비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

After two decades of research and development, elliptic curve cryptography now has widespread exposure and acceptance. Industry, banking, and government standards are in place to facilitate extensive deployment of this efficient public-key mechanism. Anchored by a comprehensive treatment of the practical aspects of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), this guide explains the basic mathematics, describes state-of-the-art implementation methods, and presents standardized protocols for public-key encryption, digital signatures, and key establishment. In addition, the book addresses some issues that arise in software and hardware implementation, as well as side-channel attacks and countermeasures. Readers receive the theoretical fundamentals as an underpinning for a wealth of practical and accessible knowledge about efficient application. Features & Benefits: * Breadth of coverage and unified, integrated approach to elliptic curve cryptosystems * Describes important industry and government protocols, such as the FIPS 186-2 standard from the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology * Provides full exposition on techniques for efficiently implementing finite-field and elliptic curve arithmetic* Distills complex mathematics and algorithms for easy understanding* Includes useful literature references, a list of algorithms, and appendices on sample parameters, ECC standards, and software toolsThis comprehensive, highly focused reference is a useful and indispensable resource for practitioners, professionals, or researchers in computer science, computer engineering, network design, and network data security.

https://cdn.preterhuman.net/texts/cryptography/Hankerson,%20Menezes,%20Vanstone.%20Guide%20to%20elliptic%20curve%20cryptography%20(Springer,%202004)(ISBN%20038795273X)(332s)_CsCr_.pdf

Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Most of the signal processing that we will study in this course involves local operations on a signal, namely transforming the signal by applying linear combinations of values in the neighborhood of each sample point. You are familiar with such operations from Calculus, namely, taking derivatives and you are also familiar with this from optics namely blurring a signal. We will be looking at sampled signals only. Let's start with a few basic examples. Local difference Suppose we have a 1D image and we take the local difference of intensities, DI(x) = 1 2 (I(x + 1) − I(x − 1)) which give a discrete approximation to a partial derivative. (We compute this for each x in the image.) What is the effect of such a transformation? One key idea is that such a derivative would be useful for marking positions where the intensity changes. Such a change is called an edge. It is important to detect edges in images because they often mark locations at which object properties change. These can include changes in illumination along a surface due to a shadow boundary, or a material (pigment) change, or a change in depth as when one object ends and another begins. The computational problem of finding intensity edges in images is called edge detection. We could look for positions at which DI(x) has a large negative or positive value. Large positive values indicate an edge that goes from low to high intensity, and large negative values indicate an edge that goes from high to low intensity. Example Suppose the image consists of a single (slightly sloped) edge:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31307/01456462.pdf

Linear systems

Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.

Design challenges for energy-constrained ad hoc wireless networks

Input compression and efficient VLSI architectures for rank order and stack filters

In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed to develop high throughput decoder for structured (quasi-cyclic) low density parity check (LDPC) block codes. Based on the properties of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, the two stages of belief propagation decoding algorithm could be overlapped and thus the overall decoding latency is reduced. To avoid the memory access conflict, the maximum concurrency of the two stages is explored by a novel scheduling algorithm. Consequently, the decoding throughput could be increased by almost twice assuming dual-port memory is available.

/pdf/high-throughput-overlapped-message-passing-for-low-density-5sadroygvr.pdf

High throughput overlapped message passing for low density parity check codes

This paper presents a fast highly regular digit-serial complex-number multiplier-accumulator (CMAC) architecture which is well suited for VLSI implementations. This paper makes two contributions. First, several complex-number representation schemes are discussed. It is shown that the real-imaginary alternate (RIA) scheme is the best among all representation schemes and the prior designs of CMACs based on the radix-(2j) redundant complex number system (RCNS) are not efficient with respect to hardware complexity and processing speed. Second, digit-serial CMAC architectures which can be pipelined at fine-grain level to increase the throughput rate are designed based on carry-save configuration.

High-performance digit-serial complex-number multiplier-accumulator

Fully-Static Rate-Optimal Scheduling of Iterative Data-Flow Programs via Optimum Unfolding.

This thesis is devoted to several efficient VLSI architecture design issues in errorcorrecting coding, including finite field arithmetic, (Generalized) Low-Density ParityCheck (LDPC) codes, and Reed-Solomon codes. A systematic low-complexity bit-parallel finite field multiplier design approach is proposed. This design approach is applicable to GF (2m) constructed by arbitrary irreducible polynomials. It effectively exploits the spatial correlation in the bit-parallel finite field multiplication to reduce the hardware complexity. A systematic low-complexity design approach for modified bit-parallel multiplier that is desirable for GF (2m) constructed by high-Hamming weight irreducible polynomials is also proposed. For the hardware implementation of LDPC code decoder, the finite precision analysis is performed to develop a quantization scheme considering the tradeoff between hardware complexity and LDPC code error-correcting capability. A joint (3, k)-regular LDPC code and codec design approach is proposed to develop good (3, k)-regular LDPC codes that exactly fit to high-speed partly parallel decoder and low-complexity encoder implementations. A modified joint design approach is proposed to further reduce the decoder hardware complexity for those high-rate (3, k)-regular LDPC codes applied to silicon area critical applications. To demonstrate this joint design methodology, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) implementation of a (3, 6)-regular LDPC partly parallel decoder is realized using Xilinx virtex-E device. This decoder can achieve upto 54Mbps symbol decoding throughput and BER of 10−6 at 2dB over AWGN channel. Generalized Low-Density (GLD) Parity-Check has been proposed as an alternative to the product code. This thesis considers the practical GLD codec VLSI design. An approach is proposed to reduce the GLD encoding complexity, which can be effectively implemented using hardware/software codesign. It has been shown that Max-Log-MAP algorithm is a promising candidate decoding scheme for practical GLD coding systems by developing several techniques to reduce the GLD decoding complexity. A Berlekamp-Massey algorithm transformation is performed for high-speed errorsand-erasures RS decoder implementation. A regular hardware architecture is presented to implement the reformulated Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, and an operation scheduling scheme is proposed to reduce the hardware complexity without loss of speed.

Keshab K. Parhi

Papers

Input compression and efficient VLSI architectures for rank order and stack filters

High throughput overlapped message passing for low density parity check codes

High-performance digit-serial complex-number multiplier-accumulator

Fully-Static Rate-Optimal Scheduling of Iterative Data-Flow Programs via Optimum Unfolding.

Efficient VLSI Architectures for Error-Correcting Coding