Showing papers on "Rotation published in 1979"

Eccentric orbit generalization and simultaneous solution of binary star light and velocity curves

Abstract: The computation of binary star light and radial velocity curves are discussed, including the effects of eccentric orbits and nonsynchronous rotation. Logical relations needed to impose physical constraints (semidetached condition, etc.) are specified. Some of the more important mathematical relations are also given. One can now model semidetached, detached, double-contact, and X-ray binaries for arbitrary rotation rates and orbital eccentricity. Contact binaries can also be modeled, but are restricted to the synchronous, circular orbit case. In all cases the figures of the components and the surface gravity fields are described by surfaces of constant potential energy.

Effect of earth's rotation on the quantum mechanical phase of the neutron

Abstract: Using a neutron interferometer of the type first developed by Bonse and Hart for x rays, we have observed the effect of Earth's rotation on the phase of the neutron wave function. This experiment is the quantum mechanical analog of the optical interferometry observations of Michelson, Gale, and Pearson.

Large-scale solar velocity fields

Abstract: Daily observations of Doppler line shifts made with very low spatial resolution (3′) with the Stanford magnetograph have been used to study the equatorial rotation rate, limb effect on the disk, and the mean meridonial circulation. The equatorial rotation rate was found to be approximately constant over the interval May 1976–January 1977 and to have the value 2.82 μrad s−1 (1.96 km s−1). This average compares favorably with the results of Howard (1977) of 2.83 μrad s−1 for the same time period. The RMS deviation of the daily measurements about the mean value was 1% of the rate (20 m s−1), much smaller than the fluctuations reported by Howard and Harvey (1970) of several per cent. These 1% fluctuations are uncorrelated from day-to-day and may be due to instrumental problems. The limb effect on the disk was studied in equatorial scans (after suppressing solar rotation). A redshift at the center of the disk relative to a position 0.60R⊙ from the center of 30 m s−1 was found for the line Fe i λ5250 A. Central meridian scans were used (after correcting for the limb effect defined in the equatorial scans) to search for the component of mean meridonial circulation symmetric across the equator. A signal is found consistent with a polewards flow of 20 m s−1 approximately constant over the latitude range 10–50°. Models of the solar differential rotation driven by an axisymmetric meridonial circulation and an anisotropic eddy viscosity (Kippenhahn, 1963; Cocke, 1967; Kohler, 1970) predict an equatorwards flow at the surface. However, giant cell convection models (Gilman, 1972, 1976, 1977) predict a mean polewards flow (at the surface). The poleward-directed meridonial flow is created as a by-product of the giant cell convection and tends to limit the differential rotation. The observation of a poleward-directed meridonial circulation lends strong support to the giant cell models over the anisotropic eddy viscosity models.

Rotation of small non-axisymmetric particles in a simple shear flow

Abstract: The equations for the rotation of non-axisymmetric ellipsoids in a simple shear flow at low Reynolds numbers are derived in terms of Euler angles. Numerical solutions of this third-order system of equations show a doubly periodic structure to the rotation, with a change in the general nature of the solutions when a certain planar rotation of the particle becomes unstable. Some analytic progress can be made for nearly spherical ellipsoids and for nearly axisymmetric ellipsoids. The near spheres show the same qualitative behaviour as the general ellipsoids. Quite small deviations from axial symmetry are found to produce large changes in the rotation.

Toroidal plasma rotation in the Princeton Large Torus induced by neutral-beam injection

Abstract: Toroidal plasma rotation, generated by toroidally unbalanced neutral-beam injection into the Princeton Large Torus, has been measured by Doppler shifts of several atomic spectral lines. These measurements produce the time evolution and spatial distribution of the rotation from which a momentum confinement time, comparable to the ion energy confinement time, is deduced.

Rotational and elliptical splitting of the free oscillations of the earth.

Abstract: *Summary. We present a table of rotational and elliptical splitting parameters for earth model 1066A, including all terms through second order in rotation and first order in ellipticity. An algorithm for calculating the second-order Coriolis splitting by summing over all modes which are coupled to first order is given in detail. Coupling to secular (or zero frequency) modes, as well as the usual seismic modes, can provide significant contributions to these splitting parameters.

Nonlinear properties of convection rolls in a horizontal layer rotating about a vertical axis

Abstract: Steady finite amplitude two-dimensional solutions are obtained for the problem of convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below and rotating about its vertical axis. Rigid boundaries with prescribed constant temperatures are assumed and the solutions are obtained numerically by the Galerkin method. The existence of steady subcritical finite amplitude solutions is demonstrated for Prandtl numbers P < 1. A stability analysis of the finite amplitude solutions is performed by superimposing arbitrary three-dimensional disturbances. A strong reduction in the domain of stable rolls occurs as the rotation rate is increased. The reduction is most pronounced at low Prandtl numbers. The numerical analysis confirms the small amplitude results of Kuppers & Lortz (1969) that all two-dimensional solutions become unstable when the dimensionless rotation rate Ω exceeds a value of about 27 at P ≃ ∞. A brief discussion is given of the three-dimensional time-dependent forms of convection which are realized at rotation rates exceeding the critical value.

