Showing papers on "Feed line published in 2016"

Smaller-loss planar SPP transmission line than conventional microstrip in microwave frequencies

Abstract: Transmission line is a basic component in all passive devices, integrated circuits, and systems. Microstrip is the most popular transmission line in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, and has been widely used in current electronic devices, circuits, and systems. One of the important issues to be solved in such applications is the relatively large transmission loss of microstrip. Here, we propose a method to reduce the loss of microwave transmission line based on the designable wavenumber of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Using this characteristic, we analyze and experimentally demonstrate the low-loss feature of the SPP transmission line through the perturbation method and S-parameter measurements, respectively. Both simulation and experimental results show that the SPP transmission line has much smaller transmission loss than traditional microstrip with the same size in the microwave frequencies. Hence, the spoof SPP transmission line may make a big step forward in the low-loss circuits and systems.

Novel Filtering Power Divider With Wide Stopband Using Discriminating Coupling

Abstract: A novel filtering power divider with wide stopband is presented in this letter. It utilizes four coupled quarter- wavelength resonators to obtain dual functions. Discriminating coupling is applied to the input and output feed lines and resonators, which not only to provide suitable coupling strength but also to suppress $3f_{0}$ and $5f_{0}$ ( $f_{0}$ is the operating frequency). A resistor is connected at the two open-ends of the input feed line to obtain high isolation. Transmission zeros are generated near the passband edges, resulting in high selectivity. For demonstration, a power divider with filtering function as well as wide stopband is implemented. Good agreement between the prediction and measurement validates the proposed method.

Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna array for 28 GHz applications

Abstract: In this paper, a Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) with a modified feeding line is designed and investigated at 28 GHz. The modified feed line is designed to excite the DR with relative permittivity of 10 which contributes to a wide bandwidth operation. The proposed single RDRA has been fabricated and mounted on a RT/Duroid 5880 (er = 2.2 and tanδ = 0.0009) substrate. The optimized single element has been applied to array structure to improve the gain and achieve the required gain performance. The radiation pattern, impedance bandwidth and gain are simulated and measured accordingly. The number of elements and element spacing are studied for an optimum performance. The proposed antenna obtains a reflection coefficient response from 27.0 GHz to 29.1 GHz which cover the desired frequency band. This makes the proposed antenna achieve 2.1 GHz impedance bandwidth and gain of 12.1 dB. Thus, it has potential for millimeter wave and 5G applications

Transmission-Line Model of Nonuniform Leaky-Wave Antennas

Abstract: Nonuniform leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are analyzed and synthesized using a lossy transmission line model. The analysis is based on a general waveguide circuit theory. Compared to the classical approach, the model yields a higher accuracy in the computation of both aperture field distribution and radiation patterns. The proposed analysis is also able to provide scattering parameters of the whole structure in a fraction of a second, which is valuable for antenna optimization. Based on the analysis, a general method for far-field pattern synthesis utilizing global optimization is presented. As an application demonstration, the half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW), or half-width microstrip line, has been selected as basis structure for the LWA designs. Two antennas have been optimized targeting different specifications, i.e., a low-sidelobe level and a wide null in the radiation pattern. Experimental results are provided for these selected examples of nonuniform LWAs, which ultimately validate the proposed technique as an improvement over the classical approach.

A Dual-Band Low-Profile Aperture Antenna With Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Grooves

Abstract: This communication presents a new dual-band low-profile aperture antenna with relatively high gain using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) corrugated structures. It consists of a cavity excited by a transmission line and four SIW grooves that produce good reflection coefficient and enhanced gain. By designing corrugated structure using constructive superposition of electric fields of patch and grooves, the antenna with high performance in both bands is achieved. In the proposed structure, three simple printed circuit boards (PCBs) for implementing a resonant transmission line and specific SIW structures are employed instead of waveguide feeder and grooves on metallic plate in conventional corrugated antennas. Removing the metallic plate reduces the weight and cost of the structure and provides ease of fabrication. Dual-band characteristic is achieved using resonant slot (cavity) and resonant transmission line. Fabrication results show that the SIW grooves significantly increase the antenna gain with respect to the simple slot antenna.

