Update on acquired tetracycline resistance genes
TLDR
New conjugative transposons, carrying different ribosomal protection tet genes, have been identified and an increase in the number of antibiotic resistance genes linked to tet genes has been found and whether these new elements may help to spread the tet genes they carry to a wider bacterial host range is discussed.Abstract:
This mini-review summarizes the changes in the field of bacterial acquired tetracycline resistance (tet) and oxytetracycline (otr) genes identified since the last major review in 2001. Thirty-eight acquired tetracycline resistant (Tcr) genes are known of which nine are new and include five genes coding for energy-dependent efflux proteins, two genes coding for ribosomal protection proteins, and two genes coding for tetracycline inactivating enzymes. The number of inactivating enzymes has increased from one to three, suggesting that work needs to be done to determine the role these enzymes play in bacterial resistance to tetracycline. In the same time period, 66 new genera have been identified which carry one or more of the previously described 29 Tcr genes. Included in the new genera is, for the first time, an obligate intracellular pathogen suggesting that this sheltered group of bacteria is capable of DNA exchange with non-obligate intracellular bacteria. The number of genera carrying ribosomal protection genes increased dramatically with the tet(M) gene now identified in 42 genera as compared with 24 and the tet(W) gene found in 17 new genera as compared to two genera in the last major review. New conjugative transposons, carrying different ribosomal protection tet genes, have been identified and an increase in the number of antibiotic resistance genes linked to tet genes has been found. Whether these new elements may help to spread the tet genes they carry to a wider bacterial host range is discussed.read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance
Ian Chopra,Marilyn C. Roberts +1 more
TL;DR: Changing the use of tetracyclines in human and animal health as well as in food production is needed if this class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials through the present century is to continue to be used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene cassettes: a new class of mobile element
Gavin D. Recchia,Ruth M. Hall +1 more
TL;DR: The multi-component cassette-integron system is thus a natural cloning and expression system that is more akin to integrating phage and plasmids than to transposons.
Book
The enterococci : pathogenesis, molecular biology, and antibiotic resistance
TL;DR: The Genome of Enterococcus faecalis V583: a Tool for Discovery, W. Michael McShan and Nathan Shankar, and Preeti N. Malani are the authors of this book.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ribosomal Protection Proteins and Their Mechanism of Tetracycline Resistance
TL;DR: Recent advances in the study of the ribosome, tetracycline, and the RPPs that further the understanding of RPP activity are surveyed.
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