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Use of statins and risk of fractures.

TLDR
Use of statins at dosages prescribed in clinical practice was not associated with a reduction in risk of fracture, and use of statin dosage less than 20 mg/d (standardized to simvastatin) was associated with an adjusted OR of fracture.
Abstract
bral fractures, the ORs were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.80-1.27), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.31-1.13), and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.62-2.14), respectively. Relative to nonuse, a statin dosage of less than 20 mg/d (standardized to simvastatin) was associated with an adjusted OR of fracture of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.96-1.33); this OR was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.82-1.38) at dosages of 20 to 39.9 mg/d and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.47-1.53) at dosages of 40 mg/d or more. The adjusted OR was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.50-1.01) for statin use durations of 0 to 3 months, 1.31 (95% CI, 0.87-1.95) for durations of 3 to 6 months, 1.14 (95% CI, 0.82-1.58) for durations of 6 to 12 months, and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.99-1.40) for durations of more than 12 months. Conclusion In this study, use of statins at dosages prescribed in clinical practice was not associated with a reduction in risk of fracture. JAMA. 2001;285:1850-1855 www.jama.com

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The Role of Knee Alignment in Disease Progression and Functional Decline in Knee Osteoarthritis

TL;DR: This is the first demonstration that in primary knee OA varus alignment increases risk of medial OA progression, that valgus alignment increased risk of lateral OA progress, that burden of malalignment predicts decline in physical function, and that these effects can be detected after as little as 18 months of observation.
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Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture.

TL;DR: Long-term PPI therapy, particularly at high doses, is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
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Mevalonate pathway: a review of clinical and therapeutical implications.

TL;DR: A brief description of the biochemistry of the mevalonate pathway is presented, together with a review of the current knowledge of the clinical and therapeutical implications of this fascinating and complex metabolic pathway.
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Immortal time bias in observational studies of drug effects

TL;DR: The bias from 20 cohort studies is described and illustrated by showing that unrelated drugs can be made to appear effective at treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) by way of immortal time bias.
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Pharmacological Actions of Statins: A Critical Appraisal in the Management of Cancer

TL;DR: The pharmacology of the statins is reviewed, providing a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of their effects on tissues, biological processes, and pathological conditions, and the disappointing evidence on the possible future use of statin-based drugs in cancer therapy is dissected.
References
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Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare two straight line regression models and conclude that the Straight Line Regression Equation does not measure the strength of the Straight-line Relationship, but instead is a measure of the relationship between two straight lines.
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Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.

TL;DR: Women with multiple risk factors and low bone density have an especially high risk of hip fracture and maintaining body weight, walking for exercise, avoiding long-acting benzodiazepines, minimizing caffeine intake, and treating impaired visual function are among the steps that may decrease the risk.
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A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community.

TL;DR: The multiple-risk-factor intervention strategy resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of falling among elderly persons in the community and among persons who had the targeted risk factors for falling, as compared with the control group.
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Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins.

TL;DR: It is shown that the statins, drugs widely used for lowering serum cholesterol, also enhance new bone formation in vitro and in rodents, and may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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