Showing papers on "Division (mathematics) published in 2010"

Division Algebras:: Octonions Quaternions Complex Numbers and the Algebraic Design of Physics

Abstract: I. Underpinnings. II. Division Algebra Alone. III. Tensor Algebras. IV. Connecting to Physics. V. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking. VI. 10 Dimensions. VII. Doorways. VIII. Corridors. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

A modeling study on how cell division affects properties of epithelial tissues under isotropic growth.

Abstract: Cell proliferation affects both cellular geometry and topology in a growing tissue, and hence rules for cell division are key to understanding multicellular development. Epithelial cell layers have for long times been used to investigate how cell proliferation leads to tissue-scale properties, including organism-independent distributions of cell areas and number of neighbors. We use a cell-based two-dimensional tissue growth model including mechanics to investigate how different cell division rules result in different statistical properties of the cells at the tissue level. We focus on isotropic growth and division rules suggested for plant cells, and compare the models with data from the Arabidopsis shoot. We find that several division rules can lead to the correct distribution of number of neighbors, as seen in recent studies. In addition we find that when also geometrical properties are taken into account other constraints on the cell division rules result. We find that division rules acting in favor of equally sized and symmetrically shaped daughter cells can best describe the statistical tissue properties.

Subtidal flow division at a shallow tidal junction

Abstract: [1] Tides influence distribution of river discharge at tidally affected channel junctions. At the apex of a channel network in an Indonesian delta, observations of flow division suggest that tidally averaged flow division depends on the tidal range. To understand the mechanisms governing the subtidal flow division, an idealized hydrodynamic junction model inspired by the observations has been set up. The barotropic model consists of two exponentially converging tidal channels that connect to a tidal river at the junction and solves the nonlinear shallow water equations. By varying the depth, length, e-folding length scale of the channel width, and hydraulic roughness in one of the two tidal channels, the sensitivity of the subtidal flow division to those four parameters was investigated. For depth, length, and e-folding length scale differences between channels the effect of tides is generally to enhance unequal subtidal flow division that occurs in the case of river flow only. In contrast, for hydraulic roughness differences, the tidal effect partly cancels the inequality in river flow division. The tidal effect may even reverse the horizontal flow circulation that would occur in the absence of tides.

Encrypted integer division

Abstract: When processing signals in the encrypted domain, homomorphic encryption can be used to enable linear operations on encrypted data Integer division of encrypted data however requires an additional protocol with the server and will be relatively expensive We present new solutions for dividing encrypted data, having low computational complexity Two protocols for computing exact division, and two for approximating the division result

The complexity of multiple-precision arithmetic

Abstract: In studying the complexity of iterative processes it is usually assumed that the arithmetic operations of addition, multiplication, and division can be performed in certain constant times. This assumption is invalid if the precision required increases as the computation proceeds. We give upper and lower bounds on the number of single-precision operations required to perform various multiple-precision operations, and deduce some interesting consequences concerning the relative efficiencies of methods for solving nonlinear equations using variable-length multiple-precision arithmetic. A postscript describes more recent developments.

Dual mode radio for frequency division duplexing and time division duplexing communication modes

Abstract: Dual mode radio for frequency division duplexing and time division duplexing communication modes. In some embodiments, dual mode radio for frequency division duplexing and time division duplexing communication modes includes a multi-mode communication unit for wireless communication, in which the multi-mode communication unit allocates access for a time based communication mode and a frequency based communication mode; and a processor configured to implement at least in part the multi-mode communication unit. In some embodiments, the time based communication mode includes a time division duplexing (TDD) communication mode, and the frequency based communication mode includes a frequency division duplexing (FDD) communication mode.

Apparatus, method, medium and mobile robot using characteristic point for dividing area

Abstract: The invention provides a device for dividing block using feature point, method and medium The said method comprises: forming grid map using a number of grid points obtained by detecting the distance between the barrier; extracting feature point from grid map; extracting candidate feature point pairs at the range of geographic division element from feature points; extracting final feature point pairs of satisfying the requirement of the geographic division element from candidate feature point pairs; forming limit line by connecting the final feature point; and forming final area based on sizerelation of areas of closed curve formed by connecting the limit line and grid map

Moving object prediction device and program

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress an increase in amount of calculation even if a future shape of position distribution of a moving object is complicated.SOLUTION: A region division part 42 generates a region division map by dividing a region according to a region of runway classification and a region of motionless object. A branch node generation part 44 generates a branch node on a region boundary. A moving object generation part 46 records a position distribution of a moving object with a speed distribution. When the region division map has the branch node near the position distribution of the moving object, a moving object division part 52 generates position distributions of the moving object as many as branched directions of the branch node, calculates a branching ratio of each branched direction based on a possibility of entering a region adjacent at a boundary where the branch node exists, weights the position distribution of the moving object based on the branching ratio, and changes each of the corresponding speed distributions based on each of the branched directions. A position update part 48 updates the position distribution of the moving object.

Hierarchy in industry architecture : transaction strategy under technological constraints

Abstract: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.

