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Journal ArticleDOI
12 Citations
These are to the authors' knowledge the smallest polymer transistors reported.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
R. Heald, P. Wang 
07 Nov 2004
131 Citations
Hence, the small transistors in SRAM cells are particularly sensitive to these variations.
Vertical Organic Transistors are a novel technology that has the potential to overcome these limitations of OFETs.
The results are important for the design of polymer vertical transistors with high on/off ratios.
Our findings paint a picture of BTI and TDDB that in many respects is similar to that of Si transistors but with some unique characteristics.
Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that the 2DSC transistors can offer comparable performance to the 2017 target for silicon transistors in International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), marking an important milestone in 2DSC electronics.

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Zebrafish Liver Cells can express VTG1?
4 answers
Zebrafish liver cells have the capability to express VTG1, as indicated by research findings. Studies have shown that zebrafish embryos can be utilized as an in vivo model to assess the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on VTG1 expression. While zebrafish liver cells differ from human liver cells, they do contain major types of liver cells, including liver resident macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play crucial roles in liver diseases and fibrosis. Additionally, the expression of VTG genes, including VTG-1, has been identified in the livers of mature male and female zebrafish, with VTG-1 showing differential expression levels among the VTG genes. Furthermore, a transgenic zebrafish model has been developed for the rapid detection of estrogenic chemicals, demonstrating the expression of VTG1 in response to estrogenic exposure.
How many biological genders are there in humans?
5 answers
Biological sex in humans is traditionally viewed as a binary concept of male and female based on chromosomal arrangements. However, recent perspectives suggest that biological sex is more accurately described as a spectrum, encompassing various chromosomal arrangements, gene expression patterns, and hormone levels. This spectrum includes intersex variations, where individuals may exhibit differences in chromosomes, external genitalia, gonads, hormone production, and internal reproductive organs. Additionally, the concept of biological sex is emphasized as crucial for understanding the diversity of life, with sexes being defined by different gametic reproductive strategies and representing life-history stages rather than lifelong attributes. Therefore, while the traditional binary view persists, the recognition of biological sex as a spectrum with diverse variations is increasingly acknowledged in scientific discourse.
Who created behavioural anger response for children questionnaire?
5 answers
The Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire for Children (BARQC) was created by Ian M. Shochet, Jayne A. Orr, Wendell Cockshaw, Thach Duc Tran, Nga La, Huong Nguyen, Nga Thi Nguyen, Astrid Wurfl, Hau Nguyen, Ruby Stocker, and Jane Fisher. They developed the BARQC to measure adolescent anger coping styles, specifically in Vietnamese adolescents, to aid in the early detection and treatment of mental health difficulties. The BARQC assesses three anger coping strategies used by adolescents in Vietnam: Rumination, Direct Anger-out, and Assertion, providing valuable insights for interventions and research on anger coping in adolescents worldwide.
What is a risk matrix?
4 answers
A risk matrix is a tool widely used for risk assessment in various industries. It combines the severity and likelihood of undesired events to determine the risk level associated with projects. The matrix categorizes risks based on the probability of occurrence and the potential impact of adverse events, often using a five-level scale ranging from slight to very high risk. Risk matrices help decision-makers assess safety, allocate inspection resources effectively, and ensure infrastructure quality. They provide a visual representation of the combination of probability and impact of events, aiding in decision-making processes during project development and guideline creation. Overall, risk matrices play a crucial role in risk management by allowing stakeholders to identify, assess, and mitigate risks effectively.
What technologies does the NHS use?
5 answers
The NHS utilizes various technologies to enhance patient care and operational efficiency. These include digital health tools like remote monitoring, virtual wards, and artificial intelligence software. Additionally, the NHS employs workforce planning and deployment technologies to ensure safe staffing levels and quality patient care, requiring a combination of professional judgment and data utilization by managers. Information handling technologies related to medications are also used to improve patient safety and service efficiency within the NHS. Furthermore, the NHS is increasingly adopting digital technology through initiatives like the Digital Maturity Assessment tool, aimed at achieving a fully paper-free health service by 2020, highlighting the importance of readiness, capability, and enabling infrastructure for technological advancements.