A pattern reconfigurable printed patch antenna

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the design, operation and fabrication of a pattern reconfigurable patch antenna. Two rectangular patches which are placed perpendicularly to each other are fed with a common feed line. These patches are fed from the corners so that the exact impedance matching could be obtained for both elements. Switching between the patches is achieved using PIN diodes, connected between the feed line and the patches. The biasing of the PIN diode 1 excites Patch 1, resulting in a broadside radiation pattern at 30° to the right side of the yz-plane with a gain of 5.85 dBi. The pattern is reconfigured by switching to Patch 2 using PIN diode 2, which gives a broadside radiation pattern at −30° to the left side of the yz-plane with a gain of 5.9 dBi. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained at the 2.43 GHz resonating frequency. The antenna is printed on a low loss 1.524 thick Rogers TMM4 laminate (e r = 4.5, tanδ = 0.002). The antenna has an overall size of (58 × 100 mm2).

A novel compact printed ACS fed dual-band antenna for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications

Abstract: In this research article, a compact dual band asymmetric coplanar strip-fed printed antenna is designed and presented for Bluetooth, WLAN/WiMAX and public safety applications. The dual frequency operating bands (2.45 GHz and 5.25 GHz) have been achieved by attaching two simple meander shaped radiating strips to the ACS feed line. The proposed antenna geometry is printed on a low cost FR4 substrate having thickness of 1.6mm with overall dimensions of 13 × 21.3m including uniplanar ground plane. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the meandered ACS-fed dual band monopole antenna is about 140MHz from 2.36–2.5 GHz, and 2500MHz from 4.5–7.0 GHz respectively, which can cover 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/WLAN, 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN, 5.5 GHz WiMAX and 4.9 GHz US public safety bands. In addition to the simple geometry and wide impedance bandwidth features, proposed structure perform bidirectional and omnidirectional radiation pattern in both E and H-plane respectively.

Slot antenna single layer fed by step impedance strip line for Wi-Fi and Wi-Max applications

Abstract: To design a slot antenna intended to work at four bandwidth frequency groups, which meet the specifications of (DO,1xRTT-3G), (WiMAX-IEEE802.11e), (WiMAX-IEEE802.16m) and (Wi-Fi.802.11b,g, & n) communications. The slot in the proposed antenna taken the form of the character (Q) that was feed by step impedance micro strip line design open mouth ended. The surface current distribution at resonant frequencies and the effect of varying the dimensions of the parameters on impedance bandwidth had been studied carefully in this research to enhance the performance of resonant frequency.

Structure and design optimisation of compact UWB slot antenna

Abstract: A structure and computationally efficient design optimisation procedure of a novel miniaturised UWB slot antenna has been proposed. Upon geometry parameter adjustment, the structure exhibits a very small footprint of just 161 mm2. This has been achieved by introducing sufficient number of degrees of freedom, including the parameterised multi-section slot and a multi-section load of the feed line as well as efficient numerical optimisation of all relevant geometry dimensions of the structure. The design process has been formulated as explicit size reduction problem. The electrical performance parameters (here, a maximum in-band reflection) are controlled by suitably defined constraints. The final design has been verified through full-wave electromagnetic simulation as well as physical measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Line Feed Ultra-Wide Band Antenna

Abstract: The research article presents the design and performance of a planar microstrip-line feed monopole antenna for Ultra-Wide band (UWB) frequency. The proposed antenna is consisting of a rectangular patch antenna loaded with a rectangular slot on its center position. The antenna is etched over a FR4 epoxy substrate with a dimension of 30 mm by 26 mm by 1.52 mm. The simulated and experimental results are compared and analysis showed a good proximity. The measured and simulated results confirm that the design covers the entire region of UWB range (4.1 GHz to 8.8 GHz). The measurement indicates that the designed antenna is a good candidate in terms of return loss, VSWR, radiation efficiency for UWB application.

Microwave Transmission Line Filters

Abstract: Thank you for reading microwave transmission line filters. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this microwave transmission line filters, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer. microwave transmission line filters is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the microwave transmission line filters is universally compatible with any devices to read.

A compact fractal UWB antenna with reconfigurable band notch functions

Abstract: In this paper, a compact reconfigurable single/dual notch band ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with triple notch band characteristics is presented for portable UWB applications. The desired compactness and wideband is achieved using fractals in antenna design. It has the compact dimensions of 24.5 mm × 20 mm. The single/dual notch band reconfigurability is demonstrated in WiMAX band as well as in X-band using two p-i-n diodes for efficient utilization of UWB bands in case of no interference scenarios. The band rejections are obtained by introducing two C-shaped slots in the fractal monopole, whereas band rejection in WLAN band is achieved by placing two C-shaped single split ring resonator on either sides of feed line. In addition, the time-domain characteristic of antenna is also evaluated in terms of fidelity factor, which is more than 0.71. These results illustrates that the presented antenna is appropriate candidate for portable UWB applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:509–514, 2016

