다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Inhibition effects of bismuth(III) chloride (BiCl3), bismuth(III) iodide (BiI3), and a mixture of BiI3 and benzyl thiocyanate (C6H5CH2SCN or BTC) on corrosion of iron (Fe) in 0.5 M sulfuri...

Inhibition of Iron Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid at Elevated Temperatures by Bismuth(III) Compounds

Cyclic voltammetry of a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) film prepared by electrochemical reduction of α,α,α′,α′-tetrabromo-p-xylene at Pt in THF shows an oxidation wave at ca. +0.8 V and a reducti...

Electrochemical Properties of an Electrosynthesized Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)Film and Its Application to a Simple Electrochemical Fabrication of a Polymer Diode

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times of 1H and 133Cs in CsFeCl3.2H2O and RbFeCl3.2H2O are measured in the paramagnetic region. Both relaxation rates have an activation-type temperature dependence in a wide temperature range together with a maximum at a temperature well above the zero-field 3d-ordering temperature. This behaviour can be satisfactorily described with a diffusive soliton model.

Nuclear relaxation in CsFeCl3.2H2O and RbFeCl3.2H2O: influence of diffusive solitons

Novel Photoisomerization of Azoferrocene with a Low-Energy MLCT Band and Significant Change of the Redox Behavior between the cis- and trans-Isomers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12373-12374].

The history of organic electronic conductors for half century is shortly reviewed and some recent topics on the synthesis of conducting polymers are presented. Organic conductors can be roughly divided into two categories, crystalline and polymeric materials, of which chemistry and physics have advanced markedly and a variety of examples have appeared. The crystalline materials involve superconducting low-dimensional charge-transfer salts and M3C60 (M is an alkali metal), and the polymeric conductors are mostly made of linearly π-conjugated organic polymers. One of the recent topics given is synthesis of poly (phenylene vinylene) that is one of the most fascinating materials of its high EL ability. Other topics described are synthesis of new class of conducting polymers, π-conjugated donor-acceptor copolymers and π-conjugated polymers involving transition metal complexes. The history clearly indicates that the role of synthetic chemists is still important for finding a breakthrough to open a new era of organic conducting materials.

Hiroshi Nishihara

Papers

Inhibition of Iron Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid at Elevated Temperatures by Bismuth(III) Compounds

Electrochemical Properties of an Electrosynthesized Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)Film and Its Application to a Simple Electrochemical Fabrication of a Polymer Diode

Nuclear relaxation in CsFeCl3.2H2O and RbFeCl3.2H2O: influence of diffusive solitons

Novel Photoisomerization of Azoferrocene with a Low-Energy MLCT Band and Significant Change of the Redox Behavior between the cis- and trans-Isomers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12373-12374].

Organic Electronic Conductors