Showing papers on "Red blood cell published in 1984"
TL;DR: A variety of kinetic, pharmacological, and comparative evidence converges on the conclusion that urea and other solutes are excluded from water channels.
Abstract: Evidence for water channels in red blood cells is reviewed. In an entropically driven reaction, organic mercurials decrease water permeability, elevate the activation energy, and reduce the ratio o...
337 citations
TL;DR: Results provide a mechanism to explain the ability of the spleen to remove parasitized red cells from the circulation of both immune and nonimmune hosts.
Abstract: Normal red cells deform markedly as they pass through the spleen and the peripheral capillaries In these studies, the effects of Plasmodium falciparum infection and maturation on the deformability of parasitized red cells exposed to fluid shear stress in vitro were examined by means of a rheoscope Red cells containing the early (ring) erythrocytic stage of the parasite have impaired deformability at physiologic shear stresses, and recover their normal shape more slowly Red cells containing more mature parasites (trophozoites or schizonts) exhibit no deformation under the same conditions These results provide a mechanism to explain the ability of the spleen to remove parasitized red cells from the circulation of both immune and nonimmune hosts
315 citations
TL;DR: These results are consistent with a role for the strain- specific surface antigen in cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and represent the second biochemical difference (with the knob-associated histidine-rich protein) between K+ and K- P. Falconerum.
Abstract: We have investigated the expression of a strain-specific malarial antigen on the surface of erythrocytes infected with knobless (K-) variants of knob-positive (K+) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Aotus blood infected with K+ or K- parasites derived from two independent geographical isolates (Malayan camp and Santa Lucia) was surface iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method. Infected and uninfected erythrocytes were then separated by a new procedure involving equilibrium density sedimentation on a Percoll gradient containing sorbitol. Strain-specific antigens were readily identified on the surface of erythrocytes infected with either of the K+ strains by their characteristic size and detergent solubility. These proteins were not detected on the surface of erythrocytes infected with either of the K- variants nor on uninfected erythrocytes isolated from K+- or K- -infected blood. These results are consistent with a role for the strain-specific surface antigen in cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Our findings represent the second biochemical difference (with the knob-associated histidine-rich protein) between K+ and K- P. falciparum.
175 citations
TL;DR: After administration of either radiolabeled compound, plasma and red blood cell carbon-14 concentrations, which were relatively lower than liver concentrations, were also significantly reduced by cholestyramine treatment.
151 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results suggest an abnormality in the regulation of the expression of the SOD gene in the pluripotent stem cells in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and various visceral cancers.
Abstract: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities have been determined in red blood cells isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and various visceral cancers. In all investigated cases, both catalase and glutathione peroxidase were found to be in normal ranges of activity. In the group of patients with visceral cancers, SOD activity was found to be normal as well. In contrast, SOD activity was found to be significantly increased in red blood cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and lymphoproliferative syndromes. This increase in superoxide level was not related to either reticulocytosis or hypochromic anemia. No relationship was found between the SOD level and the stage, the extension of the disease, or the presence of an inflammatory syndrome. The highest SOD levels were observed in untreated patients or during the early time period of the treatment. SOD levels further decrease as a function of the increase in the duration of the treatment. These results suggest an abnormality in the regulation of the expression of the SOD gene in the pluripotent stem cells.
139 citations
TL;DR: It is documents that red cells may be stored in a protein‐poor electrolyte medium for periods of 49 d with good post‐transfusion survival.
Abstract: A new red cell preservation solution is described in which the red cells may be stored for 49 d with greater than 75% mean post-transfusion recovery. Blood is drawn into Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Solution, centrifuged, the plasma removed and the cells resuspended in 100 ml of a solution containing saline, adenine, dextrose and mannitol (Adsol Preservation Solution, Fenwal Laboratories, Deerfield, Illinois). The final product, AS-1 Red Blood Cells, has a haematocrit of approximately 0.60 and flow properties that are similar to those of whole blood. After storage, red cell haemolysis is minimal and erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate is well preserved. This study documents that red cells may be stored in a protein-poor electrolyte medium for periods of 49 d with good post-transfusion survival.
139 citations
TL;DR: All aspects of normal reticulocyte maturation occur in vitro, independent of the spleen, including the removal of organelles and the assumption of the mature biconcave disk shape.