A new triple band microstrip fractal antenna for c-band and s-band applications

Abstract: Recently research show that some parameters such as the shapes of antenna patch and the ground plane when geometrically altered produces changes in the current density distribution of the planar structure and consequently in the resonant modes. This paper presents a new microstrip fractal antenna using the technique of inserting slots of shape fractal in ground plane in order to increase the bandwidth and insertion discontinuities in the feed line to reach specific behaviors in three resonant modes. The FR-4 substrate with dimensions 85.0 x 85.0 x 1.57 mm3 is used. Also, it used different techniques of impedance matching in feed line of antenna with changes of the width of the transmission line in order to obtain a variation in the current distribution and consequently of the impedance bandwidth for S11 ≤ -10dB for C-band (3.625 GHz – 4.2 GHz) and S-band (2.0 GHz – 4.0 GHz). Good agreement between measured and simulated results is achieved. Proposed fractal microstrip antenna can be easily designed, built and applied in wireless communication.

Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for 28GHz Applications

Abstract: In this paper, a Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) with a modified feeding line is designed and investigated at 28 GHz The modified feed line is designed to excite the DR with relative permittivity of 10 which contributes to a wide bandwidth operation The proposed single RDRA has been fabricated and mounted on a RT/Duroid 5880 (er = 22 and tanδ = 00009) substrate The optimized single element has been applied to array structure to improve the gain and achieve the required gain performance The radiation pattern, impedance bandwidth and gain are simulated and measured accordingly The number of elements and element spacing are studied for an optimum performance The proposed antenna obtains a reflection coefficient response from 270 GHz to 291 GHz which cover the desired frequency band This makes the proposed antenna achieve 21 GHz impedance bandwidth and gain of 121 dB Thus, it has potential for millimeter wave and 5G applications

Compact integrated bluetooth UWB bandnotch antenna for personal wireless communication

Abstract: In this paper, a compact microstrip fed octagonal ring dual band antenna for integrated Bluetooth (2.4∼2.484 GHz) and ultra-wideband (UWB; 3.1∼10.6 GHz) applications withband notch characteristics for wireless local area network (WLAN; 5.15∼5.825 GHz) is proposed and investigated. The entire UWB frequency band is achieved by using an octagonal ring patch and a modified ground plane. The dual band operation is achieved by integrating Bluetooth characteristicsby embedding a quarter wavelength resonating strip at the center of the octagonal ring radiating patch. Further, to avoid the potential interferences of the UWB system with the existing narrow band system such as WLAN in the proposed antenna,an inverted U-shaped slot in the feed line has been etched to obtain the desired band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated on a FR4 glass epoxy substrate and tested. The proposed antenna yields a measured impedance bandwidth over the frequency range of 2.40 ∼ 2.5 GHz and 3.1 ∼ 13 GHz to exhibit the integrated Bluetooth and UWB characteristics respectively for VSWR < 2 with an excellent rejection band of 5.15 ∼ 5.90 GHz to prevent interferences of WLAN signals. The proposed antenna exhibits directional and omnidirectional radiation pattern in E and H-plane with stable gain and good time domain characteristics at all desired frequency bands. The compact dimension of 38 × 30 mm2 of the proposed antenna makes it a suitable candidate for personal wireless communication application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:540–546, 2016

Design and parametric analysis of a planar array antenna for circular polarization

Abstract: A new circularly polarized planar array antenna using linearly polarized microstrip patches is designed and optimized for X-band wireless communication applications. Four square patch elements with feed network are used to design the circularly polarized array antenna. The feed network consists of microstrip lines on the obverse side of the dielectric substrate and slot line on the reverse side of the substrate. Both-sided MIC technology is successfully employed to apply its inherent advantages in the design process of the array structure. The unequal feed line is used to create 90° phase difference between the linearly polarized patches. Therefore, the circular polarization is realized by the combination of linearly polarized patches and unequal feed line. Characteristics of the proposed array are investigated by using two electromagnetic (EM) simulators: advanced design system and EMPro. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is around 5%. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1.48% is obtained. The design of the proposed antenna along with parametric study is presented and discussed.

Waveguide Slot Array Antenna with a Hybrid-Phase Feed for Grating Lobe Reduction

Abstract: The design of a 112-element millimeter-wave waveguide slot array antenna to reduce the grating lobe level is presented. A hybrid-phase feeding technique combining a cophase feed and an alternating-phase feed is applied to facilitate the suppression of grating lobes. In addition, a stepped feed waveguide and offset coupling slots aligned in a line are employed to realize a tapered aperture distribution. As a result, grating lobe suppression of 8.1 dB was achieved on the diagonal planes compared to a conventional alternating-phase-fed waveguide slot array antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the proposed antenna exhibits a −15 dB reflection bandwidth of 3.4 and an average realized gain of 26.72 dBi within the measured frequency range. Good agreement between the simulated and measured radiation patterns is also observed.

