Showing papers on "Filler metal published in 2010"
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel joints by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, laser welding and laser-TIG hybrid welding were investigated.
279 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of metal vapour on the distributions of temperature, current density and heat flux in arcs is examined in terms of these thermophysical properties, and different approaches to treat diffusion of metal vapor in plasmas, and the production of vapour from molten metal, are compared.
Abstract: Metal vapour is formed in arc welding processes by the evaporation of molten metal in the weld pool, and in the case of gas–metal arc welding, in the wire electrode and droplets. The presence of metal vapour can have a major influence on the properties of the arc and the size and shape of the weld pool. Previous experimental and computational works on the production and transport of metal vapour in welding arcs, in particular those relevant to gas–metal arc welding and gas–tungsten arc welding, are reviewed. The influence of metal vapour on the thermodynamic, transport and radiative properties of plasmas is discussed. The effect of metal vapour on the distributions of temperature, current density and heat flux in arcs is examined in terms of these thermophysical properties. Different approaches to treating diffusion of metal vapour in plasmas, and the production of vapour from molten metal, are compared. The production of welding fume by the nucleation and subsequent condensation of metal vapour is considered. Recommendations are presented about subjects requiring further investigation, and the requirements for accurate computational modelling of welding arcs.
230 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin intermetallic compound layer has formed in welded seam/steel interface and the average thickness of the whole layer is 3-5μm, which is less than the limited value of 10μm.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal of ferritic stainless steel by introducing directly ultrasonic vibrations into the weld molten pool using ultrasonically vibrating filler metal.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to study vacuum brazing between carbon-carbon composites (CC) and TiAl alloys with Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal, and a new method of making holes in the CC composite surface was introduced, and the joint was strengthened by the infiltration of filler metals into these holes.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Si diffusion behavior has a significant effect on the formation of interfacial intermetallic compounds and a model for the prediction of the chemical potential for ternary alloy was established.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of each welding parameter on the weld bead geometry was presented, and then the optimal process parameters were determined using the Taguchi method to determine the parameters, and the experimental results showed that activating flux aided GMAW increased the weld area and penetration and tended to reduce the angular distortion of the weldment.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and hardness of grey cast iron was studied, and it was shown that applying PWHT resulted in the dissolution of martensite in heat affected zone and graphitization and in turn the reduction of partially melted zone hardness.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a visible unequal thickness intermetallic layer has formed in welded seam/steel interface, and the thickness of the whole layer is <10 μm, and fracture occurs at θ-(Al,Si)13Fe4 layer, while the joint with Al 6%Cu filler metal presents high crack resistance with tensile strength of 155-175 MPa, which reaches more than 50% of aluminium base metal strength.
Abstract: Intermetallic layer of dissimilar tungsten inert gas welding–brazing butt joint of aluminium alloy/ stainless steel has been studied. A visible unequal thickness intermetallic layer has formed in welded seam/steel interface, and the thickness of the whole layer is <10 μm. The interface with Al–12Si filler metal consists of τ 5-Al8Fe2Si layer in welded seam side and θ-(Al,Si)13Fe4 layer in steel side with the hardness values of 1025 and 835 HV respectively, while the interface with Al–6Cu filler metal consists of θ-Al13(Fe,Cu)4 layer with the hardness of 645 HV. The average tensile strength of the joint with Al–12Si filler metal is 100–120 MPa, and the fracture occurs at θ-(Al,Si)13Fe4 layer, while the joint with Al–6%Cu filler metal presents high crack resistance with tensile strength of 155–175 MPa, which reaches more than 50% of aluminium base metal strength.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive summary concerning the technology of resistance spot welding of aluminium alloys is presented, including the welding schedules, electric parameters of welding, electrodes materials and electrodes life time.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, thermal stress analyses were performed in the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process of two different stainless steel specimens in order to compare their distortion mode and magnitude.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), friction stir welding (FSW), and laser beam welding (LBW) on tensile properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated.
Abstract: This article reports the influences of welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), friction stir welding (FSW), and laser beam welding (LBW) on tensile properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy. The lowest hardness distribution profile (LHDP) is constructed across the weld section to identify the fracture path. From this investigation, it is found that LBW joints exhibited superior tensile properties compared to GTAW and FSW joints and this is mainly due to the formation of very fine grains in the fusion zone and absence of heat-affected zone (HAZ).
TL;DR: An alternate cleaning process to chemical process of Ti-3Al-25V tube surface by a pulsed fiber laser and welding of the laser-cleaned tubes with end fittings by Pulsed Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW-P) technique is reported in this paper.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the welding and joining of magnesium alloys to steel is discussed, as well as the protection of magnesium alloy welds from corrosion and protection of steel.
