Will there be future deceleration? A study of particle creation mechanism in non-equilibrium thermodynamics

TLDR: In this article, a non-equilibrium thermodynamics based on adiabatic particle creation mechanism with the motivation of considering it as an alternative choice to explain the recent observed accelerating phase of the universe.

Abstract: The paper deals with non-equilibrium thermodynamics based on adiabatic particle creation mechanism with the motivation of considering it as an alternative choice to explain the recent observed accelerating phase of the universe. Using Friedmann equations, it is shown that the deceleration parameter ($q$) can be obtained from the knowledge of the particle production rate ($\Gamma$). Motivated from thermodynamical point of view, cosmological solutions are evaluated for the particle creation rates in three cosmic phases, namely, inflation, matter dominated and present late time acceleration. The deceleration parameter ($q$) is expressed as a function of the redshift parameter ($z$), and its variation is presented graphically. Also, statefinder analysis has been presented graphically in three different phases of the universe. Finally, two non-interacting fluids with different particle creation rates are considered as cosmic substratum, and deceleration parameter ($q$) is evaluated. It is examined whether more than one transition of $q$ is possible or not by graphical representations.