Showing papers on "Red blood cell published in 1998"
TL;DR: These findings suggest that RBC membranes in depressive patients show evidence of oxidative damage, and implications for the etiology and treatment of depression are discussed.
581 citations
TL;DR: RBCs play a potentially important role in delayed edema development after ICH and that RBC lysis and hemoglobin toxicity may be useful targets for therapeutic intervention.
Abstract: Object. The mechanisms of brain edema formation following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not well understood. In previous studies, no significant edema formation has been found 24 hours after infusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) into the brain of a rat or pig; however, there is evidence that hemoglobin can be neurotoxic. In this study, the authors reexamined the role of RBCs and hemoglobin in edema formation after ICH. Methods. The experiments involved infusion of whole blood, packed RBCs, lysed RBCs, rat hemoglobin, or thrombin into the right basal ganglia of Sprague—Dawley rats. The animals were killed at different time points and brain water and ion contents were measured. The results showed that lysed autologous erythrocytes, but not packed erythrocytes, produced marked brain edema 24 hours after infusion and that this edema formation could be mimicked by hemoglobin infusion. Although infusion of packed RBCs did not produce dramatic brain edema during the first 2 days, it did indu...
314 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that deformation-induced ATP release from rabbit and human RBCs requires CFTR activity, suggesting a previously unrecognized role for CFTR in the regulation of vascular resistance.
Abstract: Recently, it was reported that rabbit and human red blood cells (RBCs) release ATP in response to mechanical deformation. Here we investigate the hypothesis that the activity of the cystic fibrosis...
298 citations
TL;DR: The presence of PS-exposing subpopulations of thalassemic RBC that are most likely physiologically important are reported, because they could provide a surface for enhancing hemostasis as recently reported, and because such exposure may mediate the rapid removal of these RBCs from the circulation, thereby contributing to the anemia.
208 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Risks of transfusion, particularly transmissible disease and incompatibility, remain but have been reduced and Thus, red blood cell transfusion continues to be a powerful therapeutic tool when used judiciously and carries less risk than in the recent past.
Abstract: A practice parameter has been developed to assist physicians in the therapeutic use of red blood cell transfusions. The developers of this parameter used the best available information from the medical literature, as well as clinical experience and the extensive reality testing required by the College of American Pathologists for approval. In acute anemia, a fall in hemoglobin values below 6 g/dL or a rapid blood volume loss of more than 30% to 40% requires red blood cell transfusions in most patients. However, tissue oxygenation provides a better indication of physiologic need in situations where invasive monitoring provides this information. When these data are not available, heart rate and blood pressure measurements and the nature of bleeding (active, controlled, uncontrolled) supplement the hemoglobin value in guiding the transfusion decision. In sickle cell disease and thalassemias, red blood cells are transfused to prevent acute or chronic complications. Red blood cell transfusions are used in chronic anemias unresponsive to pharmacologic agents based on the patient's symptoms. Guidelines must be altered for neonates who require an increase in hematocrit to above 0.30 to 0.35 when respiratory distress is present. Indications for red blood cell transfusion for the pregnant or postpartum patient are similar to those for the nonpregnant patient. Risks of transfusion, particularly transmissible disease and incompatibility, remain but have been reduced. Thus, red blood cell transfusion continues to be a powerful therapeutic tool when used judiciously and carries less risk than in the recent past.
175 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the response of the arteriolar and capillary networks to application of ATP into venules in the Saran-covered hamster cheek pouch retractor muscle suggests that ATP, which is released from red blood cells in response to low PO2 and low pH, may serve a role in distributing perfusion in Response to alterations in supply.
162 citations
TL;DR: Epifluorescence microscopy was used to show that monolayers simulating the inner and outer leaflets of the red cell membrane form immiscible liquid phases with critical points at surface pressures of 21 and 29 dyn/cm, which suggests that lipid bilayers of a red blood cell are near a miscibility critical point, which should significantly affect the biophysical properties of thered cell membrane.
Abstract: Monolayers at the air-water interface were prepared from lipids extracted from human red blood cells. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to show that monolayers simulating the inner and outer leaflets of the red cell membrane form immiscible liquid phases with critical points at surface pressures of 21 and 29 dyn/cm. At these pressures the monolayer lipid density is comparable to that in the red cell membrane. This suggests that lipid bilayers of a red blood cell are near a miscibility critical point, which should significantly affect the biophysical properties of the red cell membrane.