Abstract: The maturation of reticulocytes into erythrocytes was demonstrated in vitro. Reticulocytosis was induced in rats by repeated bleeding or by phenylhydrazine injections. Whole blood samples were then incubated for 2 days at 37 degrees C. Reticulocytes in culture changed from polylobulated, monoconcave or triconcave forms to biconcave disks. During the first 12 h in vitro, the average reticulocyte count decreased from 39% to 12%, and the membrane-bound organelles, ribosomes and exocytic figures in the remaining reticulocytes were markedly diminished. In contrast, the number of red cells containing inclusions of denatured haemoglobin (Heinz bodies) in phenylhydrazine-treated blood did not decline. The reduction in reticulocyte count was not the result of differential cell destruction, since little haemolysis occurred in vitro. During red cell maturation three modes of organelle removal were observed particularly well when mitochondria were followed by cytochrome oxidase cytochemistry. First, some mitochondria degenerated, presumably through autolysis, by swelling, losing cristae and forming small single membrane-bound vesicles. Second, individual mitochondria became enclosed in vacuoles that fused with the plasma membrane and expelled their mitochondria by exocytosis. Third, autophagic vacuoles containing mitochondria, cytosol and membrane fragments fused with existing lysosomes. We conclude that all aspects of normal reticulocyte maturation occur in vitro, independent of the spleen, including the removal of organelles and the assumption of the mature biconcave disk shape.
124 citations
TL;DR: Platelet adherence was well correlated with red cell rigidity, with increased adherence at increased rigidity and vice versa, and a change in T of 0.10 corresponded to achange in platelet adherence of approximately 50%.
109 citations
TL;DR: Loss or modification of fibronectin binding sites on the cell surface during erythroid differentiation may cause the release of reticulocytes from the interstitial matrix of bone marrow into the blood.
Abstract: Uninduced murine erythroleukemia cells specifically attached to fibronectin-coated dishes but not to dishes coated with laminin or type I or IV collagen. Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of these cells caused a dramatic decrease in adhesion to fibronectin that was correlated with synthesis of the erythrocyte glycoprotein "band III," a membrane marker of the differentiated erythrocyte. Loss or modification of fibronectin binding sites on the cell surface during erythroid differentiation may cause the release of reticulocytes from the interstitial matrix of bone marrow into the blood.
107 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: If these antibodies were involved in recognizing a few exoplasmic sites of band 3 protein on senescent red cells, antigen exposure would require alterations in band 3 accessibility (conformation, topology) rather than an enzymatic generation of antigenic sites.
Abstract: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) of healthy human blood donors and IgG from pooled sera (Sandoglobulin) contain natural (auto)antibodies to band 3 protein, the major integral membrane protein of human red blood cells. Affinity-purified and 125I-iodinated anti-band 3 antibodies bound specifically to band 3 protein on immunoblots from membrane proteins in the presence of unlabeled, absorbed IgG. Purified (auto)antibodies also bound nonspecifically to band 4.2 and weakly to band 5 and 6, when assayed with second antibody and 125I-iodinated protein A. The antibodies were directed to regions of band 3 protein that were cryptic and in part exoplasmic but with a low accessibility to surface modifications. The antigenic sites were located within the 65K, but not the 38K-dalton chymotryptic fragment of band 3 protein. Antigenic band 3 protein was equally present in membranes of young and senescent red cells. Hence, if these antibodies were involved in recognizing a few exoplasmic sites of band 3 protein on senescent red cells, antigen exposure would require alterations in band 3 accessibility (conformation, topology) rather than an enzymatic generation of antigenic sites.
107 citations
TL;DR: Anion transport in the trout red blood cell is mediated by a membrane protein that selectively binds dihydro-4,4'-dithiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (3DIDS) and that forms on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electropherograms a band with the same diffuse structure at the same location as the band 3 protein of the mammalian red blood cells.
Abstract: Anion transport in the trout red blood cell is mediated by a membrane protein that selectively binds dihydro-4,4'-dithiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (3H2DIDS) and that forms on sodium dodecyl...
TL;DR: The ratio of lipids to protein in the vesicles increased as they accumulated perhaps reflecting a rearrangement of the erythrocyte membrane constituents during prolonged maintenance at 4°C.
