Showing papers in "Cognition in 2010"

TL;DR: It is shown that number acuity improves with age in typically developing children, establishing for the first time a clear association between dyscalculia and impaired "number sense", and may open up new horizons for the early diagnosis and rehabilitation of mathematical learning deficits.

TL;DR: Implicit learning was significantly associated with aspects of self-reported personality, including intuition, Openness to Experience, and impulsivity, and was independently related to two components of psychometric intelligence: verbal analogical reasoning and processing speed.

TL;DR: A simple model of lexical retrieval in speech production that applies error-driven learning to its lexical activation network and suggests that competition during lexical selection is not necessary for semantic interference if the learning process is itself competitive.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that implicit learning abilities are essential for acquiring long-term knowledge of the sequential structure of language - i.e., knowledge of word predictability - and that individual differences on such abilities impact speech perception in everyday situations.

TL;DR: Findings support the claim that creativity and dopamine are related, but they also call for more conceptual differentiation with respect to the processes involved in creative performance.

TL;DR: A time-course analysis of the roles of vocabulary size and executive control in bilinguals' verbal fluency performance shows dissociable effects of resources available at the initiation of the trial and ability to monitor and retrieve new items using a novel phonemic-based word searching strategy, considered to reflect executive control.

TL;DR: Performance of non-symbolic arithmetic predicted children's mathematics achievement at the end of the school year, independent of achievement in reading or general intelligence, and was related to children's mastery of number words and symbols.

TL;DR: The performance of 10- and 11-year-old children with DD characterised by a weakness in arithmetic facts retrieval and age-matched control children was compared on various number comparison tasks and DD children showed a greater numerical distance effect than control children, irrespective of the number format.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the embodiment of SPT is best conceptualised as the self-initiated emulation of a body movement, supporting the notion of endogenous motoric embodiment.

TL;DR: Results suggested that the secondary task did not affect the calculation of perspective, but did affect the selection of the relevant perspective for a given trial, the first direct evidence of a cognitively efficient process for "theory of mind" in adults that operates independently of executive function.

TL;DR: A visual-world study investigating how and when perceivers compute scalar inferences indicates that the scalar inference is computed immediately and is not delayed relative to the literal interpretation of some.

TL;DR: It is found that color-naming performance was enhanced on trials with potential-reward versus those without, which implies that the prospect of reward enhances the processing of task-relevant stimulus information, whereas incongruent reward-related information in a task-irrelevant dimension can impede task performance.

TL;DR: This article found that positive and negative life experiences are implicitly associated with schematic representations of upward and downward motion, consistent with theories of metaphorical mental representation, and that the direction of irrelevant, repetitive motor actions can also partly determine the emotional content of the memories people retrieve.

TL;DR: This work recorded people taking part in a group decision-making task and then showed video clips of these situations to new participants while tracking their eye movements, finding high-status individuals were gazed at much more often, and for longer, than low- status individuals.

TL;DR: It is argued that evaluation of rationality requires less experience than anticipations of action goals, suggesting a dual process account of preverbal infants' everyday action understanding.

TL;DR: Differences between mathematics anxious and non-mathematics anxious individuals in more basic numerical processing using a visual enumeration task demonstrate that the problems associated with mathematics anxiety exist at a level more basic than would be predicted from the extant literature.

TL;DR: It is concluded that bodily experiences--namely finger counting--influence the structure of the abstract mental number representations even in adults, supporting the general idea that even seemingly abstract cognition may at least partially be rooted in the authors' bodily experiences.

TL;DR: The findings of four experiments support the view that conceptual processing is both linguistic and embodied, with a bias for the embodiment or the linguistic factor depending on the nature of the task and the stimuli.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the functional overlap between representations of length and duration does not result from a metaphoric construction processes mediated by learning to flexibly use words such as long and short, but may reflect an evolutionary recycling of spatial representations for more general purposes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that audiovisual semantic interactions likely occur in a short-term buffer which rapidly accesses, and temporarily retains, the semantic representations of multisensory stimuli in order to form a coherent mult isensory object representation.

TL;DR: Limited overlap between mappings of spatial height and pitch height was found, suggesting that, the ubiquity of the verticality metaphor in Western usage notwithstanding, cross-domain pitch mappings are largely independent of that metaphor, and seem to be based upon other underlying dimensions.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the violation of expectations and the difficulty of memory retrieval both contribute to the difficulties of object relative clauses, but that these two sources of difficulty have qualitatively distinct behavioral consequences in normal reading.

TL;DR: The results suggest that sense of control is linked to processes of selection between alternative actions, being strongest when selection is smooth and uncontested.

TL;DR: It is shown that consciousness of otherwise masked stimuli can be experimentally induced by sensory entrainment, supporting the functional role of induced oscillations in underlying cortical excitability, and suggesting a plausible mechanism of temporal attention.

TL;DR: Diffusion chains, but not isolate learners, were found to cumulatively increase predictability of plural marking by lexicalising the choice of plural marker, suggesting that such gradual, cumulative population-level processes offer a possible explanation for regularity in language.

TL;DR: This study is the first to show that the 'averaging' of target-directed reaching movements depends not only on the spatial position of the targets in the display but also the probability of acting at each target location.

TL;DR: In a categorisation task that captures the processes involved in natural language interpretation, participants were faster to identify novel objects when label-object mappings were sound-symbolic than when they were not, highlighting the non-arbitrary relation between the objects and the labels used to name them.

TL;DR: Secretly switched the contents of the sample containers so that the outcome of the choice became the opposite of what the participants intended, demonstrating considerable levels of choice blindness for the taste and smell of two different consumer goods.

TL;DR: The authors investigate the nature of the computations underlying this ability using statistical word segmentation experiments in which they vary the length of sentences, the amount of exposure, and the number of words in the languages being learned.

TL;DR: The linkage of the dual-route model of single word reading and a model of eye movement control led to a useful framework for understanding eye movement abnormalities of dyslexic readers.