Showing papers on "Offset (computer science) published in 2010"

Optimizing the noise versus bias trade-off for Illumina whole genome expression BeadChips

Abstract: Five strategies for pre-processing intensities from Illumina expression BeadChips are assessed from the point of view of precision and bias. The strategies include a popular variance stabilizing transformation and model-based background corrections that either use or ignore the control probes. Four calibration data sets are used to evaluate precision, bias and false discovery rate (FDR). The original algorithms are shown to have operating characteristics that are not easily comparable. Some tend to minimize noise while others minimize bias. Each original algorithm is shown to have an innate intensity offset, by which unlogged intensities are bounded away from zero, and the size of this offset determines its position on the noise–bias spectrum. By adding extra offsets, a continuum of related algorithms with different noise–bias trade-offs is generated, allowing direct comparison of the performance of the strategies on equivalent terms. Adding a positive offset is shown to decrease the FDR of each original algorithm. The potential of each strategy to generate an algorithm with an optimal noise–bias trade-off is explored by finding the offset that minimizes its FDR. The use of control probes as part of the background correction and normalization strategy is shown to achieve the lowest FDR for a given bias.

Flow measurement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a multi-centre multi-vendor study of background phase offset errors that can compromise the accuracy of derived regurgitant or shunt flow measurements

Abstract: Aims: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows non-invasive phase contrast measurements of flow through planes transecting large vessels. However, some clinically valuable applications are highly sensitive to errors caused by small offsets of measured velocities if these are not adequately corrected, for example by the use of static tissue or static phantom correction of the offset error. We studied the severity of uncorrected velocity offset errors across sites and CMR systems. Methods and Results: In a multi-centre, multi-vendor study, breath-hold through-plane retrospectively ECG-gated phase contrast acquisitions, as are used clinically for aortic and pulmonary flow measurement, were applied to static gelatin phantoms in twelve 1.5 T CMR systems, using a velocity encoding range of 150 cm/s. No postprocessing corrections of offsets were implemented. The greatest uncorrected velocity offset, taken as an average over a ‘great vessel’ region (30 mm diameter) located up to 70 mm in-plane distance from the magnet isocenter, ranged from 0.4 cm/s to 4.9 cm/s. It averaged 2.7 cm/s over all the planes and systems. By theoretical calculation, a velocity offset error of 0.6 cm/s (representing just 0.4% of a 150 cm/s velocity encoding range) is barely acceptable, potentially causing about 5% miscalculation of cardiac output and up to 10% error in shunt measurement. Conclusion: In the absence of hardware or software upgrades able to reduce phase offset errors, all the systems tested appeared to require post-acquisition correction to achieve consistently reliable breath-hold measurements of flow. The effectiveness of offset correction software will still need testing with respect to clinical flow acquisitions.

Systems and methods for correcting images in a multi-sensor system

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein are directed to multi-sensor imaging systems for imaging scenes. In particular, the systems and methods described herein are directed to multi-sensor panoramic imaging systems having cameras with lenses offset from their respective sensors. By orienting sensors and lenses in the imaging system such that their optical axes are offset from one another, images may be captured by multiple sensors and stitched together with relatively little image processing and/or data interpolation.

Storage device and virtual device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable adjusting a storage capacity needed for managing the correspondence of a logical extent and a physical extent in a virtual logical disk technique. SOLUTION: A configuration information management part 217 determines a switching object logical extent, a switching object physical extent, a reference physical extent and a switching destination physical extent. The configuration information management part 217 reads data stored in the switching object physical extent. The configuration information management part 217 writes the read data to the switching destination physical extent. The configuration information management part 217 registers an extent offset to a logical extent management table 213. The configuration information management part 217 registers a physical extent identifier for identifying the reference physical extent in the logical extent management table 213. The configuration information management part 217 eliminates an entry pertinent to the switching destination physical extent from a physical extent management table 214. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Stochastic Flash Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Abstract: A stochastic flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. A standard flash uses a resistor string to set individual comparator trip points. A stochastic flash ADC uses random comparator offset to set the trip points. Since the comparators are no longer sized for small offset, they can be shrunk down into digital cells. Using comparators that are implemented as digital cells produces a large variation of comparator offset. Typically, this is considered a disadvantage, but in our case, this large standard deviation of offset is used to set the input signal range. By designing an ADC that is made up entirely of digital cells, it is a natural candidate for a synthesizable ADC. Comparator trip points follow the nonlinear transfer function described by a Gaussian cumulative distribution function, and a technique is presented that reduces this nonlinearity by changing the overall transfer function of the stochastic flash ADC. A test chip is fabricated in 0.18- CMOS to demonstrate the concept.