Abstract: . Serial studies were made of the membranes of the erythrocytes and the vesicles shed during storage of blood in polyvinyl chloride containers for 35 days in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine anticoagulant. Special precautions were taken to eliminate artifacts created by contaminating leukocytes, platelets and red blood cell ghosts. A total of 15.6% of the cholesterol and 5.2% of the phospholipids of the membranes was lost with no gross change in the gel electrophoretic patterns. The quantity of vesicles found in the supernatant plasma increased during storage and their membranes were characterized by the absence of spectrin, ankyrin, and periodic acid Schiff bands 2 and 3. The ratio of lipids to protein in the vesicles increased as they accumulated perhaps reflecting a rearrangement of the erythrocyte membrane constituents during prolonged maintenance at 4°C.
TL;DR: This phenomenon in 19 uraemic patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis was investigated by determining RBC malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation and plasma and RBC tocopherols, which are powerful antioxidants, which were significantly decreased because of enhanced antioxidant activity.
Abstract: Some metabolic alterations of the pentose-phosphate shunt can increase susceptibility to red blood cell (RBC) lipid peroxidation in uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis. We investigated this phenomenon in 19 uraemic patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis by determining RBC malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation and plasma and RBC tocopherols, which are powerful antioxidants. Evidence of RBC membrane lipid peroxidation was demonstrated by an increase of RBC MDA. RBC tocopherols were significantly decreased because of enhanced antioxidant activity. No significant variations of these parameters were found before and after dialysis.
TL;DR: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that DEHP inhibits the deterioration of the red blood cell membrane that results from the refrigerated storage of whole blood.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The presented data question the feasibility of filipin as a probe for the topographical distribution of cholesterol in cell membranes.
TL;DR: It is found that NEM altered Na+ -K+ cotransport and activated a latent Cl(-) -dependent K+ transport mode normally apparently silent, which suggests the presence of chemically reactive groups in human red blood cells for both Cl-dependent K- transport activated by NEM and Cl(+) -dependent coupled Na+-K+ movements.
Abstract: Twenty to fifty percent of the ouabain-insensitive Na+ and K+ fluxes in human red blood cells are mediated by Cl(-) -dependent coupled transport (cotransport). In this paper we report on the effect...
TL;DR: The recognition of phosphatidylserine by macrophages was investigated using inside‐out (IO) red blood cell (RBC) ghosts and RBC displaying PS in their surface membranes, suggesting that PS is recognized by Macrophages and that its exposure in the outer leaflet of RBC may have significant pathophysiologic implications.
TL;DR: The erythrocyte component carrying the Duffy blood group antigen Fya has been identified as a 35- to 43-kilodalton protein, which has the unusual property of aggregating on being boiled in 5 percent sodium dodecyl sulfate with 5 percent 2-mercaptoethanol.
Abstract: The erythrocyte component carrying the Duffy blood group antigen Fya has been identified as a 35- to 43-kilodalton protein. The protein is degraded by proteases, chymotrypsin, and Pronase, which destroy its antigenicity on intact erythrocytes. Its unusual property of aggregating on being boiled in 5 percent sodium dodecyl sulfate with 5 percent 2-mercaptoethanol distinguishes it from other erythrocyte membrane proteins described to date.
TL;DR: Red blood cells of favism patients with acute hemolytic crisis have markedly more superoxide dismutase and less glutathione peroxidase than either normal controls, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects or favicine and ascorbate subjects, suggesting a possible role of active oxygen species in the development of fava seeds.
Abstract: Red blood cells of favism patients with acute hemolytic crisis have markedly more superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) and less glutathione peroxidase (glutathione: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) than either normal controls, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects or favism patients outside hemolytic crisis. This altered value of the two enzyme activities is not due to increased reticulocyte content of blood. The electrophoretic triplet pattern of superoxide dismutase is also changed, with significant increase of the most positively charged band. Similar modifications of the two enzyme activities are observed after treatment of normal red blood cells with high concentrations of divicine and ascorbate, which are redox compounds that are contained in fava seeds. This treatment produces no hemolysis, but leads to hemolysis if the treated cells are resuspended in the homologous plasma. These results suggest a possible role of active oxygen species in the development of favism.
TL;DR: Preliminary findings indicate that elevated red cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations, above the control range, can be associated with bone marrow depression.