What are the best superfoods?
5 answers
The concept of 'superfoods' encompasses various food items known for their beneficial health properties. Research indicates that some commonly recognized superfoods include kale, spinach, salmon, blueberries, avocado, chia seeds, walnuts, beans, fermented milks, garlic. Additionally, foods like goji berries, chia seeds, ginger, and turmeric are well-known for their health-promoting properties. These superfoods are rich in essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, offering a range of health benefits. Moreover, superfoods such as quinoa, acai, pomegranate, and spirulina have been extensively studied for their health advantages based on scientific evidence. Overall, incorporating a variety of superfoods into a balanced diet can contribute to overall well-being and may have positive effects on health.
What is the cons of predictive ability exceeding 100% in genomic selection?
5 answers
Exceeding 100% predictive ability in genomic selection can lead to unrealistic and unreliable predictions, indicating potential issues with the methodology. While some studies propose methods to enhance prediction accuracy in genomic selection, others highlight the importance of constructing training sets that represent the genetic diversity of the target population to improve predictive ability. Combining different populations for training sets has shown to increase predictive abilities, especially when aiming for high genetic diversity. Additionally, the impact of selection on bias and accuracy of genomic predictions has been studied, emphasizing the need for accurate and unbiased predictions in genome-wide marker-assisted selection. Therefore, maintaining predictive ability within realistic bounds is crucial for the effectiveness and reliability of genomic selection in breeding programs.
What are the genetic and molecular basis of herbicide resistance in bacteria?
5 answers
The genetic and molecular basis of herbicide resistance in bacteria involves various mechanisms. Bacteria can evolve resistance to herbicides like glyphosate by reducing sensitivity or increasing production of the target enzyme, EPSP synthase. Additionally, mutations in key residues of the target enzyme, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), can reduce herbicide binding affinity and abolish time-dependent accumulative inhibition, leading to resistance. Herbicides have been found to promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil bacteria by inducing changes in cell-to-cell contact, membrane permeability, and proton motive force, facilitating DNA uptake and spread of resistance genes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the spread of herbicide resistance in bacterial populations.
What is iron triangle in construction?
5 answers
The Iron Triangle in construction refers to the key Construction Project Goals (CPG) of time, cost, and quality, which are crucial for project success. It serves as a fundamental measurement in modern architecture, engineering, and construction practices, guiding project evaluation and management. Additionally, the Iron Triangle concept extends beyond traditional project goals to include Sustainable Development (SD) factors like economic, social, and environmental sustainability, which are essential for addressing challenges in the construction industry, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the balance among human, organization, and technology aspects is also considered within the Iron Triangle framework for Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption in construction projects.
How does procedural justice affect the length of pretrial detention for defendants?
5 answers
Procedural justice significantly impacts the length of pretrial detention for defendants. Research indicates that when individuals perceive fair treatment by criminal justice authorities, they are more likely to view those authorities as legitimate and exhibit compliant behavior. Moreover, the lack of procedural protections at preventive detention hearings contributes to unnecessary pretrial incarceration, leading some defendants to plead guilty simply to avoid pretrial detention. This systemic issue results in longer incarceration sentences for those who are detained pretrial, with detained individuals facing an average of almost five months longer in jail and being liable for higher court fees. Therefore, enhancing procedural justice in the criminal justice system is crucial to reducing the length of pretrial detention for defendants.
What are the characterization techniques for the composite filler for dental issues?
4 answers
Characterization techniques for dental composite fillers include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). These techniques help analyze filler size, shape, content, sphericity, crystallinity, and presence of inhomogeneities like X-ray opaque fillers or pores in the composite materials. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM are utilized for qualitative composition identification and particle size distribution assessment in nano-composites. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as compressive strength, microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity are determined through various test methods like resilience, abrasion, wear test, impact strength, and hardness, highlighting the influence of nanofiller type and amount on these properties.