Method and apparatus for providing channel state reporting

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing channel state reporting. An approach is provided for optimizing the timing scheme for channel state reporting. A platform determines an offset value for each of a plurality of user equipment. The offset value relates to timing between a channel state measurement point and a corresponding point for reporting of the channel state measurement. The platform further initiates signaling of the offset values to the respective user equipment.

Coordination of vehicle movement in a field

Abstract: The present invention provides for a first vehicle (406) and a number of other vehicles (408) that are moved on a number of paths (412, 416) that are substantially parallel to, and offset to at least one of a first offset side and a second offset side of, the path (430) for the first vehicle (406). The number of other vehicles (408) is moved along at least a portion (444) of the path (430) in the turn in response to a turn in the path (430) of the first vehicle (406). The number of other vehicles (408) may be moved from the path (430) to a number of second parallel paths (412, 416) that are substantially parallel to the path (430) after the turn of the first vehicle (406) and offset to an opposite offset side of the first vehicle (406) than the at least one offset side before the turn in response to the first vehicle (406) completing the turn.

Variable offset positioning antenna array for enhanced guidance of automated guided vehicles (AGVS)

Abstract: A Variable Offset Positioning Antenna Array for Enhanced Guidance of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in automated warehousing or storage systems for automobiles or the like, includes two or more inductor coils producing output as a result of interaction with a guidance wire located in or near the surface of the floor which is energized by a frequency generator, and an on board programmable microprocessor which processes the coil output to determine an exact position of the antenna array relative to the guidance wire. In one embodiment, the antenna array enables an AGV to follow a guidance wire at an offset to the direction of travel in order to allow automated storage and retrieval systems to handle asymmetrical items, such as automobiles, more efficiently and cost effectively by decreasing the building space required for travel aisles, vertical conveyors and storage locations as well as decreasing total individual item processing time.

Offset protection data in a RAID array

Abstract: A system and method for offset protection data in a RAID array. A computer system comprises client computers and data storage arrays coupled to one another via a network. A data storage array utilizes solid-state drives and Flash memory cells for data storage. A storage controller within a data storage array is configured to store user data in a first page of a first storage device of the plurality of storage devices; generate intra-device protection data corresponding to the user data, and store the intra-device protection data at a first offset within the first page. The controller is further configured to generate inter-device protection data corresponding to the first page, and store the inter-device protection data at a second offset within a second page in a second storage device of the plurality of storage devices, wherein the first offset is different from the second offset.

Determination of Ideal Offset for Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract: A key design parameter in spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is the choice of offset distance between the illumination and collection areas To investigate this choice, we performed SORS measurements on a simple two-layer chemical phantom We show that while the SORS ratio, or the ratio of signal from the bottom layer to the top layer, monotonically increases with spatial offset, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) does not Specifically, we show that there exists a specific spatial offset that yields the best SNR for signal originating in the bottom layer of a two-layer sample We also show that this SNR-optimal offset depends upon the strength of the particular Raman band This work presents the considerations that should be taken into account when designing optical probes for use in SORS

Adaptive-Normalized/Offset Min-Sum Algorithm

Abstract: An adaptive-normalized/offset min-sum (AN-/AO-MS) algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed. Unlike the normalized/offset min-sum (NMS/OMS) algorithm, the normalization/offset factor is adaptively adjusted according to the state of check nodes in each iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed AN-/AO-MS algorithm can perform better than the NMS/OMS algorithm while still preserving the low complexity of the min-sum algorithm.