Domain Structure in the Nematic Freedericksz Transition

Abstract: In the course of experiments using the Freedericksz transition on a planar nematic film in a magnetic field perpendicular to the limiting plates, we have observed the transient existence of a periodic roll structure very similar to published observations by Carr, and apparently similar to Williams domains. The present paper develops a model based on the effect of the decrease of the effective viscosity in the presence of the back flow, induced by the rotation of n and taking place as a convective roll pattern. Direct observations and order of magnitude estimates of the wavelength of the roll and of the time constant for the development of the rolls agree with the model. We also addressed ourselves with the problem of distortion in an initially well aligned bulk material placed in a field perpendicular to n and find that inertia effects can also lead to a roll structure in the problem.

Computer terminal station for data input and output

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer terminal station constituted by an input device and by an output device, both devices being separate one from the other. According to the invention, the station comprises a support for the device 2 constituted by a column mounted for sliding along its axis in a stand, and for rotation about its axis with respect to said stand, the top part of the said column being provided with a console mounted to pivot about an inclinable axis for the output device whereas between the column and the stand are provided means for their axial immobilization in relative rotation and whereas between the column and the console are provided means for adjusting the inclination of the console.

Energy producing system

Abstract: In an energy producing system, a movable device is mounted at least partially within a housing which, in turn, is mounted in the ground at the surface of a road or the like. The movable device at least partially extends through an opening in the housing and is positioned transversely within the path of travel of vehicles moving along the road for engaging the vehicles seriatim to be set into motion thereby. A coupling device connects drivingly the movable device and a generating device for transmitting drivingly the motion of the movable device to the generating device, such as an electrical generator. A flywheel is journaled for rotation about its axis for storing the energy in response to the movable device to provide a more continuous production of energy from the generating device.

Basic Problems in the Kinematics of the Rotation of the Earth

Abstract: With the advent of more precise methods for measuring Earth rotation, a number of corrections to the apparent directions in space, to the terrestrial references, and to the rotation axis motion have to be carefully applied. It is the duty of the international Astronomical Union to give recommended or conventional expressions of these corrections in order to avoid inextricable difficulties in discussing the evaluated results. However, this task is not sufficient. The concepts used in the description of the Earth’s rotation are somewhat obscured by traditions. They should be purified by removing notions which are not directly relevant.

The tidal motions of a rotating , elliptical, elastic and oceanless earth

Abstract: A theoretical study is presented of the response of a rotating, elliptical and elastic Earth to the combined gravitational attraction of the Sun and Moon Five of the most heavily constrained contemporary models of the Earth's material structure are considered (all have a fluid outer core and a solid inner core) The non-orbital part of the response is separated into the body tide (the Earth's deformation), the precession and nutation of the Earth, and changes in the Earth' s rotation rate In particular, the nutations are shown to be the best represented by motion of the 'Tisserand mean figure axis of the surface', which also is essentially a mean mantle fixed axis

Means to orbit and rotate target wafers supported on planet member

Abstract: A vapor deposition system wherein means orbit a plurality of rotating planets. Each planet supports a plurality of wafer targets which orbit the associated planet axis. A planet wheel of limited rotatability is operative to effect rotation of the orbiting wafer targets.

Dynamics of a stellar bar

Abstract: The dynamical properties of a prolate bar have been studied by means of a three-dimensional computer model. The bar pattern rotates in the sense of the total angular momentum. The mean particle motion is a rapid streaming in the direction of pattern rotation as seen from a frame that rotates with the bar. Rotation rates that would be inferred from observation are significantly (2-3 times) faster than the pattern rotation speed. Velocity dispersions are anisotropic with the largest component along the bar. Particles oscillate in the bar potential significantly faster than pattern rotation. About 25% of the star orbits are near 2:2:1 resonance with the slow motion along the bar. Particle motion is highly ordered in the bar. Observable properties are described; where comparisons can be made, observable properties are in agreement with observations of brightness contours, velocity fields, and velocity dispersions. The bar has nearly exponential density profiles.

Rotational direction detection device for a motor or the like

Abstract: A rotational direction detection device is disclosed which has a single permanent magnet rotatable in response to the rotation of a rotary shaft. A magnetic field sensor is composed of a plurality of magnetic field detecting elements responsive to a rotating magnetic field produced by the rotation of the permanent magnet for generating an output representative of the rotation of the rotary shaft. The magnetic field detecting elements are arranged so that signals developed by at least two such elements differ in phase by a phase angle of other than 0 degree and 180 degrees. A rotary condition detector is responsive to the output of the magnetic field sensor for determining the rotational direction of the rotary shaft.

Observations on the Influence of Rotation on Heat Transfer in the Coolant Channels of Gas Turbine Rotor Blades

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the combined influence of Coriolis acceleration and centripetal buoyancy on heat transfer in a cylindrical tube which rotates about an axis orthogonal to its axis of symmetry. It is demonstrated that for a radially outward flow, Coriolis acceleration tends to improve heat transfer. However the Coriolis-induced improvement to heat transfer may be nullified and reversed due to centripetal buoyancy and this is demonstrated. Proposals are made which permit an overall assessment of these two interacting effects to be made. The implications of the results reported in relation to the design of conventionally cooled turbine rotor blades are discussed.