137 citations
TL;DR: Glycerol permeability values, similar in both cell types, suggest that AQP1 does not represent the major path for glycerol movement across red blood cell membranes, and pharmacological studies showed that Colton-null red cells remain sensitive to water and Glycerol flux inhibitors, supporting the idea that another proteinaceous path, probably AQP3, mediates most of theglycerol movements across red cell membranes.
136 citations
TL;DR: Direct comparison of experimental results showed that both types of hemoglobin solutions were substantially more efficient than erythrocyte suspension in uptake and release of oxygen.
134 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that RBCs possess endothelium-type NO synthase and may regulate platelet function at least in part by in situ release of NO.
Abstract: There is a renewed interest in the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in the regulation of vascular tone and platelet homeostasis. To examine whether human RBCs synthesize NO from L-arginine, which may mediate the antiplatelet effects of these cells, purified RBCs (10(7)-10(8)/ml) were incubated with [3H]L-arginine, and its conversion into [3H]L-citrulline determined. RBCs consistently converted [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, and this conversion was inhibited by two different specific NO synthase inhibitors. Suspension of RBCs (10(7)-10(8)/ml) reduced platelet aggregation, and the RBC-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation was blocked by pretreatment of RBCs with NO synthase inhibitor and potentiated by pretreatment with superoxide dismutase. Release of serotonin by aggregating platelets also was inhibited in the presence of RBCs. Western analysis with a specific mouse monoclonal antibody provided direct evidence for the presence of human endothelium-type constitutive NO synthase with a molecular mass approximately 140 kDa in the RBC cytosol. These observations suggest that RBCs possess endothelium-type NO synthase and may regulate platelet function at least in part by in situ release of NO.
132 citations
TL;DR: The presence of AChE, decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) on the surface of exosomes obtained from normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) reticulocytes, suggests that the GPI anchor is efficiently sorted during exosome formation.
TL;DR: A high percentage of the total amount of iron was released both by viable normal and HH monocytes, suggesting that iron release as Hb is a physiologic process, which may occur whenever the erythrocyte-processing capacity of macrophages is exceeded.
TL;DR: Blood volume, by measurement of red blood cell and plasma volumes, is reduced and has altered distribution in preeclampsia but is normal in gestational hypertension.
TL;DR: This in vitro model of production of human RBCs from normal CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells, using recombinant growth factors to promote terminal RBC differentiation, will allow studies on pathophysiology of congenital RBC disorders and test effective therapeutic strategies.
TL;DR: It is concluded that lipid floppase activity, as detected with lipid probes, reflects the activity of MRP1 recognizing the modified lipid analogues as xenobiotics to be expelled from the cell.
Abstract: The outward movement (flop) of fluorescently labeled analogues of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in human and murine red blood cells (RBC) was examined. 1-Oleoyl-2-[6(7-nitrob...
TL;DR: Findings point to an inverse relationship between red blood cell precursor mass and sEpo: at any given Hb level, the higher the number of red blood blood cell precursors, the lower the sEPO concentration.
TL;DR: Sickle red cells provide a pathobiologic paradigm for the membrane-damaging effect of iron-mediated targeting of oxidative damage at a sub-cellular level, relevant to a variety of biologic conditions accompanied by decompartmentalization of iron.
TL;DR: It is suggested that colorectal cancer patients present abnormalities in plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles characterized by lower amounts of most saturated, monounsaturated and essential fatty acids and their polyunsaturated derivatives, especially members of the n-6 series, than their healthy age-matched counterparts.
Abstract: We evaluated total plasma fatty acid concentrations and percentages, and the fatty acid profiles for the different plasma lipid fractions and red blood cell lipids, in 17 patients with untreated colorectal cancer and 12 age-matched controls with no malignant diseases, from the same geographical area. Cancer patients had significantly lower total plasma concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and essential fatty acids and their polyunsaturated derivatives than healthy controls; when the values were expressed as relative percentages, cancer patients had significantly higher proportions of oleic acid and lower levels of linoleic acid than controls. With regard to lipid fractions, cancer patients had higher proportions of oleic acid in plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters, and lower percentages of linoleic acid and its derivatives. On the other hand, alpha-linolenic acid was significantly lower in triglycerides from cancer patients and tended to be lower in phospholipids. Its derivatives also tended to be lower in phospholipids and triglycerides from cancer patients. Our findings suggest that colorectal cancer patients present abnormalities in plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles characterized by lower amounts of most saturated, monounsaturated and essential fatty acids and their polyunsaturated derivatives, especially members of the n-6 series, than their healthy age-matched counterparts. These changes are probably due to metabolic changes caused by the illness per se but not to malnutrition.