Recording medium, playback device, encoding device, integrated circuit, and playback output device

Abstract: A main-view and sub-view video stream pair, a graphics stream, and playlist information are recorded on a BD-ROM disc. In the sub-view video stream, metadata is provided in each GOP. The metadata includes a correspondence table associating offset identifiers and offset information. The offset information defines offset control for each picture in a GOP. Offset control is processing to provide a left offset and right offset for the horizontal coordinates in a graphics plane to generate a pair of graphics planes that are respectively combined with main-view and sub-view video planes. The playlist information includes a stream selection table for each playback section. When the stream selection table associates a stream number with a packet identifier of a graphics stream, one of the offset identifiers is allocated to the stream number.

Planning and Performing Drilling Operations

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to dynamically incorporating and economically validating drilling decisions. A computer system having a memory and central processing unit is provided and a knowledge store residing in the computer system is populated with data. The data may include surface drilling parameter data, bottomhole assembly data, bit records, measurement-while-chilling data, logging-while-drilling data, drilling event data, and lessons learned data. The data may be correlated data from one or more offset wells. One or more computerized static or dynamic contextual earth models are provided and used to dynamically incorporate and economically validate the drilling decisions. The one or more earth models can be updated in real-time.

Imprint alignment method, system, and template

Abstract: An improved lithographic alignment method, system, and template. The method includes creating, within a lithographic subfield, subsequent-layer features which are intentionally offset from their respective previous-layer features, where the intentional offset may vary in magnitude and direction from one subfield to the next. The system includes an imprint lithographic machine and first and second lithography templates where the templates are adapted to enable the machine to form first and second features, respectively, and where a second feature is configured to be deliberately offset from a corresponding first feature. The template set includes at least two templates, one having features which are deliberately offset from corresponding features of another template. Also, a method of manufacturing such a template set.

Calibrating multi-dimensional sensor for offset, sensitivity, and non-orthogonality

Abstract: A multi-dimensional sensor, a magnetometer or accelerometer, is calibrated based on the raw data provided by the sensor. Raw data is collected and may be used to generate ellipse or ellipsoid parameters, for a two-dimensional or three-dimensional sensor, respectively. An offset calibration factor is calculated based on the raw data, e.g., the determined ellipse or ellipsoid parameters. A sensitivity calibration factor is then calculated based on the offset calibration factor and the raw data. A non-orthogonality calibration factor can then be calculated based on the calculated offset and sensitivity calibration factors. Using the offset, sensitivity and non-orthogonality calibration factors, the raw data can be corrected to produce calibrated data.

Low complexity LDPC decoding

Abstract: A technique for low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding involves utilizing a fixed point implementation in order to reduce or eliminate reliance on floating point operations The fixed point implementation can be used to calculate check node extrinsic L-value as part of an LDPC decoder in an LDPC system The technique can include one or more of linear approximations, offset approximations, and node-limiting approximation A system constructed according to the technique implements one or more of linear approximations, offset approximations, and node-limiting approximation

Derivation of an Analytical Expression for the Power Coupling Coefficient for Offset Launch Into Multimode Fiber

Abstract: The demand for higher bandwidth in local area networks (LANs) has fuelled considerable research in techniques for mitigating modal dispersion in multimode fiber (MMF). These techniques include selective mode excitation, offset launching, angular multiplexing and electronic dispersion compensation, all of which strive to optimize the channel impulse response of a MMF. To obtain the optimal bandwidth-enhancement results from these techniques, knowledge of the distribution of power coupling coefficients given an arbitrary offset launch in a MMF is important. In this paper, an analytical expression for the power coupling coefficient for an incident Gaussian beam launched with a radial offset into a MMF having an infinite parabolic refractive index profile is derived. This expression is useful in understanding the parameters which may affect the power coupling coefficient and how they may enhance the MMF bandwidth. The power coupling coefficients obtained from the derived analytical expression are compared with numerical results and are in excellent agreement. The analytical expression may be extended to manufactured MMF.