Abstract: Part 1 General: Introduction to the welding and joining of magnesium Welding metallurgy of magnesium alloys Preparation for welding of magnesium alloys Welding materials for magnesium alloys Welding and joining of magnesium alloys to aluminium alloys The joining of magnesium alloys to steel Corrosion and protection of magnesium alloy welds. Part 2 Particular welding and joining techniques: Brazing and soldering of magnesium alloys Mechanical joining of magnesium alloys Adhesive bonding of magnesium alloys Gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of magnesium alloys Metal inert gas welding (MIG) of magnesium alloys Variable polarity plasma arc welding of magnesium alloys Hybrid laser-arc welding of magnesium alloys Activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) of magnesium alloys Friction stir welding of magnesium alloys Laser welding of magnesium alloys Resistance spot welding of magnesium alloys Electro-magnetic welding of Mg alloys.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to apply hybrid process to the joining of dissimilar sheet metals, Al-Mg-Si (6000 series) alloy and low carbon steel sheet.
15 Oct 2010-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a ZnO-enhanced Zn-Al cermet and Fe-Al-Zn intermetallic compounds were detected within the interfacial layer.
Abstract: Aluminum alloy was arc welded to stainless steel with a flux-cored Zn-based filler wire. Annealing enhanced the tensile strength of the joints, and fracture occurred through the aluminum base metal during testing. The weld consisted of a ZnO-enhanced Zn–Al cermet, and Fe–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds were detected within the interfacial layer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of weld filler metal austenite to acicular ferrite transformation temperature on the residual stresses that arise during the gas metal arc welding of a low carbon steel has been examined using a finite element model.
Abstract: The effect of weld filler metal austenite to acicular ferrite transformation temperature on the residual stresses that arise during the gas metal arc welding of a low carbon steel has been examined using a finite element model. It was found that the stress levels in the weld can be tailored by the appropriate selection of the filler metal and compressive, near zero or tensile residual stresses produced. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the model and the stresses measured using neutron diffraction both in welds using conventional and low transformation temperature filler metal.
TL;DR: In this article, the melting process was carried out at 200 rpm rotating speed by graphite impeller for 15 min and the prepared composite plates were welded by gas welding with Al-Si-base filler metal.
Abstract: In this study, aluminum (Al-6070)/alumina (Al2O3) and Al-6070/graphite (Gr)-reinforced metal—matrix composites (MMCs) are fabricated by melt-stirring technique. The MMC bars and plates are prepared with varying the reinforced particles volume fraction ranging from 5% to 15%. The average reinforced particle sizes of alumina (Al 2O3) and graphite (Grp) are 23 and 53 μm, respectively. The stirring process was carried out at 200 rpm rotating speed by graphite impeller for 15 min. The microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated on prepared MMCs. It was observed that the hardness of the composite is increased with the increase in reinforced particle volume fraction. Both tensile strength and impact strength are decreased with increase in reinforced volume fraction. The prepared composite plates are welded by gas welding with Al—Si-base filler metal. Rockwell hardness test was conducted and the test result was presented for un-welded and welded zones.
Patent•
10 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a welding method for welding workpieces made of highly heat-resistant superalloys is provided, which includes generating a heat input zone on the workpiece surface by means of a heat source, feeding welding filler material into the heat input area by a feeding device, and generating a relative motion between the heat source and the feeding device on one hand and the work piece surface on the other hand by a conveying device.
Abstract: A welding method for welding workpieces made of highly heat-resistant superalloys is provided. The method includes generating a heat input zone on the workpiece surface by means of a heat source, feeding welding filler material into the heat input zone by means of a feeding device, and generating a relative motion between the heat source and the feeding device on one hand and the workpiece surface on the other hand by means of a conveying device. Furthermore, according to the welding method, the mass feed rate is ≦350 mg/min.
TL;DR: In this paper, a dissimilar weld between HSLA Steel and Superduplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) was evaluated using a 60-deg and 90-deg single-V groove test specimens in order to observe the effect of the weld pass.
TL;DR: In this paper, a vacuum brazing of 304 stainless steel plate-fin structures with nickel-based BNi-2 filler metal was investigated, aiming to obtain the optimal holding time.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the wetting and interfacial reactivity in Cu-Si brazing alloy/Zn-coated steel systems in order to identify how the coating influences the wettability and, consequently, the brazability of steel products.
Abstract: Laser brazing is an effective process for joining of steel products widely applied in automobile industry on exposed parts, especially on two following targeted applications: roofs and hatchbacks. The obtaining of good quality joints requires an adequate understanding of interaction phenomena of the brazing filler with the steel surface. This study concerns the investigation of wetting and interfacial reactivity in Cu–Si brazing alloy/Zn-coated steel systems in order to identify how the coating influences the wettability and, consequently, the brazability of steel products. The wetting experiments are performed on hot-dip-galvanized and electro-galvanized coatings, as well as on bare steel. The morphology and chemistry of interfacial reaction products are characterized by SEM-FEG and X-microanalysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of filler metal thickness on tensile strength for a stainless steel plate-fin structure by finite element method and experiment was presented, and the results showed that the fillers' thickness has a great effect on the strength of the structure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the two-dimensional thermal elasto-plastic analysis to understand and clarify the mechanical phenomena of thermal ELP behavior on the hybrid welded butt joints.
Patent•
29 Jun 2010TL;DR: In this paper, a laser beam irradiation head has been employed for laser narrow groove welding which performs welding scanning a laserbeam in the welding direction while feeding a solid filler metal into a narrow groove.
