Showing papers on "Hydrothermal carbonization published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper, the main differences and gaps found between HTL and HTC in terms of operation parameters, technical issues, and main products are discussed and a review of the environmental sustainability and economic implications of these techniques are presented.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the main differences and gaps found between HTL and HTC in terms of operation parameters, technical issues, and main products are discussed and a review of the environmental sustainability and economic implications of these techniques are presented.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the synthesis, characterization and application of microalgal-based biochar in wastewater and examine the adsorption capacity and efficiency of biochar derived from different microalgae species.
Abstract: Microalgae are drawing attentions among researchers for their biorefinery use or value-added products. The high production rate of biomasses produced are attractive for conversion into volatile biochar. Torrefaction, pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization are the recommended thermochemical conversion techniques that could produce microalgal-based biochar with desirable physiochemical properties such as high surface area and pore volume, abundant surface functional groups, as well as functionality such as high adsorption capacity. The characterizations of the biochar significantly influence the mechanisms in adsorption of pollutants from wastewaters. Specific adsorption of the organic and inorganic pollutants from the effluent are reviewed to examine the adsorption capacity and efficiency of biochar derived from different microalgae species. Last but not least, future remarks over the challenges and improvements are discussed accordingly. Overall, this review would discuss the synthesis, characterization and application of the microalgal-based biochar in wastewater.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the synthesis, characterization and application of microalgal-based biochar in wastewater and examine the adsorption capacity and efficiency of biochar derived from different microalgae species.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors comprehensively reviewed the key mechanisms of co-HTC to prepare solid fuels, and reviewed the development process and practical application of hydrothermal technology.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , biomass-derived carbon (BDC) from glucose is coated on the surface of folded and stacked WS2 nanosheets, forming WS2@BDC via a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing carbonization.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used catalytic co-HTC of FWD with wet lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wet yard waste; YW) for bioenergy application and resource recovery from the process water.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the technical mechanisms, application advantages, and economic benefits of hydrothermal carbonization and propose potential directions for future studies to establish an efficient and clean mode of utilization for sustainable industrial development in the near future.
Abstract: A variety of organic waste originating from industrial activities are increasingly accumulating worldwide, especially in developed regions; however, organic waste can potentially be utilized for energy reuse via hydrothermal carbonization. This carbonization is an artificial process that simulates the natural coalification of biomass under moderate conditions and can convert organic waste from harmful to valuable species. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of hydrothermal carbonization, highlighting the current knowledge regarding the technical mechanisms, application advantages, and economic benefits. First, the processing parameters, chemical reactions and carbonization mechanisms mentioned in the recently published literature are extensively discussed. Then, the advantages of hydrothermal carbonization when applied to the derived hydrochar for use as an intermediate feedstock via thermal utilization (e.g., combustion, pyrolysis, or gasification) are detailed. Typical merits related to the upgrading efficiency, environmental safety, and economic benefits are elaborated by summarizing a number of laboratory experiments and large-scale performance tests. Additionally, novel techniques for improving the efficiency of carbonization are described for reference. Finally, potential directions for future studies to establish an efficient and clean mode of utilization, which is important for sustainable industrial development in the near future, are classified and prioritized.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the technical mechanisms, application advantages, and economic benefits of hydrothermal carbonization and propose potential directions for future studies to establish an efficient and clean mode of utilization for sustainable industrial development in the near future.
Abstract: A variety of organic waste originating from industrial activities are increasingly accumulating worldwide, especially in developed regions; however, organic waste can potentially be utilized for energy reuse via hydrothermal carbonization. This carbonization is an artificial process that simulates the natural coalification of biomass under moderate conditions and can convert organic waste from harmful to valuable species. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of hydrothermal carbonization, highlighting the current knowledge regarding the technical mechanisms, application advantages, and economic benefits. First, the processing parameters, chemical reactions and carbonization mechanisms mentioned in the recently published literature are extensively discussed. Then, the advantages of hydrothermal carbonization when applied to the derived hydrochar for use as an intermediate feedstock via thermal utilization (e.g., combustion, pyrolysis, or gasification) are detailed. Typical merits related to the upgrading efficiency, environmental safety, and economic benefits are elaborated by summarizing a number of laboratory experiments and large-scale performance tests. Additionally, novel techniques for improving the efficiency of carbonization are described for reference. Finally, potential directions for future studies to establish an efficient and clean mode of utilization, which is important for sustainable industrial development in the near future, are classified and prioritized.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a decoupled temperature and pressure hydrothermal system was developed to heat the cellulose at a constant pressure, thus lowering the degradation temperature of cellulose significantly and enabling the fast production of carbon sub-micron spheres.