Patent•
24 Sep 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a red blood cell was coated with a polymeric mixture of polyethylene glycol and albumin, and a method of blocking blood group antigens on the surface of a red cell, comprising the step of contacting said cell with a pharmacologically effective concentration of the composition of the present invention.
Abstract: The present invention provides a composition of matter, comprising a red blood cell coated a polymeric mixture of polyethylene glycol and albumin. Also provided is a method of blocking blood group antigens on the surface of a red blood cell, comprising the step of contacting said cell with a pharmacologically effective concentration of the composition of the present invention.
TL;DR: Activated PMN can markedly affect RBC aggregability, apparently via both proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals; enhanced aggregation seen in clinical states associated with PMN activation or observed during in vivo RBC aging may also involve such PMN‐RBC interactions.
Abstract: Activated leukocytes can affect adjacent cells by generating oxygen free radicals and secreting proteolytic enzymes, and red blood cells (RBC) exposed to such agents should be susceptible to their effects. This study was thus designed to investigate the effects of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on RBC aggregability (i.e., on intrinsic RBC aggregation characteristics). PMN were isolated from human blood by density separation and suspended in glucose-enriched buffer with RBC isolated from the same blood sample (RBC/PMN ratio of 150:1). PMN were then activated in this suspension by adding 1 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and 10(-7) M N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or fMLP alone. After incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C, RBC aggregation behavior in autologous plasma was assessed; RBC deformability and partition coefficients were also measured. RBC aggregation was significantly increased after incubation and deformability and partitioning were decreased; these effects were prevented by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (1 mM) or superoxide dismutase (20 microg/mL) plus catalase (40 microg/mL). TNF-alpha and fMLP alone had no effect on RBC aggregation if PMN were not present. Activated PMN can thus markedly affect RBC aggregability, apparently via both proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals; enhanced aggregation seen in clinical states associated with PMN activation or observed during in vivo RBC aging may also involve such PMN-RBC interactions.
TL;DR: It is proposed that band 3 plays a chaperone-like role, which is necessary for the recruitment of GPA to the red blood cell plasma membrane.
TL;DR: Hemodialysis can improve the osmotic fragility of RBC and the mechanism underlying this improvement may be the removal of low molecular weight uremic toxins, resulting in normalization of serum osmolarity.
Abstract: Chronic renal failure induces anemia and a short erythrocyte life span. Red blood cell (RBC) osmotic fragility is the resistance of RBC hemolysis to osmotic changes that is used to evaluate RBC friabi
TL;DR: Subcutaneous microvascular studies showed that PEG-HbV-HSA significantly improved microhemodynamic conditions (flow rate, functional capillary density, vessel diameter, and oxygen tension) relative to unmodified HbV/HSA, highlighting the significance of microVascular analysis in the design of red cell substitutes and the necessity of surface modification of Hbv to prevent aggregation.
Abstract: Phospholipid vesicles encapsulating purified hemoglobin [Hb vesicles (HbV); diameter 259 +/- 82 mm; oxygen affinity 31 mm Hg; [Hb] 5 and 10 g/dL] were developed to provide oxygen-carrying capacity to plasma expanders. Their function as a blood replacement was tested in the subcutaneous microvasculature of awake hamsters during severe hemodilution in which 80% of the red blood cell mass was substituted with suspensions of the vesicles in 5% human serum albumin (HSA) solution. Vesicles were tested with membranes that were unmodified (HbV/HSA) or conjugated with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on the vesicular surface (PEG-HbV/HSA). The viscosity of 10 g/dL HbV/HSA was 8 cP at 358 s-1 owing to the intervesicular aggregation, while that of 10 g/dL PEG-HbV/HSA was 3.5 cP, since PEG chains inhibit aggregation. Both materials yielded normal mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and blood gas parameters at all levels of exchange, which could not be achieved with HSA alone. Subcutaneous microvascular studies showed that PEG-HbV/HSA significantly improved microhemodynamic conditions (flow rate, functional capillary density, vessel diameter, and oxygen tension) relative to unmodified HbV/HSA. Even though the enhancement of PEG modification did not achieve the functional characteristics of the blood-perfused microcirculation, PEG reduced vesicular aggregation and viscosity, improving microvascular perfusion relative to the unmodified type. These results highlight the significance of microvascular analysis in the design of red cell substitutes and the necessity of surface modification of HbV to prevent aggregation.
