Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports
Jolanta Sarowska,Bożena Futoma-Kołoch,Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik,Magdalena Frej-Madrzak,Marta Ksiazczyk,Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska,Irena Choroszy-Król +6 more
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TLDR
The aim of this study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food for the presence of bacterial genes encoding virulence factors such as toxins, and iron acquisition systems in the context of an increasing spread of ExPEC infections.Abstract:
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are facultative pathogens that are part of the normal human intestinal flora. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Virulence factors (VF) related to the pathogenicity of ExPEC are numerous and have a wide range of activities, from those related to bacteria colonization to those related to virulence, including adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition factors, lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, and invasins, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of ExPEC transmission and the selection of virulent clones are still poorly understood and require further research. The time shift between colonization of ExPEC and the development of infection remains problematic in the context of establishing the relation between consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of first disease symptoms. What appears to be most difficult is to prove that ExPEC strains cause disease symptoms and to examine the mechanism of transition from the asymptomatic colonization of the intestines to the spreading of the bacteria outside the digestive system. A significant problem for researchers who are trying to ascribe ExPEC transmission to food, people or the environment is to draw the distinction between colonization of ExPEC and infection. Food safety is an important challenge for public health both at the production stage and in the course of its processing and distribution. Examination of the genetic similarity of ExPEC strains will allow to determine their origin from different sources. Many levels of genotyping have been proposed in which the typing of strains, plasmids and genes is compared in order to obtain a more complete picture of this complex problem. The aim of our study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food for the presence of bacterial genes encoding virulence factors such as toxins, and iron acquisition systems (siderophores) in the context of an increasing spread of ExPEC infections.read more
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Antibiotic Resistance Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
TL;DR: Increasing rates of UPEC resistance to antimicrobials indicate that careful monitoring of their use for UTI treatment is necessary, and it is necessary to select Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin as first-line therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis.
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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated.
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Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Production.
Sónia Ramos,Vanessa Silva,Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius,Manuela Caniça,María Teresa Tejedor-Junco,Gilberto Igrejas,Patrícia Poeta +6 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these commensal bacteria (or others, such as enterococci) can be a good indicator for the selective pressure caused by the use of antimacterial agents, providing an early warning of the emergence of antim antibiotic resistance in pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli
Mickaël Desvaux,Guillaume Dalmasso,Racha Beyrouthy,Nicolas Barnich,Julien Delmas,Richard Bonnet +5 more
TL;DR: A review of a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel’s group at the University of WürZburg, Würzburg, Germany, which is summarized in this review.
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Molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis.
TL;DR: It is indicated that APEC isolates harbor a variety of virulence and resistance genes; such genes are often associated with plasmids that facilitate their transmission between bacteria and should be continuously monitored to track APEC transmission in poultry farms.
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