Abstract: Abstract The temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal process occurring in a batch reactor are typically coupled. Herein, we develop a decoupled temperature and pressure hydrothermal system that can heat the cellulose at a constant pressure, thus lowering the degradation temperature of cellulose significantly and enabling the fast production of carbon sub-micron spheres. Carbon sub-micron spheres can be produced without any isothermal time, much faster compared to the conventional hydrothermal process. High-pressure water can help to cleave the hydrogen bonds in cellulose and facilitate dehydration reactions, thus promoting cellulose carbonization at low temperatures. A life cycle assessment based on a conceptual biorefinery design reveals that this technology leads to a substantial reduction in carbon emissions when hydrochar replacing fuel or used for soil amendment. Overall, the decoupled temperature and pressure hydrothermal treatment in this study provides a promising method to produce sustainable carbon materials from cellulose with a carbon-negative effect.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the process carried out on sludge is presented, which is a thermochemical conversion process that is used as an opportunity to convert biomass and organic waste in the presence of water into solid biofuel, liquid, and gaseous products.
Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermochemical conversion process that is used as an opportunity to convert biomass and organic waste in the presence of water into solid biofuel, liquid, and gaseous products. It is a low-energy alternative for transforming waste of different origins: sewage sludge, lignocellulosic biomass, algae and other types of waste. This paper reviews the process carried out on sludge. The properties of the resulting products depend on the process parameters, which include residence time of reaction, pH, water content and temperature. The correct adjustment of parameters is very important and has a significant impact on the properties of hydrothermal products, offering different possibilities for various applications of products in their respective fields. The influence of the process parameters, the characteristics of the liquid and solid products and use of products, mostly hydrochar, are widely discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the process carried out on sludge is presented, where the influence of the parameters, the characteristics of the liquid and solid products and use of products, mostly hydrochar, are widely discussed.
Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermochemical conversion process that is used as an opportunity to convert biomass and organic waste in the presence of water into solid biofuel, liquid, and gaseous products. It is a low-energy alternative for transforming waste of different origins: sewage sludge, lignocellulosic biomass, algae and other types of waste. This paper reviews the process carried out on sludge. The properties of the resulting products depend on the process parameters, which include residence time of reaction, pH, water content and temperature. The correct adjustment of parameters is very important and has a significant impact on the properties of hydrothermal products, offering different possibilities for various applications of products in their respective fields. The influence of the process parameters, the characteristics of the liquid and solid products and use of products, mostly hydrochar, are widely discussed. • Hydrothermal carbonization is effective in the disinfection of sewage sludge. • Major factors: temperature, residence time, water to feedstock ratio, pH, pressure. • Carbonaceous, brittle, hydrophobic hydrochar is favourable in energy application. • Hydrochar has adsorbent features as a potential soil improver or fertilizer. • Processing water treatment: biogas or microalgae culture medium, liquid fertilizer.
TL;DR: In this paper , a two-stage energy recovery process by integrating hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was used for household kitchen waste treatment.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors highlight the production of hydrochars from dry and wet feedstocks and summarizes the physicochemical properties including surface structure, porosity, nutrient content, and stability.
TL;DR: A biochar derived from brown algal Ascophyllum nodosum was synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization coupling with ZnCl2 chemical activation and applied as a sustainable adsorbent for antibiotic removal from water exemplified by ciprofloxacin (CIP) as mentioned in this paper .
TL;DR: In this paper, a Pd-loaded N-doped carbon catalyst (ACNpd) for phenol hydrogenation was prepared from chitosan by hydrothermal carbonization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on utilizing hydrochar and biochar synthesized from waste biomass, respectively, through hydrothermal carbonization and slow pyrolysis to mitigate phosphorus concentration and potential strategies for handling the spent char.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discussed the influence of aqueous phase properties on the hydrochar properties of activated sewage sludge (SS), especially using the recirculation process.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on utilizing hydrochar and biochar synthesized from waste biomass, respectively, through hydrothermal carbonization and slow pyrolysis to mitigate phosphorus concentration and potential strategies for handling the spent char.