Method for detecting a viewing apparatus

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a method for detecting a viewing apparatus, and causing a presentation device to present a media program in a time division multiplexed (TDM) scheme or a space division multiplexing (SDM) scheme responsive to said detection, wherein the viewing apparatus is configured to the TDM or SDM schemes to enable viewing of the media program. Other embodiments are disclosed and contemplated.

Cascade connection networking method based on xWDM wavelength-division multiplex RF far-drawing unit

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cascade network building method based on the wavelength division multiplexing (xWDM) radio frequency remote unit, and mainly comprises the following steps: 1, the wavelength division multiplex (xWDM) is used in a radio frequency remote type BTS system for the cascade radio frequency remote unit RRU; 2, the wavelength division multiplex (xWDM) and the time division multiplex (TDM) are compounded and then used in the radio frequency remote type system, and different wavelengths are adopts to form the logical star connection between the BTS and different RRUs; 3, the wavelength division multiplex (xWDM) is used in the RRU of the cascade radio frequency remote type BTS system and in the base station system BTS; 4, the wavelength division multiplex (xWDM) is used in the cascade optical transmission system from the one-point main equipment to the multi-point auxiliary equipment. The network building method greatly saves the transmission resources of the system, enlarges the transmission capacity of the system, prevents the problem of gradual declination of the clocks which are restored and transmitted step by step in the TDM multiplexing mode, simplifies the problems in the estimation of time delay between the cascade systems, and is suitable for the base station system of multi-mode communication modes.

Processing with compact arithmetic processing element

Abstract: A processor or other device, such as a programmable and/or massively parallel processor or other device, includes processing elements designed to perform arithmetic operations (possibly but not necessarily including, for example, one or more of addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division) on numerical values of low precision but high dynamic range (“LPHDR arithmetic”). Such a processor or other device may, for example, be implemented on a single chip. Whether or not implemented on a single chip, the number of LPHDR arithmetic elements in the processor or other device in certain embodiments of the present invention significantly exceeds (e.g., by at least 20 more than three times) the number of arithmetic elements, if any, in the processor or other device which are designed to perform high dynamic range arithmetic of traditional precision (such as 32 bit or 64 bit floating point arithmetic).

Parallel sparse polynomial division using heaps

Abstract: We present a parallel algorithm for exact division of sparse distributed polynomials on a multicore processor. This is a problem with significant data dependencies, so our solution requires fine-grained parallelism. Our algorithm manages to avoid waiting for each term of the quotient to be computed, and it achieves superlinear speedup over the fastest known sequential method. We present benchmarks comparing the performance of our C implementation of sparse polynomial division to the routines of other computer algebra systems.

Space-time block codes from nonassociative division algebras

Abstract: Associative division algebras are a rich source of fully diverse space-time block codes (STBCs). In this paper the systematic construction of fully diverse STBCs from nonassociative algebras is discussed. As examples, families of fully diverse $2\times 2$, $2\times 4$ multiblock and $4\x 4$ STBCs are designed, employing nonassociative quaternion division algebras.

Estimation of bird distribution based on ring re‐encounters: precision and bias of the division coefficient and its relation to multi‐state models

Abstract: Capsule The division coefficient is an estimate of the proportion of ringed birds migrating to different destination areas taking into account area‐specific re‐encounter probabilities. Aims To explore precision and bias of the division coefficient method by a simulation study and to compare the approach with multi‐state models. Methods In a simulation study true and estimated division coefficients were compared. The division coefficient method was mathematically compared with the multi‐state model. Results The estimated division coefficients seemed to be unbiased if the assumptions were met. The precision decreased if the bird distribution became similar in both bird groups and when difference between area‐specific re‐encounter probabilities increased. A bootstrap method to assess precision is presented. The estimates from the division coefficient method equal the maximum likelihood estimates in a multi‐state model including only one time interval. Conclusion Before applying the division coefficient metho...

A sum-division estimate of reals

Abstract: Let A be a finite set of positive real numbers. We present a sum-division estimate: |A + A| 2 |A/A| ≥ |A|4 / 4 . .

Image processor, image processing method, and program

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately associate explanatory statements in captions or text with objects as metadata, even when the same anchor expression is used in the captions of a plurality of objects. SOLUTION: An image processor includes an area division means (S702) for dividing image data into predetermined areas, an attribute information adding means (S703) for adding an attribute according to the areas to the divided predetermined areas, a character recognition means (S704) for performing character recognition processing to the areas to which the attribute relating to characters is added in the attribute information adding means, and a metadata processing means (S706) for extracting the metadata of the object areas to which a photograph, a figure, a table and/or a corresponding attribute are added in the attribute information adding means by use of a result of the character recognition processing, and associating the metadata with the objects of the object areas by use of an identifier that identifies a caption area accompanying the object areas. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Back surface irradiation type imaging device and imaging apparatus

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a back surface irradiation type imaging device which can achieve both of high pupil division performance and high sensitivity.SOLUTION: A back surface irradiation type imaging device 100 reading a signal from a surface side of a silicon substrate S corresponding to electrical charge generated in a photoelectric conversion region (PD) 21 by light incident on the PD 21 in the substrate S from a rear face side of the substrate S, comprises a pupil division pair including two pupil division pixel portions 11, 12 disposed adjacent to each other in a pupil division direction (row direction X). Each of the pupil division pixel portions 11, 12 includes the PD 21 formed in the substrate S. Cross-sectional shapes of the PDs 21 included in the respective pupil division pixel portions 11, 12 are axial symmetry with respect to a border between the pupil division pixel portions 11, 12. A width of the PD 21 included in the respective pupil division pixel portions 11, 12 in the pupil division direction becomes narrower on the rear face side of the substrate S and becomes wider on the surface side of the substrate S.

