Showing papers on "Film temperature published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented solution methods of convective heat transfer problems which take into account heat propagation in the solid in contact with a moving fluid, referred to as the solution of conjugated problems.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the deviation of the sea surface temperature from the water temperature below is calculated as a function of the heat flow through the air-sea interface, using wind tunnel determinations of the effective thermal diffusivity in a boundary layer.
Abstract: The deviation of the sea surface temperature from the water temperature below is calculated as a function of the heat flow through the air-sea interface, using wind tunnel determinations of the effective thermal diffusivity in a boundary layer. The influence ofQ, shortwave radiation, andH, latent and sensible heat transfer plus effective back radiation, and U, wind speed, can be described by:T0 −Tw =C1 ·H/U +C2 ·Q/U. The calculated coefficients vary slightly with reference depth, Tables II and III. They are in good agreement with independent observations.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured experimentally forced convection heat transfer coefficients, over a wide range of operating conditions, for supercritical helium flowing in a small diameter straight tube, and determined a correlation that could be used to predict the heat transfer coefficient with accuracy sufficient for engineering calculations.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite-difference solution using a combination of line iterative method and boundary vorticity method is presented for the hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed laminar forced convection in curved pipes subjected to the thermal boundary conditions of axially uniform wall heat flux and peripherally uniform wall temperature at any axial position.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite difference solution for a scalar boundary layer under the influence of a harmonic oscillation in the velocity field is proposed, where the principal assumptions used in the calculations are that the fluctuating scalar field is described by a linearized form of the conservation equation and that the velocity varies linearly with distance from the wall.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the solutions of the energy equation which satisfy certain fundamental boundary conditions, and these fundamental solutions can be superposed to satisfy a wide variety of boundary conditions.
63 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that surface roughness has a particular effect on forced convection heat transfer to supercritical fluid and that the wall temperature profiles obtained in the experiments and also in those of previous investigators can be explained fairly well by the theory assuming normal mode turbulent convection.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the axial dispersion coefficient is calculated from the standard deviation of the residence time distribution curve, and the apparent decrease in heat transfer coefficient due to this effect can be calculated.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, combined free and forced convection heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder to a transverse flow is analyzed for the case when the forced flow is either in the direction of the free convection flow (parallel flow) or in the opposite to it (counter flow), and a coordinate perturbation method is used to transform the governing set of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations.
Abstract: Combined free and forced convection heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder to a transverse flow is analysed for the case when the forced flow is either in the direction of the free convection flow (parallel flow) or in the direction opposite to it (counter flow). The problem is solved for two cases: (1) a specified surface temperature variation and (2) a specified wall heat flux variation along the circumference. A coordinate perturbation method is used to transform the governing set of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are solved by numerical methods. The numerical work is done for the boundary conditions of constant surface temperature and constant wall heat flux. The variation of local heat transfer coefficient and wall shear stress along the circumference up to the point of separation and velocity and temperature profiles in the boundary layer are obtained for varying values of the governing parameters Gr/Re 2 in the constant temperature case (or Gr/Re 2 in the constant heat flux case) and Pr.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple relation, based on the Prndtl mixing length theory, is proposed for the variation of the turbulent Prandtl number within the viscous layer, which gives temperature distributions that are in good agreement with the experimental data in the region of constant shear stress.
Abstract: : Experimental investigations of total temperature and Mach number distributions in turbulent boundary layers have been performed in the Mach number range from 1.75 to 4.5, using a newly developed combined temperature and pressure probe. The measurements carried out so far have been used to reanalyze the process of heat transport by calculating the turbulent Prandtl number distribution throughout the boundary layer. The results show an increase of the turbulent Prandtl number close to the surface, thus indicating that the turbulent transport of heat decreases more rapidly towards the wall than the turbulent transport of momentum. A simple relation, based on the Prndtl mixing length theory, is proposed for the variation of the turbulent Prandtl number within the viscous layer. This relation gives temperature distributions that are in good agreement with the experimental data in the region of constant shear stress. (Author)
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified geometric model which allows for flux line bending in the solid phase was used to analyse experimental measurements for heat transfer in a stagnant bed of inert alumina-silicate balls over the temperature range 20 − 750°C.
TL;DR: In this article, a variational principle based on the integro-differential form of the linearised Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck equation was used to evaluate the heat conducted through a polyatomic gas between parallel plates.
