal peptide sites as well as additional N- and C-terminal processing in their oxidized and processed forms.
Journal Article
Trichoderma no Brasil: o fungo e o bioagente Trichoderma Brazil: the fungus and the bioagent
Daniele Franco Martins Machado,Francini Requia Parzianello,Antonio Carlos da Silva,Zaida Inês Antoniolli +3 more
TL;DR: This review contributes to clarifying the trichoderma action mechanisms in the promotion of vegetal growth, in absence and presence of soil pathogens and makes an updated analysis about the introduction of biological formulations in the Brazilian market.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trichoderma- a potential and effective bio fungicide and alternative source against notable phytopathogens: A review
TL;DR: There are several biocontrol mechanism employed by Trichoderma against plant pathogens, these include release of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall of phytopathogenic fungi, competition for nutrients, parasitism, and antibiotics.
Book ChapterDOI
Integrated Pest and Disease Management for Better Agronomic Crop Production
Samiya Mahmood Khan,Sajid Ali,Aamir Nawaz,Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari,Shaghef Ejaz,Shakeel Ahmad +5 more
Abstract: The disease and pest infestation is considered as one of the major constraints in better agronomic crop production for attaining anticipated yield to cater food security in the world. As agronomic crops (particularly cereals and pulses) are the leading sources of food in the world, management of their catastrophic pests and diseases needs special emphasis. At present, pests and diseases of agronomic crops are managed by various chemical control measures by using pesticides and fungicides. However, the disquiets regarding agronomic sustainability have instigated a wide and comprehensive utilization of integrated pest and disease management approaches. The said program is considered as an ecologically safer tactic for the control of various dreadful pests and diseases. Integration of approaches is aimed at reducing the health and ecological damages in response to chemicals by adopting certain cultural, mechanical, and biocontrol measures to manage various pests and diseases. However, efficacy of the control measure generally depends upon their effective utilization. Several cultural control measures such as cover crops, intercropping, trap crops, tillage practices, and planting time can reduce population of pests and disease severity but are not viable commercially under field conditions. Similarly, applicability of the biocontrol agents and plant extracts at large scale is also questionable. However, their efficacy may be increased by combination of other methods such as integrated use of the said cultural practices with reduced chemical applications. Therefore, in order to ensure better control and ecological sustainability, it is suggested that use of chemicals should be minimized by adopting integrated management strategies of pests and diseases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria
TL;DR: Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) is effective under field conditions and offers a natural mechanism for biological control of plant disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere
TL;DR: Multiple microbial interactions involving bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere are shown to provide enhanced biocontrol in many cases in comparison with biocOntrol agents used singly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms Employed by Trichoderma Species in the Biological Control of Plant Diseases: The History and Evolution of Current Concepts.
TL;DR: Past research indicates that the mechanisms are many and varied, even within the genus Trichoderma, and in order to make the most effective use of biocontrol agents for the control of plant diseases, it must understand how the agents work and what their limitations are.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis.
Choong-Min Ryu,Mohamed A. Farag,Chia-Hui Hu,Munagala S. Reddy,Han-Xun Wei,Paul W. Paré,Joseph W. Kloepper +6 more
TL;DR: The demonstration that PGPR strains release different volatile blends and that plant growth is stimulated by differences in these volatile blends establishes an additional function for volatile organic compounds as signaling molecules mediating plant–microbe interactions.