Journal ArticleDOI
新気象研究所結合モデル (mri-cgcm2)
TLDR
A new version of a global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (MRI-CGCM2) has been developed at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI). The model can be used to explore climate change associated with anthropogenic forcings as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
A new version of a global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (MRI-CGCM2) has been developed at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI). The model can be used to explore climate change associated with anthropogenic forcings. We aimed to reduce the drawbacks of the former version of the model (MRI-CGCM1, Tokioka. et. al., 1996) and achieve a more realistic climatic mean and variability to predict climate changes with greater accuracy. In a preliminary analysis of the control run, the model showed generally good performance in reproducing the mean climate (including seasonal variation) in representative aspects; surface air temperature, precipitation, snow and sea ice distribution, and ocean structure and circulation. The model is capable of making a stable integration longer than 200 years. The sea ice distribution is much improved and is close to the observed extent and thickness. The model simulates realistic strength of meridional overturning in the Atlantic Ocean that MRI-CGCM1 failed to simulate. The model realistically simulates variabilities such as Arctic Oscillation (AO) and ENSO. Temporal variation of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the NINO3 region (150°W to 90°W, 4°S to 4°N) shows a large positive value (max. +4°C) with several years interval. The SST anomaly pattern is similar to the observed El Nino with a strong positive anomaly in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific. The model still has some biases at present. The surface air temperature in winter at high latitude has a warm bias due to weaker stability in the boundary layer. The surface temperature over land in summer also shows a warm bias associated with a problem concerning the hydrological process.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the IPCC ensemble of global coupled model simulations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated temperature and precipitation extremes and their potential future changes in an ensemble of global coupled climate models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) diagnostic exercise for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).
Journal ArticleDOI
A New Global Climate Model of the Meteorological Research Institute: MRI-CGCM3 —Model Description and Basic Performance—
Seiji Yukimoto,Yukimasa Adachi,Masahiro Hosaka,Tomonori Sakami,Hiromasa Yoshimura,Mikitoshi Hirabara,Taichu Y. Tanaka,Eiki Shindo,Hiroyuki Tsujino,Makoto Deushi,Ryo Mizuta,Shoukichi Yabu,Atsushi Obata,Hideyuki Nakano,Tsuyoshi Koshiro,Tomoaki Ose,A. Kitoh +16 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A multimodel ensemble approach to assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology and water resources of the Colorado River Basin
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a multimodel ensemble approach in which downscaled and bias corrected output from 11 General Circulation Models (GCMs) was used to drive macro-scale hydrology and water resources models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implications of global climate change for snowmelt hydrology in the twenty-first century.
TL;DR: In this paper, a physically-based hydrologic model was used to assess the effects of systematic changes in precipitation and temperature on snow-affected portions of the global land area as projected by a suite of global climate models.
Journal ArticleDOI
How Often Does It Rain
TL;DR: In this paper, daily precipitation data from worldwide stations and gridded analyses and from 18 coupled global climate models are used to evaluate the models' performance in simulating the precipitation frequency, intensity, and the number of rainy days contributing to most (i.e., 67%) of the annual precipitation total.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
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Book
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TL;DR: The most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment available for scientific understanding of human influences on the past present and future climate is "Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change" as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields
TL;DR: The Arctic Oscillation (AO) as mentioned in this paper is the signature of modulations in the strength of the polar vortex aloft, and it resembles the NAO in many respects; but its primary center of action covers more of the Arctic, giving it a more zonally symmetric appearance.
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Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models
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