다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Introduction Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a rare prostate cancer variant and associated with higher stage and greater risk of mortality. Optimal systemic therapy for metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma is not known. Case presentation A 67-year-old man presented with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate accompanied by multiple lung metastases and advanced bone metastases. We performed channel transurethral resection of the prostate and confirmed the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. DNA sequencing identified a TP53 somatic point mutation (p.Gly245Ser) as the pathogenic variant. Furthermore, a homozygous deletion was observed in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1. The patient received enzalutamide but deceased 5 months after presenting to our institution. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 homozygous deletion. Accumulation of whole-exome sequencing data is expected to inform future advances in therapy development.

First case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with MAP3K1 homozygous deletion

We demonstrate fabrication of a periodic structure for quasi-phase-matching (QPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG) in 3,5-dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl) pyrazole (DMNP) by electron-beam (EB) writing. It is found that DMNP loses optical anisotropy and is changed to an amorphous phase by EB irradiation. This indicates that the SHG coefficient is zero at the irradiated part. Periodic structures with 0.5 µm period and 0.5 duty ratio were obtained in channel waveguides at a dose of approximately 5000 µC/cm2.

Electron-Beam Writing Fabrication of Periodic Structure for Quasi-Phase-Matching Second-Harmonic Generation in Dimethyl Nitrophenyl Pyrazole Crystal Waveguide

The microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) status is one of the critical genomic biomarkers for predicting patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the concordance among the MSIsensor score obtained from whole‐exome sequencing (WES), which could be a futuristic clinical cancer sequencing method, using only tumor tissues, MSI‐PCR results, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results to analyze various solid cancer types. We first endeavored to set the cut‐off value of MSIsensor to determine functional deficient mismatch repair (f‐dMMR) status. The MSI status of 1054 patients analyzed using WES was evaluated using MSIsensor. In addition, 87 of these patients were further analyzed using MSI‐PCR and MMR IHC to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the MSIsensor cut‐off score. Our results showed that score 12.5 was an adequate cut‐off score equivalent to PCR‐confirmed MSS/MSI‐low and MSI‐high statuses, with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values of 95.2%, 100%, and 0.998, respectively. Moreover, we identified false‐positive cases of tumors with high mutational burden with an MSIsensor score <12.5, and optional IHC examination could rescue these cases. In conclusion, the MSIsensor score obtained using WES with tumor tissue showed a high clinical validity, with a cut‐off value of 12.5 for f‐dMMR detection, in combination with optional IHC analysis for MMR. Our novel algorithm will provide insights into the development of ICIs for cancer treatment, particularly when WES becomes a more common cancer genomic test in the near future.

Clinical predominance of whole‐exome sequencing to evaluate microsatellite instability status

Rare-earth doped LiNbO3 waveguide lasers have been studied for implementation of waveguide devices with new functions. CW laser oscillation in a Nd-doped Z-cut Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide was first demonstrated in this paper. Key issues for the implementation of the waveguide lasers included preparation of high-quality Nd-doped crystals and suppression of photorefractive damage. Nd thermal diffusion technique was used to prepare the Nd-doped crystals. MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystals were used to suppress the damage. A prototype waveguide laser of 14-mm long was fabricated, and CW oscillation was achieved at a wavelength of 1085 nm by optical pumping at 809 nm. The threshold power was 27 mW at room temperature and 7 mW at 120°C.

CW Laser Oscillation in Z-Cut Nd-Diffused Ti:MgO:LiNbO3 Waveguides

Based on the"neoantigen theory", the measurement of microsatellite instability(MSI)and tumor mutation burden(TMB) is one of the essential test items during cancer precision medicine, especially for the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor. The conventional MSI test is consist of direct PCR method to amplify the microsatellite region using DNA derived from tumor specimen as a companion diagnostic(CDx)for pembrolizumab, while the recent comprehensive genomic profiling test such as FoundationOne CDx also evaluate the MSI status. TMB is counted and reported as the number of the mutation per 1 Mb(mut/Mb), and the over 10 mut/Mb is the universal cut off for pembrolizumab CDx.

Hiroshi Nishihara

Papers

First case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with MAP3K1 homozygous deletion

Electron-Beam Writing Fabrication of Periodic Structure for Quasi-Phase-Matching Second-Harmonic Generation in Dimethyl Nitrophenyl Pyrazole Crystal Waveguide

Clinical predominance of whole‐exome sequencing to evaluate microsatellite instability status

CW Laser Oscillation in Z-Cut Nd-Diffused Ti:MgO:LiNbO3 Waveguides

[Crosstalk of Cancer Genomic Test and Cancer Immune Therapy].