Method for correcting optical approach effect of polygon rim dynamic cutting by configuration sampling

Abstract: The invention discloses an optical adjointing effect calibration method which adopts the polygon edge dynamic division of profile sampling. The ptical adjointing effect calibration method comprises: parameter initialization, precorrection, sampling an initial frequency, interpolating to calculate light intensity and dividing small lines, in an optical adjointing effect calibration cycle, using a dynamic adjusting algorism to adjust the division result to attain the result of the optical adjointing effect calibration. The invention can effectively restrain ripple condition and the production defects as broken line, bridge connection, corner defects and end contraction caused by the ripple condition, to improve the quality of adjointing effect calibration, avoid the division rule of polygonedge under deep submicron level, which is hard to debug caused by complex layouts, save the time of optical adjointing effect calibration, reduce cost, improve the yield of integrated circuits and shorten production period of integrated circuits.

The Division of Epistemic Labour

Abstract: Abstract The paper mobilizes Adam Smith’s treatment of the division of labour in relation to the production, consumption and exchange of knowledge. One aspect of this mobilization deals with the epistemic demands that exchange makes on its participants. The other deals with increasing returns in the provision of knowledge itself, treating knowledge creation as just another example of specialization and exchange. These two aspects come together in relation to the epistemic demands associated with assessing knowledge quality. These demands differ according to whether the knowledge is embodied in products or whether the knowledge is an object for its own sake. It is argued that disciplines play a critical role as institutions for meeting the epistemic demands that the division of labour creates in the ‘knowledge’ case.

Latency circuit using division method related to CAS latency and semiconductor memory device

Abstract: A latency circuit for use in a semiconductor memory device includes a latency control clock generator generating an m-divided division signal from an external clock and at least one latency control clock from the m-divided division signal, wherein m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The latency circuit also includes a latency signal generator generating a latency signal in response to the at least one latency control clock, a latency control signal and an internal read command signal, wherein the latency control signal is generated from a column address strobe (CAS) latency and the internal read command signal is generated in response to a received read command.

Distinguishing division algebras by finite splitting fields

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of determining the number of division algebras which share the same collection of finite splitting fields. As a corollary we are able to determine when two central division algebras may be distinguished by their finite splitting fields over certain fields.

System and method of decoding data

Abstract: A decoder is disclosed that can reduce power consumption at different stages of a decoding process. At a first stage where the decoder calculates residual values, the decoder can reduce power consumption by calculating residual values using less than a full set of division circuits. A reduced number of division circuits may be sufficient to successfully calculate residuals associated with the codeword to complete the decoding process. Division circuits that are not used may be disabled to reduce power consumption. At another stage of the decoding process where the decoder generates coefficients that are used to identify locations of errors in the codeword, the decoding process can limit power consumption by reducing the number of iterations of a polynomial generator by incorporating termination decision circuitry.

Method and design system for semiconductor integrated circuit

Abstract: A layout region in which a wiring pattern and a special pattern are placed is divided into division regions. The minimum pitch for the special pattern is larger than the minimum pitch for the wiring pattern. With respect to each division region, the special pattern included in a predetermined region surrounding the each division region is extracted as a peripheral pattern, and a dummy pattern placement region included in the each division region is determined. The dummy pattern placement region is apart from at least one of boundaries between adjacent division regions. A dummy pattern is added in the dummy pattern placement region with avoiding a design rule error with the peripheral pattern existing around the each division region. Then, the plurality of division regions to which the dummy pattern is added are coupled with each other.

Display control device, display control method, and program

Abstract: A display control device, a display control method, and a program capable of providing a new method for displaying a thumbnail. A clustering unit (611) clusters each frame of a content to a cluster among a plurality of clusters, and with respect to each of the plurality of clusters, a scene division unit (612) divides frames belonging to a cluster into a scene which is a collection of one or more frames which are successive in terms of time. A thumbnail creation unit (613) creates a thumbnail of the scene, and a display control unit (614) displays the thumbnail on a display device (603).

Method and apparatus for make-before-break handover in time division-synchronous code division multiple access (td-scdma) system

Abstract: Provided in the present invention are a system and method for performing make-before-break handover from a source cell to a target cell in a Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) system. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a mobile station establishes a wireless link with the target cell while maintaining the call with the source cell. The communication between the mobile station and the respective source and target cells can be multiplexed utilizing time division multiplexing or frequency division multiplexing. When the time division multiplexing is utilized, the allocation between the respective source and target cells can be made slot-by-slot in a subframe, or subframe-by-subframe in a radio frame.