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that, although supplementation of formula with AA or DHA during the period of rapid brain development in rats increases deposition of the long-chain PUFA in the developing tissues, each also affects the levels of the other.
Abstract: We studied the effects of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of the brain and red blood cells in gastrostomized rat pups reared artificially from postnatal Days 5-18. These pups were fed rat milk substitutes in which the fat comprised 10% linoleic acid and 1% alpha-linolenic acid and, using a 3 x 3 factorial design, one of three levels of both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplied as single cell microbial oils (0.0, 0.4 and 2.4% fatty acids). A tenth group was reared by nursing dams. The fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol (PS/PI) phospholipids in the brain and red blood cells on Day 18 reflected the dietary composition in that pups receiving long-chain supplementation of each had higher levels of the supplemented PUFA, but lower levels of the other, relative to unsupplemented groups. In contrast to these results, there were few changes in the brain in phosphatidylcholine (PC) phospholipids whereas, in the red blood cells, changes in PC were similar to those in PE and PS/PI. Regression analyses showed that DHA levels in the brain correlated more closely with those of the red blood cells than did AA levels. The results of this study indicate that, although supplementation of formula with AA or DHA during the period of rapid brain development in rats increases deposition of the long-chain PUFA in the developing tissues, each also affects the levels of the other.
TL;DR: The mechanism by which DIDS reduces CO2 permeability may not be through an action on the lipid bilayer itself, but rather on a membrane transport protein, implying that this is a normal route for at least part of red cell CO2 exchange.
Abstract: It has long been assumed that the red cell membrane is highly permeable to gases because the molecules of gases are small, uncharged, and soluble in lipids, such as those of a bilayer. The disappearance of 12C18O16O from a red cell suspension as the 18O exchanges between labeled CO2 + HCO3- and unlabeled HOH provides a measure of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity (acceleration, or A) inside the cell and of the membrane self-exchange permeability to HCO3- (Pm,HCO-3). To test this technique, we added sufficient 4, 4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) to inhibit all the HCO3-/Cl- transport protein (Band III or capnophorin) in a red cell suspension. We found that DIDS reduced Pm,HCO-3 as expected, but also appeared to reduce intracellular A, although separate experiments showed it has no effect on CA activity in homogenous solution. A decrease in Pm,CO2 would explain this finding. With a more advanced computational model, which solves for CA activity and membrane permeabilities to both CO2 and HCO3-, we found that DIDS inhibited both Pm,HCO-3 and Pm,CO2, whereas intracellular CA activity remained unchanged. The mechanism by which DIDS reduces CO2 permeability may not be through an action on the lipid bilayer itself, but rather on a membrane transport protein, implying that this is a normal route for at least part of red cell CO2 exchange.
TL;DR: The rapid and selective uptake of selenite by RBCs was explained by the selective and efficient uptake through the anion-exchange carrier, followed by reduction by glutathione.
Abstract: Both organic and inorganic forms of selenium (Se) can be utilized in the body, and the biotransformation of selenite into an organic form of Se in the bloodstream is the first step for the utilization of inorganic Se. Selenite injected intravenously into rats was shown to be taken up rapidly and selectively by red blood cells (RBCs) through the anion-exchange carrier. The uptake of selenite by RBCs was inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbene disulfonate, a specific inhibitor of the anion-exchange carrier (band 3 protein). The uptake was also inhibited by chromate owing to the glutathione deprivation in RBCs, which was confirmed by the inhibition by azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide). The presence of hydrogencarbonate in the incubation solution slightly retarded the uptake of selenite by RBCs. Although Se effluxed into the plasma was bound selectively to albumin, plasma proteins (albumin) did not accelerate the uptake process. Based on these results, the rapid and selective uptake of selenite by RBCs was explained by the selective and efficient uptake through the anion-exchange carrier, followed by reduction by glutathione.
TL;DR: New options for the preparation and storage of red blood cells are available and undergo continuous evaluation, and leukodepletion of red cells by filtration is used increasingly, but its importance in the majority of transfusions is still unclear.