An optically-switched frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications

Abstract: In this paper, an optically-switched frequency-reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications has been proposed. The antenna design is comprised of two units, namely the UWB unit, that senses the spectrum from 2.5–8 GHz, and the reconfigurable unit that switches between 3.9 GHz and 6.2 GHz resonant frequencies. The dark and active states of the reconfigurable unit are controlled using IREDs (880 nm). A match between measured and simulated transmission of an optically switched transmission line was used to estimate the conductivity of a medium resistive (8 Ω-cm) Si switch for active and dark states. However, the conductivity estimated for the active state (70 S/m) and dark state (5 S/m) of the medium resistive Si was not sufficient to yield best performance of the reconfigurable antenna. Hence feasible estimates of conductivity for both the active (168 S/m) and dark state (4.25 × 10−4 S/m) of high resistive Si were substituted into the reconfigurable antenna design in CST Studio Suite to enhance the performance.

A Wide Band Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Future 5G

Abstract: In this paper, a 5G capable slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The antenna has an overall size of 22 × 19 mm2 at 11 GHz. The patch is excited using a 50-Ω feed line. A rectangular slot is etched off the ground plane to increase the gain of the antenna. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna works best at the 11 GHz frequency band.

A compact printed monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and variable dual band notch for UWB applications

Abstract: This article presents a compact, enhanced bandwidth, and variable dual band notched printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. By inserting a simple inverted L-shaped slot in the ground plane and modifying the lower edge of the patch, wider bandwidth with usable fractional bandwidth of 139.2% (3.1–17.3 GHz) is achieved whereas two inverted U-shaped slots in the corner modified patch are embedded to realize two notch bands exactly at WiMAX (3.25–3.75 GHz) and WLAN (5.1–5.9 GHz). A precise design formula is also proposed to calculate the length of the slots. The proposed simple antenna structure with a 50 Ω feed line has been obtained within a small size of 0.11λ × 0.19λ. The simulated results are validated using measured results to show potentiality of the proposed antenna structure in UWB applications.

An effective technique based on off-set fed patch to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip planar antenna

Abstract: In this article a microstrip planar antenna with new bandwidth enhancement technique is proposed for broadband wireless communication. The antenna consists of a rectangular radiating patch, a fed line, and a conducting ground plane. To increase the operating band of a conventional microstrip patch antenna, the radiating patch is shifted from the center of the substrate (asymmetric) while the feed line is made as off-set. It is observed that this asymmetric patch and off-set feed line improve the impedance matching resulting in a bandwidth enhancement of more than 115% without changing of the overall antenna size. It is observed from the measurement that the proposed planar design with this technique can achieve an operating band ranging from 2.96 to 19GHz (146%) which makes it very suitable for a number of wireless communication applications such as WiMAX, WLAN, UWB, C-band, X-band, Ku-band etc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1221–1226, 2016

Method and device for recognizing fault type of feed line of power distribution line

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for recognizing the fault type of a feed line of a power distribution line, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining waveform sampling data, and sequentially carrying out the Hilbert-Huang transformation and band-pass filtering of the waveform sampling data; reconfiguring a time frequency matrix according to the band-pass filtering data, solving the singular value of the time frequency matrix, and forming feature vector matrixes; carrying out the normalization processing of all feature vector matrixes, and enabling the feature vector matrixes to serve as the input samples of a multi-stage support vector machine after normalization processing, so as to recognize the fault type of the feed line of the power distribution line. The invention also provides a device for recognizing the fault type of the feed line of the power distribution line. The multi-stage support vector machine is good in performance, is clear in logic, is simple, and can recognize four types of power grid faults: single-phase grounding faults, two-phase grounding faults, two-phase short-circuit faults and three-phase short-circuit faults. The method provided by the invention is stronger in adaptive capability, and still has a high recognition rate of fault types under the impact of noise.

System and method for storing water and supplying water to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for storing water and supplying water to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising: a reservoir (1) for the water; at least one delivery pump (5) for the water; at least one line system, comprising at least one feed line (4) to a load, which is preferably in the form of at least one metering unit, and at least one return line (9) into the reservoir (1); and means for demineralizing the water, which are arranged within the reservoir (1) or in the line system.

