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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Water-mediated structuring of bone apatite

TLDR
It is demonstrated that water orients apatite crystals through an amorphous calcium phosphate-like layer that coats the crystalline core of bone Apatite, providing an extended local model of bone biomineralization.
Abstract
It is well known that organic molecules from the vertebrate extracellular matrix of calcifying tissues are essential in structuring the apatite mineral. Here, we show that water also plays a structuring role. By using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, wide-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to characterize the structure and organization of crystalline and biomimetic apatite nanoparticles as well as intact bone samples, we demonstrate that water orients apatite crystals through an amorphous calcium phosphate-like layer that coats the crystalline core of bone apatite. This disordered layer is reminiscent of those found around the crystalline core of calcified biominerals in various natural composite materials in vivo. This work provides an extended local model of bone biomineralization.

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Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications.

TL;DR: A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs.
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Bone hierarchical structure in three dimensions

TL;DR: A new hierarchical scheme for several bone tissue types that incorporates these two materials, the major material being the well-known ordered arrays of mineralized collagen fibrils and associated macromolecules, and the minor component being a relatively disordered material.
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Fractal-like hierarchical organization of bone begins at the nanoscale

TL;DR: Higher-level bone mineral organization within the extracellular matrix is studied by means of scanning TEM tomography imaging and 3D reconstruction, as well as electron diffraction to determine crystal morphology and orientation patterns, which resulted in a model of 3D mineral morphology and its association with the organic matrix.
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Induction of long-lived room temperature phosphorescence of carbon dots by water in hydrogen-bonded matrices

TL;DR: A strategy for the long-lived phosphorescence of carbon dots in water due to multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions is presented, which exhibits a high phosphorescence lifetime (687 ms) and is successfully applied in ion detection based on its visible phosphorescence.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering.

TL;DR: This critical review provides a broad overview of the current mechanisms involved in bone biomineralization, and the relationship between bone hierarchical structures and the deformation mechanism.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that colloids in general are apt to exhibit considerable deviations from Raoult's law and that crystalline phases retaining a fair proportion of solvent may separate from concentrated solutions.
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Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture.

TL;DR: Evidence is found that bone consists of mineralized collagen fibrils and a non-fibrillar organic matrix, which acts as a ‘glue’ that holds the mineralized fibril together, and it is believed that this glue may resist the separation of mineralization of bone composite.
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Lamellar bone: structure-function relations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the structure-mechanical relations of one bone structural type, lamellar bone, and show that most of the intrinsic mechanical properties are built into the structure.
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Amorphous calcium phosphates: Synthesis, properties and uses in biomaterials

TL;DR: This review paper on amorphous calcium phosphates provides an update on several aspects of these compounds which have led to many studies and some controversy since the 1970s, particularly because of the lack of irrefutable proof of the occurrence of an ACP phase in mineralised tissues of vertebrates.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cooperative deformation of mineral and collagen in bone at the nanoscale

TL;DR: It is shown that both mineral nanoparticles and the enclosing mineralized fibril deform initially elastically, but to different degrees, which is consistent with a staggered model of load transfer in bone matrix, exemplifying the hierarchical nature of bone deformation.
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