Abstract: Background: The production of blood components has undergone several changes during the last decades. Methods: Red blood cells will have slightly different properties depending on the way of preparation: whether a hard or soft spin has been used, whether platelets and/or leukocytes have been removed or not, and whether the red cells have been suspended in part of the original plasma or in an additive solution. Automated techniques are now often used for the separation of buffy coats, red cells and plasma. Recently, apheresis techniques have been applied for the preparation of red cells, mostly in combination with plasma or platelets. Continuous addition of the anticoagulant during collection reduces the delay between collection and separation, but the cost is higher and donor time longer. Results: Most of the methods for the preparation and storage of red cells allow 35-42 days of storage with a mean in vivo recovery of >75%. However, the content of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG is commonly lost within 1-2 weeks, caused by the accumulation of acid metabolites, but can be maintained longer with new systems of storage. Leukodepletion of red cells by filtration is used increasingly, but its importance in the majority of transfusions is still unclear. Conclusion: New options for the preparation and storage of red blood cells are available and undergo continuous evaluation.
TL;DR: Comparison of theory with experiment suggests that shear augmentation in this flow regime is primarily an extracellular phenomenon produced by cell-cell interactions, and treatment of shear augmentation significantly improved agreement between theoretical simulations and experimental data for oxygen uptake.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Red cell rigidity is an important hemorheological parameter determining the passage of erythrocyte through narrow capillaries and the reduction of blood viscosity under high shear rates, and cholesterol levels have been found to consistently cause a simultaneous increase in RBC rigidity.
Abstract: Red cell rigidity is an important hemorheological parameter determining the passage of erythrocyte through narrow capillaries and the reduction of blood viscosity under high shear rates. The changes in red cell rigidity in various diseases of altered blood flow - hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), using equal sample sizes of 25 each, have been analysed in this paper. One of the essential elements of red cell rigidity is the structural and functional properties of erythrocyte membrane which, in turn, is determined by the membrane biochemistry. Since cholesterol-rich erythrocytes have increased rigidity, the serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels have been monitored in order to detect the extent to which they affect red cell rigidity. No significant change in red cell rigidity have been found in CVA. RBC rigidity is found to be significantly increased in the other diseases. Significant increase in triglyceride levels have been found in all the diseases studied. Cholesterol levels were significantly increased in all diseases except CVA. Hence, increased cholesterol levels have been found to consistently cause a simultaneous increase in RBC rigidity. Triglycerides levels, on the other hand, have not shown a consistent change with changes in RBC rigidity, but have been shown to be a more sensitive marker for early detection of diseased status.
Book•
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: Impact on the Appearance of Blood Substitutes Replacing Blood in Transfusion Medicine and Future Perspectives for Preserved Platelets and Platelet Substitutes are discussed.
Abstract: Perspectives of Blood Substitutes (E. Tsuchida). The Role of Blood Substitutes in Emerging Healthcare Systems (R.M. Winslow). Red Cell Substitutes: Evolution of Approaches for Demonstrating Efficacy (J.C. Fratantoni). Recent Progress in the Development of Recombinant Human Hemoglobin (rHb1.1) as an Oxygen Therapeutic (J.W. Freytag et al. ). Update on Perfluorocarbon-Based Oxygen Delivery Systems (J.G. Riess, P.E. Keipert). Round Table Discussion: "The Target and Assessment of Clinical Tests" (M. Takaori). Experimental and Mathematical Simulation of Oxygen Transport by Hemoglobin-based Blood Substitute (T.C. Page et al. ). Polymeric Biodegradable Hemoglobin Nanocapsule as a New Red Blood Cell Substitute (T.M.S. Chang). Microvascular Responses to Hemodilution with Hb-Vesicles: Importance of Resistance Arteries and Mechanisms of Vasoconstriction (H. Sakai et al. ). In vivo Oxygenation of Deoxy-Hemolink TM Following Exchange Transfusion of 50per cent or 90per cent the Blood Volume in Rats (J. Ning et al. ). The Heme Oxgenase System in Liver Microcirculation: A Key Mechanism for Hemoglobin Degradation (M. Suematsu et al. ). Zero-link Polymerization: a New Class of Polymeric Hemoglobins (A. Razynska, E. Bucci). Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated Red Blood Cells (T.C. Fisher et al. ). Fluorocarbon Emulsions as Blood Substitutes (K.C. Lowe). Recent Developments and Future Perspectives for Preserved Platelets and Platelet Substitutes (B.M. Alving, C, Krishnamurti). Impact on the Appearance of Blood Substitutes Replacing Blood in Transfusion Medicine (S. Sekiguchi).