Microstrip antenna design for UWB applications

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a micro-strip antenna design for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. The antenna has a deformed rectangular patch with diagonal cuts and circular edges replacing the sharp edges, a 50 Ω micro-strip feed line and partial ground with a single rectangular groove. These modifications were used to improve the bandwidth to up to 128%. The simulated parameters and analysis of the designed structure was done using the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS).

Dual-band wearable antenna using split ring resonator

Abstract: This paper presents dual-band wearable antenna using split-ring resonator (SRR). The SRR is placed near patch and feed line. SRR makes a major contribution to the first operating band (2.32 GHz), but it has a minor effect on the second operating band (3.5 GHz). The wearable antenna at 3.5 GHz (without using SRR) is also presented for comparison sake. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the measured results, which shows that there is a good agreement between them.

Design of a dual-band printed slot antenna with utilizing a band rejection element for the 5G wireless applications

Abstract: A design and analysis of a proximity-fed printed slot antenna with 28/38 GHz dual band characteristics for future 5G wireless applications are presented. To obtain a dual-band at 28/38 GHz that covers 5G applications, an elliptical patch is etched non-concentrically inside a ground plane elliptical slot. The antenna is proximity-fed by a microstrip on the other side of the substrate. Results indicate that the proposed antenna yields a broadband impedance bandwidth greater than 20 GHz (from 20 to more than 40 GHz) defined by S 11 < −10 dB that covers both 5G bands. To reduce the interference between the 5G system and other applications, L-shaped slot is etched off in the feed line to create a notched band of 30–35 GHz. Simulated results show that the designed antenna has dual band at 28 and 38 GHz for 5G system with band notched at 33 GHz. The antenna provides almost omni-directional patterns, relatively flat gain, and high radiation efficiency through the frequency band excluding the rejected band.

A new compact wireless power transfer system using C-shaped printed resonators

Abstract: This paper presents a simple and compact design for an efficient short-range wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The proposed design is composed of two identical transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) substrates. Each substrate has a micro strip feed line and C-shaped edge coupled resonator. A partial ground plane is added under the feeding line to guide the transmitted/received signals. The C-shaped resonator is loaded by chip capacitor for miniaturization. A circuit model has been extracted for verification of the design theory. The proposed design achieves a WPT efficiency of 69% at 1 GHz and a transmission distance of 15mm.

Harmonics suppression of microstrip antenna using open ended stubs

Abstract: Harmonic suppression is an important study for microstrip patch antenna that radiates harmonic frequencies. In an active microstrip patch antenna, severe surface waves perturb the impedance parameters of the patch element, which cause pattern anomalies associated with the higher harmonics. In this study, the higher order modes including 1st harmonic and a subharmonic (which exist in between fundamental and 1st harmonic) have been removed by using open ended stubs. The subharmonic and the 1st harmonic have been suppressed by using a pair of quarter wave length stubs placed on either sides of the feed line. The introduction of stubs on the feed line does not affect antenna characteristics associated with the fundamental frequency. Simulated and measured results show that the harmonic components existing at 7.9 GHz (subharmonic) and 10.0 GHz (1st harmonic) of the fundamental frequency of 5.20 GHz have been successfully suppressed. The harmonic properties of microstrip antenna with and without stubs have been studied and the result indicates that the 1st and the subharmonic of the patch antenna have been well eliminated because of the effect of the tuning stubs. A parametric study has been done to optimize the stub dimensions. Finally, the influence of other antenna parameters at the presence of stubs in the antenna structure has been studied. Prototype antennas of different combination of stubs have been fabricated, measured and the idea has been verified. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1340–1345, 2016

Miniaturized inverted-E-shaped groove type ultra wide band millimeter wave microstrip antenna

Abstract: The invention provides a miniaturized inverted-E-shaped groove type ultra wide band millimeter wave microstrip antenna. The antenna comprises a square medium substrate (1), a grounding surface (2) disposed at one side of the square medium substrate, a radiation patch (3) disposed at the other side of the square medium substrate, and a feed line (7). The antenna is characterized in that the outer contour of the radiation patch is rectangular-shaped, the radiation patch is provided with an inverted-E-shaped groove (4) and two fillet rectangular-shaped grooves (5), and the two fillet rectangular-shaped grooves are disposed below the inverted-E-shaped groove. The antenna has the advantages of good radiation features, high gain, small dimension, low profile, easy conformation, easy integration, simple processing, low cost and the like, thereby being quite suitable for 5G mobile communication large-scale networking.