Mandatory Adoption of IFRS and Analysts’ Forecasts Information Properties

Abstract: This study examines the properties of the information contained in analysts’ earnings forecasts for mandatory IFRS adopters in Europe for the period 2003-07. We find a significant increase in the precision of both public and private information after switching to IFRS, especially for forecasts pertaining to 2006 and later. However, we are unable to detect a change in the consensus among financial analysts after the mandatory adoption of IFRS. These results suggest that the higher percentage increase in the precision of common information is offset by a proportionate increase in the precision of private information such that consensus among analysts does not change. When exploring analyst-specific precision in more detail, we find that the analysts who are following firms in more than one European country experience the largest post-IFRS improvement in private information precision. These results hold after controlling for factors that are shown in prior research to be correlated with analysts’ information precision measures. Taken together, our results suggest that mandatory adoption of IFRS had a significant and positive effect on the information processing of financial analysts but this did not occur homogeneously across analysts.

Improvements to Digital Carrier Phase Recovery Algorithm for High-Performance Optical Coherent Receivers

Abstract: The Viterbi-and-Viterbi (V-V) algorithm is widely used to recover the carrier phase in optical digital coherent receivers. For simplicity, the basic V-V algorithm assumes constant carrier phase within the average duration. However, this basic assumption is probably violated by factors such as laser frequency offset and nonlinear XPM. In order to improve the basic V-V carrier phase recovery, five methods are introduced, verified, and analyzed. All these methods are compatible with parallel implementation that is mandatory for a realistic DSP circuit. The Q-improvement brought by each algorithm is analyzed together with the complexity of each. Among the five methods, the laser frequency offset compensation expands the tolerable frequency offset to 0.37 symbol rate, and the optimum weighted averaging in conjunction with normalization processing improves the Q-value by 2 dB under severe XPM condition.

Apparatuses, methods and systems for an environmental advertising, financing and management platform

Abstract: An advertising, financing and management platform (“ECO AD PLATFORM”) transforms pollution offset inputs via ECO AD PLATFORM components into carbon credit outputs. A pollution offset request may be obtained from a consumer for a specified environment-impacting activity. Environment-impacting activity parameters associated with the environment-impacting activity may be discerned. An environment impact purchase offset amount may be calculated using the discerned environment-impacting activity parameters. The calculated environment impact purchase offset amount may be provided to an offset paying target, and an offset payment may be obtained from the offset paying target.

Tuning of methods for offset free MPC based on ARX model representations

Abstract: In this paper we investigate model predictive control (MPC) based on ARX models. ARX models can be identified from data using convex optimization technologies and is linear in the system parameters. Compared to other model parameterizations this feature is an advantage in embedded applications for robust and automatic system identification. Standard MPC is not able to reject a sustained, unmeasured, non zero mean disturbance and will therefore not provide offset free tracking. Offset free tracking can be guaranteed for this type of disturbances if Δ variables are used or if the state space is extended with a disturbance model state. The relation between the base case and the two extended methods are illustrated which provides good understanding and a platform for discussing tuning for good closed loop performance.

Insertion of 3d objects in a stereoscopic image at relative depth

Abstract: Techniques for rendering at least one object into a stereoscopic image for a display device are provided. Perceptual depth data as a fraction of viewer distance for the object is received. This perceptual depth data can be normalized. A pixel separation offset for a particular display device is calculated from the perceptual depth data. Left and right eye images of the object are respectively inserted into the stereoscopic image with the pixel separation offset. For a specific embodiment, the object includes captioning to be inserted.

