Showing papers by "Jun Ma published in 2011"

A Kernel Fuzzy c-Means Clustering-Based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Classification Problems With Outliers or Noises

Abstract: The support vector machine (SVM) has provided higher performance than traditional learning machines and has been widely applied in real-world classification problems and nonlinear function estimation problems. Unfortunately, the training process of the SVM is sensitive to the outliers or noises in the training set. In this paper, a common misunderstanding of Gaussian-function-based kernel fuzzy clustering is corrected, and a kernel fuzzy c-means clustering-based fuzzy SVM algorithm (KFCM-FSVM) is developed to deal with the classification problems with outliers or noises. In the KFCM-FSVM algorithm, we first use the FCM clustering to cluster each of two classes from the training set in the high-dimensional feature space. The farthest pair of clusters, where one cluster comes from the positive class and the other from the negative class, is then searched and forms one new training set with membership degrees. Finally, we adopt FSVM to induce the final classification results on this new training set. The computational complexity of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is analyzed. A set of experiments is conducted on six benchmarking datasets and four artificial datasets for testing the generalization performance of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm. The results indicate that the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is robust for classification problems with outliers or noises.

Theme-Based Comprehensive Evaluation in New Product Development Using Fuzzy Hierarchical Criteria Group Decision-Making Method

Abstract: One of the features of the digital ecosystem is the integration of human cognition and socio-economic themes into the process of new product development (NPD). In a socio-economic theme-based NPD, ranking a set of product prototypes that have been designed always requires the participation of multiple evaluators and consideration of multiple evaluation criteria. Using the well-being theme-based garment NPD as a background, this paper first presents a fuzzy hierarchical criteria group decision-making (FHCGDM) method which can effectively calculate final ranking results through fusing all assessment data from human beings and machines. It then presents a garment NPD comprehensive evaluation model with hierarchical criteria under the well-being theme through identifying a set of marketing tactics from a consumer acceptance survey. It further provides an establishment process for an NPD evaluation model under the digital ecosystem framework. Finally, a garment NPD case study further demonstrates the proposed well-being NPD comprehensive evaluation model and the FHCGDM method. The advantages of the proposed evaluation method include successfully handling criteria in a hierarchical structure, automatically processing both objective measurements from machines and subjective assessments from human evaluators, and using the most suitable type of fuzzy numbers to describe linguistic terms.

Fabrication, Structure and Properties of Epoxy/Metal Nanocomposites

Abstract: Gd2O3 nanoparticles surface-modified with IPDI were compounded with epoxy. IPDI provided an anchor into the porous Gd2O3 surface and a bridge into the matrix, thus creating strong bonds between matrix and Gd2O3 . 1.7vol.-% Gd2O3 increased the Young’s modulus of epoxy by 16–19%; the surface-modified Gd2O3 nanoparticles improved the critical strain energy release rate by 64.3% as compared to 26.4% produced by the unmodified nanoparticles. The X-ray shielding efficiency of neat epoxy was enhanced by 300–360%, independent of the interface modification. Interface debonding consumes energy and leads to crack pinning and matrix shear banding; most fracture energy is consumed by matrix shear banding as shown by the large number of ridges on the fracture surface.

Grading of MRI-detected skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its prognostic value.

Abstract: Background. Our aim was to grade MRI–detected skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and evaluate the prognostic value of the grading. Methods. The MRI scans and medical records of 924 patients with histologically diagnosed nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Results. MRI-detected skull-base invasion was not found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, or local relapse-free survival (p > .05 for all). Grading of skull-base erosion according to the site of invasion was found to be an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (p = .003 and p = .006, respectively) and distant metastasis-free survival (p = .001 for both) in the 512 patients with skull-base invasions and 315 patients with T3 disease. Conclusions. MRI-detected skull-base invasion is not an independent prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, grading according to the site of invasion as either low grade or severe has prognostic value. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: batch uptake behavior.

Abstract: Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal efficiency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal efficiency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6-8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 micromol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 micromol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9-5.8, but had detrimental effects at pH 6.7-9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4-9 due to the presence of 10 micromol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20-60 micromol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 micromol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0-4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30-60 micromol/L.

Degradation and Transformation of Organic Compounds in Songhua River Water by Catalytic Ozonation in the Presence of TiO2/Zeolite

Abstract: This paper presents experimental results of the catalytic ozonation of Songhua River water in the presence of nano-TiO2 supported on Zeolite. The removal efficiency of TOC and UV254, the variation of AOC and molecular weight distribution of organics was studied. Results showed that TOC and UV254 removal efficiency by ozone was improved in the presence of TiO2/Zeolite, and increased by 20% and 25%, respectively. The part of organic compounds less than 1000 Da increased in ozonation, but decreased in catalytic ozonation. The AOC of water increased in catalytic ozonation, and the increase of AOC was particularly obvious when ozone dose increased from 28.8 mg·L−1 to 46.6 mg·L−1. The degradation and transformation of organic compounds was analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total number of organic compounds was reduced from 50 in the untreated water to 36 and 20, respectively, in ozonation and catalytic ozonation. The removal efficiency of the total organic compounds peak area in ozonation and catalytic ozonation ...

Optimization of membrane structure using the spin-coating method

Abstract: Spin-coating is a preferred method for application of thin and uniform films on flat substrates, it is used extensively in microlithography. For polymeric membranes prepared by the immersion-precipitation method, the solvent-nonsolvent mass transfer kinetics always governs the ultimate membrane structure to a large extent. In this paper, the effects of spinning conditions on the mass transfer kinetics and thus the structure and performance of very thin and smooth membranes were investigated. The results indicated that the membrane structures can be regulated in a relatively large range through adjusting the spinning conditions (spinning speed, spinning time, acceleration process). With proper control, formation of membranes with round-pore surfaces or nodular surfaces can be achieved.