TL;DR: In this article, the steady heat transfer across laminar, incompressible, constant property boundary layers over wedges with a step discontinuity in surface temperature is investigated, and a tabulation of such functions is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental results for heat transfer to the forward stagnation point of a hemispherical-nosed probe are compared with those calculated, assuming that recombination reactions of dissociated species are frozen in the boundary layer and the surface is noncatalytic.
TL;DR: In this paper, a widely applicable solution for convective mass or heat transfer in concentrated assemblages of spherical drops, bubbles or solid particles has been obtained by employing the methods of the boundary layer theory.
TL;DR: Turbulent boundary layer and heat transfer measurements along cooled conical convergent- divergent nozzle were performed in this paper, showing that the boundary layer of a cooling conical converter convergent divergent-dual nozzle can transfer heat efficiently.
Abstract: Turbulent boundary layer and heat transfer measurements along cooled conical convergent- divergent nozzle
01 Aug 1971
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation of the local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer downstream of injection of air through discrete holes into a turbulent boundary layer of air on a flat plate is reported.
Abstract: An experimental investigation of the local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer downstream of injection of air through discrete holes into a turbulent boundary layer of air on a flat plate is reported. Secondary air is injected through a single hole normal to the main flow and through both a single hole and a row of holes spaced at three diameter intervals with an injection angle of 35 deg to the main flow. Two values of the mainstream Reynolds number are used; the blowing rate is varied from 0.1 to 2.0. Photographs of a carbon dioxide-water fog injected into the main flow at an angle of 90 deg are also presented to show interaction between the jet and mainstream.
TL;DR: In this article, the finite element method of solution to a partial differential equation, and the associated numerical procedure, are outlined and applied to a convection heat transfer problem, which consists of determining the temperature distribution and the axial variation of the local Nusselt number for a fluid of constant physical properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the temperature profile in nonporous anodic oxide films on tantalum during their formation, with the thickness of the metal substrate taken into consideration, is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, the forced convection laminar boundary layer involving a two component gas with dispersed liquid particles over a dry isothermal surface is studied analytically and experimentally.
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Nozzle wall hypersonic boundary layers in helium tunnel, presenting skin friction measurements and heat transfer rates as discussed by the authors, showing skin heat transfer rate and skin friction measurement in the helium tunnel.
Abstract: Nozzle wall hypersonic boundary layers in helium tunnel, presenting skin friction measurements and heat transfer rates
TL;DR: In this article, heat transfer measurements in a differentially heated annulus of fluid for both the non-rotating and rotating cases are given, where the upper surface of the fluid is free.
Abstract: Results of heat transfer measurements in a differentially heated annulus of fluid for both the non-rotating and rotating cases are given. (In the latter case the flow is in the upper symmetric regime.) In all cases the upper surface of the fluid is free. The non-rotating heat transfer is essentially the same as that of vertical slot convection, whereas rotation modifies the heat transfer; the resulting main effects appear to be exerted through a decrease in the Ekman layer thickness.
TL;DR: The behavior of laminar free-convection boundary layers at large Prandtl number is considered in this paper, where plane and axisymmetric flow and heat transfer quantities are expressed in terms of expansions within an inner and an outer layer, both of which lie inside the viscous layer.
Abstract: The behavior of laminar free-convection boundary layers at large Prandtl number is considered. Plane and axisymmetric flows are treated simultaneously in terms of a unified formulation. Flow and heat-transfer quantities are expressed in terms of expansions within an inner and an outer layer, both of which lie inside the Prandtl's viscous layer. The first two approximations are given in general and the first three approximation for self-similar flows. The inner solutions provide information on skin friction and heat transfer, whereas the outer solutions determine the mass flow rate induced by buoyancy. Numerical results are given for the selfsimilar flows.
TL;DR: In this article, a model for substrate surface coverage as a function of time during growth is proposed, and it is shown that when a metal film is deposited on substrates of high emissivity, a plot of film temperature vs time displays a maximum which can be related to deposition rate.
Abstract: A theory has been developed to determine the temperature of a thin film during its growth by physical vapor deposition in vacuo from a resistance‐heated source. Three sources of heat which contribute to the film temperature are radiation losses from the source, kinetic equilibration of the condensing vapor stream, and condensation of the evaporant. By assuming planar substrate geometry, the heat equation was solved for the case in which the bottom of the substrate was held at constant temperature and the top surface was subjected to the heat flux described above. Solutions of the heat equation were obtained with the aid of an analog computer constructed during the course of the investigation. By proposing a model for substrate surface coverage as a function of time during growth, it is shown that when a metal film is deposited on substrates of high emissivity, a plot of film temperature vs time displays a maximum which can be related to deposition rate.