Recording medium, reproducing device, encoding device, integrated circuit, and reproduction output device

Abstract: A pair of main-view and sub-view video streams, a graphics stream, and playlist information are recorded on a BD-ROM disc. The sub-view video stream includes metadata arranged in each GOP. The metadata includes a correspondence table associating offset identifiers and offset information. The offset information defines offset control for each picture in a GOP. Offset control is processing to provide a left offset and right offset for the horizontal coordinates in a graphics plane to generate a pair of graphics planes that are respectively combined with main-view and sub-view video planes. The playlist information includes a stream selection table for each playback section. When the stream selection table associates a stream number with a packet identifier of a graphics stream, one of the offset identifiers is further allocated to the stream number.

An Adaptive Synthesis Calibration Method for Time-Interleaved Sampling Systems

Abstract: In a parallel time-interleaved data sampling system, timing and amplitude mismatches of this structure degrade the performance of the whole ADC system. In this paper, an adaptive blind synthesis calibration algorithm is proposed, which could estimate the timing, gain and offset errors simultaneously, and calibrate automatically. With no need of an extra calibration signal and redesign, it could efficiently and dynamically track the changes of mismatches due to aging or temperature variation. A fractional delay filter is developed to adjust the timing mismatch, which simplifies the design and decreases the cost. Computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Logical address offset

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, devices, and systems for a logical address offset. One method embodiment includes detecting a memory unit formatting operation. Subsequently, in response to detecting the formatting operation, the method includes inspecting format information on the memory unit, calculating a logical address offset, and applying the offset to a host logical address.

Memory controller self-calibration for removing systemic influence

Abstract: Self-calibration for a memory controller is performed by writing a voltage to a selected cell. Adjacent cells around the selected cell are programmed. After each of the adjacent programming operations, the voltage on the selected cell is read to determine any change in voltage caused by systemic offsets such as, for example, floating gate-to-floating gate coupling. These changes are averaged and stored in a table as an offset for use in adjusting a programming voltage or a read voltage in a particular area of memory represented by the offset. Self calibration method for temperature is determined by writing cells at different temperatures and reading at different temperatures to generate temperature offset tables for the write path and read path. These offset tables are used to adjust for systematic temperature related offsets during programming and during read.

A low power interface circuit for resistive sensors with digital offset compensation

Abstract: This paper presents an innovative conditioning and read-out interface for resistive MEMS sensors. The proposed structure includes a digital offset compensation for robustness to process and temperature variations. Simulation results demonstrate an impressive resolution to power consumption ratio and a good immunity to environmental parameters. Experimental results finally demonstrate the efficiency of this promising read-out architecture.

Calibration of offset, gain and phase errors in M-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters

Abstract: Techniques for correcting component mismatches in an M-channel time-interleaved Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). In order to obtain an error measure for offset, gain or phase, errors, outputs from each ADC are either summed or averaged over N o samples. Calling each of the sums or averages as X k where k=1, 2, . . . , M, there are M such values as a result. A single value representing the mean of these M values, X mean , is chosen as a reference value. The offset, gain and phase errors for the M different ADCs are then obtained from X k −X mean . The sign of each offset error, i.e., sign (X k −X mean ), is then used to drive an adaptive algorithm whose output represents an offset correction value for the corresponding ADC. The offset, gain, and phase correction outputs from the adaptive algorithm is fed to an array of Digital-to-Analog converters (DACs) whose outputs are voltages or currents that directly or indirectly controls the offset, gain or phase setting of each individual ADC. Thus, there are M different offset, gain and phase error signals and M different adaptive algorithms operating in conjunction with M different DACs providing offset control signals to M different ADCs. In certain embodiments, spur frequencies can be reduced with the use of notch filters.

Blur correction apparatus and image capturing apparatus

Abstract: Upon detecting the start of a panning operation, an adder-subtracter applies an offset from an offset change circuit to the output of an HPF (High-Pass Filter) representing the shake amount of an image capturing apparatus to decrease the shake amount. The offset value is set to be larger as the value of shake correction data output from a focal length calculation circuit is closer to the correction limit of a blur correction circuit. Upon detecting the end of the panning operation, the offset value is returned to zero. This invention provides a blur correction apparatus capable of suppressing degradation of a blur correction effect even when in a panning state.