Study on Stability and Influencing Factors of Nitrite Accumulation in Biological Aerated Filter

Abstract: Study was made on stability and influencing factors of nitrite accumulation in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF)treating simulated municipal wastewater. The possibility of shortcut nitrification–denitrification in low ammonia wastewater treatment was discussed. The mode of natural start-up was favorable to the nitrite accumulation in BAF and the highest nitrite accumulation rate was over 80%. By adjusting pH, nitrite accumulation can take place in BAF. When the influent pH value was 6.5 to 7, the highest nitrite accumulation rate was 57%. But long-term stable nitrite accumulation cannot be obtained only through changing influent pH value. The lower concentration of DO was of advantage to the formation of the nitrite accumulation. When the concentration of DO was controlled to less than 0.5 mg/L, the nitrite accumulation rate can improved significantly to the maximum over 80%. The increasing of hydraulic loading can contribute to nitrite accumulation. When the hydraulic loading was enhanced to 10 m3/(m2•h), the average nitrite accumulation rate can be increased by 52.5 times. The increasing of influent ammonia loading cannot improve nitrite accumulation notably. When influent pH was 6.5 to 7, concentration of DO was 1.0 to1.5 and the filtration rate was 5 m/h, the nitrite accumulation of BAF reactor was of good stability. During 60 days' running, the nitrite accumulation can keep at 65% to 75% stably and obvious shortcut nitrification-denitrification was found.

A Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System – Decider – and Its Applications

Abstract: Decider is a Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System (FHMC-GDSS) designed for dealing with subjective, in particular linguistic, information and objective information simultaneously to support group decision making particularly on evaluation. In this chapter, the fuzzy aggregation decision model, functions and structure of Decider are introduced. The ideas to resolve decision and evaluation problems we have faced in the development and application of Decider are presented. Two real applications of the Decider system are briefly illustrated. Finally, we discuss our further research in this area.

Energy Efficiency of a Multi-Core Processor by Tag Reduction

Abstract: We consider the energy saving problem for caches on a multi-core processor. In the previous research on low power processors, there are various methods to reduce power dissipation. Tag reduction is one of them. This paper extends the tag reduction technique on a single-core processor to a multi-core processor and investigates the potential of energy saving for multi-core processors. We formulate our approach as an equivalent problem which is to find an assignment of the whole instruction pages in the physical memory to a set of cores such that the tag-reduction conflicts for each core can be mostly avoided or reduced. We then propose three algorithms using different heuristics for this assignment problem. We provide convincing experimental results by collecting experimental data from a real operating system instead of the traditional way using a processor simulator that cannot simulate operating system functions and the full memory hierarchy. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithms can save total energy up to 83.93% on an 8-core processor and 76.16% on a 4-core processor in average compared to the one that the tag-reduction is not used for. They also significantly outperform the tag reduction based algorithm on a single-core processor.

Notice of Retraction Hydrothermal Modification of Granular Steel Slag for Phosphate Removal

Abstract: The performance of phosphate removal using hydrothermal modified granular steel slag was evaluated. The effects of steel slag dosage, reaction time, solution pH and initial phosphate concentration of synthesized wastewater on phosphate removal were also investigated. The results show that the modified steel slag is more efficient than raw granular steel slag in phosphate removal. The residual phosphate concentration decreased from 10 mg/L to less than 0.5mg/L at the conditions of solution pH 5-11 and at initial phosphate concentrations of 5-15 mg/L ,when 2g modified steel slag was added into 100mL phosphate solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that the main hydration products after hydrothermal treatment were calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and amorphous calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-Hs). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and XRD analyses revealed that the precipitates produced in phosphate removal by modified steel slag were the mixture of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP), with the Ca/P molar ratio of 1.58. The results suggest that the modified steel slag may be an effective material for phosphate removal and a potential crystal seed for phosphate recovery.

Adsorption of Nitrobenzene and Benzoic Acid from Aqueous Solution by All-Silica Zeolite Beta

Abstract: All-silica zeolite beta (BEA) was tested for the ability to remove nitrobenzene and benzoic acid from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, temperature, initial concentration and initial pH were investigated in a batch reactor system. Adsorption of nitrobenzene decreased with increase in temperature. The equilibrium isotherm was L-shaped. Nitrobenzene adsorption was independent of pH. Adsorption of benzoic acid increased with increasing temperature from 5 °C to 22 °C and decreased with increasing temperature from 22°C to 32 °C. The equilibrium isotherm was approximately S-shaped. Benzoic acid adsorption was dependent of pH. At pH8.0, benzoic acid can also be adsorbed effectively. The results above confirmed that BEA had the potential to be utilized as relatively effective adsorbent for nitrobenzene and benzoic acid removal.

The Stability and Regeneration Mechanism of New Visible-Light Responsive Photocatalyst Bi20TiO32

Abstract: This paper studied the stability and regeneration mechanism of photocatalyst Bi20TiO32. There is no change in the XRD of the catalyst after reaction, which indicates that photocatalyst Bi20TiO32 has stable structure. The comparison of XPS between used and fresh catalyst, shows that the major cause of the deactivation is the competitive adsorption of intermediates onto the surface active sites of the catalyst. Simple cleaning by deionized water, light irradiation, acid or base purging can not refresh the catalyst. However, ethanol with ultrasonic vibration can recover its activity well, as further demonstrates that the deactivation is because of that active sites are occupied by organic intermediates. Calcination is an effective way to recover the catalyst activity.