Abstract: Azathioprine metabolite concentrations were studied in 54 kidney transplant recipients. Thirty-seven of these patients were studied over a 6 month period to investigate the intrapatient variation in metabolite concentrations. All patients had stable functioning grafts and normal peripheral white blood cell counts. The metabolites measured were plasma 6-mercaptopurine and red blood cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide. There was no correlation between azathioprine dose and plasma 6-mercaptopurine concentration but there was a significant correlation between dose and red blood cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentration (rs = 0.41, P less than 0.005). The individual transplant recipient showed little variation in metabolite concentrations over several months. Using this group as a control we studied metabolite concentrations in patients with kidney transplants who developed leucopenia. Our preliminary findings indicate that elevated red cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations, above the control range, can be associated with bone marrow depression.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the release of pentane and ethane may be useful in assessing red blood cell lipid peroxidation in the presence of phenylhydrazine in vitro and in vivo.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The result of vitamin E treatment in 19 uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis is evaluated, and the fatty acid composition of red blood cell membrane before and after treatment with parenterally administered vitamin E.
Abstract: The result of vitamin E treatment in 19 uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis is evaluated. In particular, the levels of erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E were determined, and the fatty acid composition of red blood cell (RBC) membrane before and after treatment with parenterally administered vitamin E. A decrease of RBC MDA levels, an increase of RBC vitamin E concentrations, and a decreased saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid ratio were found after treatment with vitamin E. There was a statistically significant increase of the packed RBC volume.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the observed variation in cholesterol oxidase sensitivity reflects changes in the organization of the bilayer, perhaps a lateral redistribution of lipids which creates cholesterol-rich phases or domains in which cholesterol is more or less accessible to the enzyme.
TL;DR: Red blood cells labeled with 99mTc constitute a suitable intravascular agent for imaging of vascular abnormalities and should be used when patients with suspected splenic pathology have equivocal colloid scintigraphy.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present observation in nucleated cells of a polypeptide related to erythrocyte band 3 may indicate some of the features of ery Throcyte membrane architecture are also present in nonerythroid cells.
TL;DR: The current knowledge concerning brain spectrin is presented and its involvement in the actin-membrane interaction, as well as other proposed functions in the nervous system is discussed.
TL;DR: Though plausible, more comparative studies of glucose transport in red blood cells of other species and direct experimental evaluations of the contribution of the red blood cell to glucose transfer across the placenta and the blood-brain barrier are needed.
Abstract: At plasma glucose values of 5 mM (90 mg/100 ml) the maximum glucose transport capacity of the human red cell membrane is 12,000 times the rate of glucose utilization by the red blood cell. Mammals, other than primates, that have been tested have a comparable high-capacity system during fetal life, which is lost soon after birth. It has been suggested that the availability of the water space of the red blood cell for distribution of glucose facilitates transfer across the placenta during fetal life in all mammals and across the blood-brain barrier in adult primates. Though plausible, more comparative studies of glucose transport in red blood cells of other species and direct experimental evaluations of the contribution of the red blood cell to glucose transfer across the placenta and the blood-brain barrier are needed.
TL;DR: Findings strongly indicate that the GSH-dependent protection against lipid peroxidation of human red cell membrane is mediated by one or more proteins other than GSH peroxidase and GSF-S transferase.
TL;DR: Analysis of the 19F-NMR chemical shifts and linewidths of mefloquine in the presence of red cells, red-cells ghosts and hemoglobin indicates restricted mobility of the drug in the membrane-bound state and slow exchange with the extracellular medium.
TL;DR: Not all of the cystic fibrosis patients examined individually show an abnormal in vitro turnover of the red cell fatty acids, although they all presented abnormal fatty acid patterns for the red blood cell phospholipids, the platelet phospholIPids, and the plasma lipids.
Abstract: A study was carried out in order to investigate whether the abnormal in vitro turnover of fatty acids in the phospholipids of the red blood cell membranes of cystic fibrosis patients is intrinsic to the membrane, or whether it is induced by extrinsic serum factors. Red blood cells of cystic fibrosis patients and healthy subjects were labeled in vitro with [14C]linoleic acid, bound to albumin. The labeled cells were reincubated in autologous and homologous serum. The radioactivity present in the serum lipids and in the major phospholipid fractions of the red cell membranes was measured. Conclusions of this study are: 1) not all of the cystic fibrosis patients examined individually show an abnormal in vitro turnover of the red cell fatty acids, although they all presented abnormal fatty acid patterns for the red blood cell phospholipids, the platelet phospholipids, and the plasma lipids. 2) The in vitro abnormal fatty acid turnover occurs only in the incubations where red cells of cystic fibrosis patients are involved (in homologous and autologous serum) and not where red cells of healthy subjects are incubated in serum of cystic fibrosis patients. Consequently, the abnormal turnover is intrinsic to the red cells and is not induced by extrinsic serum factors.