Abstract: A welding apparatus and a welding method are employed for laser narrow groove welding which performs welding scanning a laser beam in the welding direction while feeding a solid filler metal into a narrow groove. The welding apparatus includes a laser beam irradiation head having a mechanism periodically oscillating an irradiation point of the laser beam with a predetermined amplitude in the bottom of the groove, and a filler metal control device having a solid filler metal feeder feeding the solid filler metal to the molten pool formed in the bottom of the groove by the laser beam and adjusting the feeding position independent of a motion of the laser beam irradiation head so that the tip position of the solid filler metal detected is constantly positioned in the center of the groove.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical elasto-plastic thermomechanical model has been developed for predicting the thermal history and resulting angular distortions of submerged arc welded double-sided fillet joints.
Abstract: Distortions occur in almost every arc welded joint. The nature of the created distortion depends on several parameters including the welding speed, plate thickness, welding current, voltage, and restraints applied to the job. The distortions and thermal history of a joint can be measured experimentally but the measurement procedure may be costly and time-consuming. In the present work a numerical elasto-plastic thermomechanical model has been developed for predicting the thermal history and resulting angular distortions of submerged arc welded double-sided fillet joints. A moving distributed heat source was used in the finite element modelling of the double-sided fillet welding to create a realistic simulation of the process. The effect of filler metal deposition was taken into account by implementing a birth-and-death process for the elements. The transient temperature distributions were predicted using temperature-dependent material properties. The angular distortion profiles were predicted base...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of silver coating on the electrical resistivity of ECAs just after curing and after reliability tests was investigated, and it was found that the ECA using silver-coated copper filler was much lower and more stable than that of ECA using pure copper filler.
Abstract: Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are usually composed of conductive metal fillers and polymeric resin. For the metals fillers, silver is the most commonly used due to its high electrical and thermal conductivities, and chemical stability. Recently copper can be a promising candidate for conductive filler metal due to its low resistivity, low cost and good electro-migration performance. In this study, to overcome the problem of high electrical resistance associated with the oxidation of copper, copper particles were coated with silver, and the silver-coated copper was tested as a filler metal. In particular, the effect of silver coating on the electrical resistivity of ECAs just after curing and after reliability tests was investigated. It was found that the electrical resistivity of ECA using silver-coated copper filler was much lower and more stable than that of ECA using pure copper filler after curing and after reliability tests.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the fusion welding processes used in aluminium welding and further progress by analysing in detail the characteristics of laser welding of aluminium laser sources for welding are available for a few decades but new concepts are coming to the market The chapter addresses the most commonly used lasers for materials processing, CO2 and Nd-YAG (neodymium-yttrim aluminium garnet) and their interaction with aluminium alloys in welding applications.
Abstract: This chapter starts with an overview of the fusion welding processes used in aluminium welding and further progresses by analysing in detail the characteristics of laser welding of aluminium Laser sources for welding are available for a few decades but new concepts are coming to the market The chapter addresses the most commonly used lasers for materials processing, CO2 and Nd-YAG (neodymium–yttrim aluminium garnet) and their interaction with aluminium alloys in welding applications More recent laser types are also included, namely fibre lasers and disc lasers as, though only more recently available in the market, their potential is foreseen as being interesting for welding of aluminium Hybrid laser MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding has proven to lead to good results in welding aluminium plates namely for long seam welding
TL;DR: In this paper, five laser-based welding techniques are compared for their gap bridging capabilities: single-spot laser welding, twin-spot welding, single spot laser welding with cold wire feeding, single-Spot laser welding without filler wire and laser/GMA hybrid welding, where the results show that the use of a filler wire is indispensable to increase the gap tolerance.
Abstract: Laser welding has a large potential for the production of tailor welded blanks in the automotive industry, due to the low heat input and deep penetration. However, due to the small laser spot and melt pool, laser-based welding processes in general have a low tolerance for seam gaps. In this paper, five laser-based welding techniques are compared for their gap bridging capabilities: single-spot laser welding, twin-spot laser welding, single-spot laser welding with cold wire feeding, twin-spot laser welding with cold wire feeding and laser/GMA hybrid welding. Welding experiments were performed on 1.1- and 2.1-mm-thick AA5182 aluminium sheets. The resulting welds were evaluated using visual inspection, cross sectional analysis with optical microscopy, tensile tests and Erichsen Cupping tests. The results show that the use of a filler wire is indispensable to increase the gap tolerance. A proper alignment of this wire with the laser spot(s) is crucial. With the single spot laser welding with cold wire feeding, a gap up to 0.6 mm could be bridged as opposed to a maximum allowable gap width of 0.2 mm for single-spot laser welding without filler wire. For 2.1-mm-thick sheets, the laser/GMA hybrid welding process can bridge even gaps up to 1.0 mm. Most welds had a high tensile strength. However, during Erichsen Cupping tests, the deformation of the welds is significantly lower as compared to the base material
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of varying indium content on melting temperatures and brazeability of Ag-Cu-In alloys on copper was ascertained in an attempt to develop cadmium-free silver brazing filler metals.