Rotational studies of lower main-sequence stars.

Abstract: The basic techniques used to measure the rotational velocities of lower main-sequence stars and the limitations of these techniques are reviewed. Particular attention is given to rotation in G stars in relation to age and activity cycles, and investigations of the sun as an abnormally rotating star.

The Influence of the Earth's Rotation Rate on the General Circulation of the Atmosphere

Abstract: A general circulation model has been used to investigate the climatic and dynamical consequences of increasing and decreasing the rotation rate of the earth by a factor of 5. The model was hemispheric, devoid of topographical features, non-diurnal, and set up for annual mean conditions based on fixed, specified cloud, ozone, water vapor and surface albedo. The high rotation rate model tended toward a multicellular mean meridional streamfunction with a weak tropospheric jet at very low latitudes, while the slow rotation rate model had a two-cell structure with an intense tropospheric jet at middle latitudes. These differences were interpreted in terms of the requirements for conservation of absolute angular momentum, and they indicate that such conservation was the single most important constraint in determining the dynamical structure of the model atmospheres. The latitudinal extent of the Hadley cell and the associated region of high surface pressure, the location and intensity of the tropospher...

Vehicle drive with differential output gearbox - has two sun-wheels of different dia. meshing with double planetary pinions on carrier strip

Abstract: The gearbox incorporates a planetary differential system with components such as sun wheel, planet carrier strip and annulus. An input shaft is coupled to one component and an output shaft to a second one, while a third is coupled to a compression machine which can operate in both directions as a pump or motor, so as to control the speed and direction of rotation of this third component. This machine is connected to a second one of the same type, or to an electrical machine(s) functioning on the four-quandrant principle. The differential gear train has two sun wheels (5, 105) of different diameters, meshing with double planetary pinions (6) on a carrier strip (7), these in turn meshing with an annulus (9). The larger sun wheel is coupled to the input shaft (2), while a power coupling machine (15) is connected via clutches (23), dependent on the output shaft speed (10), either to the output shaft or to the smaller sun wheel (105).

Endoscope with means for detecting rotation of a distal examining end

Abstract: The present invention discloses an endoscope with means for detecting the direction and angle of rotation of a distal examining end. A guide tube with a mark or a porthole is provided around the distal examining end for a standard of measuring. Said mark or the porthole is counted by a pair of detecting optic bundles and optical detecting means such as, for example a photoelectric element, which are provided at the distal examining end. By these constructions, the relative rotation between the guide tube and the distal examining end is detected. Accordingly, damage to the distal examining end can be prevented.

Keyless chucking system

Abstract: The chucking system is used with a machine tool having a spindle which drives a chuck. The chuck-tightening sleeve can be locked to the machine tool frame so that rotation of the spindle causes tightening or loosening of the chuck, depending upon direction of spindle rotation. In this way, key-locking of the chuck is avoided.

Bifurcation and Stability of Convective Flows in a Rotating or not Rotating Spherical Shell

Abstract: In this paper bifurcation theory and group theoretical methods are applied to the analysis of the stationary convection of a fluid filling a spherical shell which is rotating (or not rotating) about an axis with a constant angular speed. In the case with rotation, an analytical relation is found between the Rayleigh number and the Taylor number, for which a transcritical branch of stationary and axisymmetric (about the axis of rotation) solutions occur. At fixed Taylor number, these solutions are stable supercritically. When the shell doesn’t rotate, a two-parameter family of axisymmetric solutions is found to bifurcate supercritically, these solutions being deduced one from the other by a simple rotation. Under an assumption on the sign of a certain coefficient, these solutions are “orbitally stable.”

Measurements of plasma rotation in tokamak LT-3

Abstract: Rotation of the plasma in LT-3 has been measured from the Doppler shift of lines emitted by ionized oxygen impurities. In stable discharges, toroidal rotation of the ions in the direction of the discharge current was measured at velocities of up to 5 km ? s?1, while poloidal rotation was observed in the electron diamagnetic drift direction, reaching linear velocities of 1.6 km ? s?1 at a minor radius of 5 cm. In unstable discharges, the plasma rotation collapses at the disruptions, and then re-appears as the magnetic surfaces are reformed.

Independent wheel suspension for motor vehicles

Abstract: A wheel suspension for a motor vehicle having a vehicle chassis includes a wheel carrier having an axle for the support of a wheel for rotation independently of the wheel carrier, and front and rear arms for supporting the wheel carrier on the vehicle chassis and extending in spaced relation to each other with the space therebetween gradually increasing as they extend outwardly from the wheel carrier towards the vehicle chassis in a direction generally transversely of the vehicle chassis. The wheel suspension further includes a connecting member for elastically connecting the wheel carrier to the vehicle chassis for displacement in a direction generally perpendicular to the widthwise direction of the vehicle chassis, and a shock absorber for absorbing vibrations of the wheel carrier. The front and rear arms are so positioned relative to the wheel carrier and the vehicle chassis that the wheel carrier can be moved such that the toe-in of the wheel supported thereby is increased.