TL;DR: In this article , a 1.1 M glucose solution was hydrothermally carbonized over several operating conditions (180 −270 °C and 0 −8 h) with analysis of the solid and liquid phases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the co-hydrothermal treatment of pomelo peel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under citric acid solvent at 220°C was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper , the critical role of hydrothermal pre-treatment in regulating the structure for an optimized performance of hard carbon anodes is elucidated, while revealing the sodium ion storage mechanism using electrochemical kinetic calculations, advanced characterization and multi-scale modeling.
Abstract: Sodium‐ion batteries as a prospective alternative to lithium‐ion batteries are facing the challenge of developing high‐performance, low‐cost and sustainable anode materials. Hard carbons are appropriate to store sodium ions, but major energy and environmental concerns during their fabrication process (i.e., high‐temperature carbonization) have not been properly assessed. Furthermore, the rational design of high‐performing hard carbon anodes is usually limited by the conventional direct carbonization of organic precursors. Here, the hydrothermal carbonization process is employed as a versatile pre‐treatment method of renewable precursors, followed by high‐temperature carbonization, for producing advanced hard carbon anodes. The critical role of hydrothermal pre‐treatment in regulating the structure for an optimized performance of hard carbon anodes is elucidated, while revealing the sodium‐ion storage mechanism using electrochemical kinetic calculations, advanced characterization and multi‐scale modeling. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of hydrothermal pre‐treatment and subsequent carbonization are evaluated using life cycle assessment compared to direct carbonization. By comparing hard carbon anodes with and without the hydrothermal pre‐treatment, it is verified that the additional hydrothermal process is responsible for enhanced electrochemical performance, increased carbon yields and reduced carbon emissions. The work provides a systematic understanding of functions and energy consumptions of hydrothermal systems to achieve next‐generation sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.
TL;DR: In this article , several representative carbonaceous materials (e.g., activated carbons, coal-derived and polymer-derived carbons) as CO2 adsorbents are discussed comprehensively, including the carbonization and modification process.
TL;DR: In this paper , a co-hydrothermal treatment of pomelo peel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under citric acid solvent at 220 °C was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel strategy of combining acid pretreatment and co-hydrothermal carbonization was developed to prepare value-added hydrochar from food waste digestate.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of lipid extraction of microalgae feedstocks subjected to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with regard to the carbonization degree, chemical composition and phytotoxicity of hydrochars produced under different reaction temperatures and residence times was investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, solid char fuel (hydrochar) was obtained through co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge with pinewood sawdust (PS), and methane gas was obtained via anaerobic digestion (AD) of Hydrothermal Carbonization wastewater (HTCWW).
TL;DR: In this article , solid char fuel (hydrochar) was obtained through co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge (SS) with pinewood sawdust (PS), and methane gas was extracted through anaerobic digestion (AD) of Hydrothermal Carbonization wastewater (HTCWW).
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated and presented the preparation, characterization, and, most importantly, the environmental application of biochar in a comprehensive way, including soil remediation and enhancement, carbon sequestration, organic solid waste composting, water and wastewater decontamination, catalyst and activator, electrode materials, and electrode modifier.
Abstract: Biochar is an incredibly rich source of carbon formed through biomass's thermal decomposition. There is a rise of interest in employing biochar derived from biomass in various disciplines to address the most significant environmental challenges. This article evaluated and presented the preparation, characterization, and, most importantly, the environmental application of biochar in a comprehensive way. Process parameters are primarily responsible for determining biomass production. The physicochemical properties of biochar vary according to the type of biomass used. The development of biochar utilizing a variety of different approaches has been discussed. Biochar is typically prepared through pyrolysis, gasification, or hydrothermal carbonization. Biochar has been used in various applications, including soil remediation and enhancement, carbon sequestration, organic solid waste composting, water and wastewater decontamination, catalyst and activator, electrode materials, and electrode modifier. In summary, biochar has a vast number of possible uses in environmental reduction and the mechanism by which its performances should be further investigated.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed the potential biomass wastes, the characterization and environmental utilization of hydrochar, and the biorefinery potential of this process, and provided the best applications for this material.