비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

After two decades of research and development, elliptic curve cryptography now has widespread exposure and acceptance. Industry, banking, and government standards are in place to facilitate extensive deployment of this efficient public-key mechanism. Anchored by a comprehensive treatment of the practical aspects of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), this guide explains the basic mathematics, describes state-of-the-art implementation methods, and presents standardized protocols for public-key encryption, digital signatures, and key establishment. In addition, the book addresses some issues that arise in software and hardware implementation, as well as side-channel attacks and countermeasures. Readers receive the theoretical fundamentals as an underpinning for a wealth of practical and accessible knowledge about efficient application. Features & Benefits: * Breadth of coverage and unified, integrated approach to elliptic curve cryptosystems * Describes important industry and government protocols, such as the FIPS 186-2 standard from the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology * Provides full exposition on techniques for efficiently implementing finite-field and elliptic curve arithmetic* Distills complex mathematics and algorithms for easy understanding* Includes useful literature references, a list of algorithms, and appendices on sample parameters, ECC standards, and software toolsThis comprehensive, highly focused reference is a useful and indispensable resource for practitioners, professionals, or researchers in computer science, computer engineering, network design, and network data security.

https://cdn.preterhuman.net/texts/cryptography/Hankerson,%20Menezes,%20Vanstone.%20Guide%20to%20elliptic%20curve%20cryptography%20(Springer,%202004)(ISBN%20038795273X)(332s)_CsCr_.pdf

Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Most of the signal processing that we will study in this course involves local operations on a signal, namely transforming the signal by applying linear combinations of values in the neighborhood of each sample point. You are familiar with such operations from Calculus, namely, taking derivatives and you are also familiar with this from optics namely blurring a signal. We will be looking at sampled signals only. Let's start with a few basic examples. Local difference Suppose we have a 1D image and we take the local difference of intensities, DI(x) = 1 2 (I(x + 1) − I(x − 1)) which give a discrete approximation to a partial derivative. (We compute this for each x in the image.) What is the effect of such a transformation? One key idea is that such a derivative would be useful for marking positions where the intensity changes. Such a change is called an edge. It is important to detect edges in images because they often mark locations at which object properties change. These can include changes in illumination along a surface due to a shadow boundary, or a material (pigment) change, or a change in depth as when one object ends and another begins. The computational problem of finding intensity edges in images is called edge detection. We could look for positions at which DI(x) has a large negative or positive value. Large positive values indicate an edge that goes from low to high intensity, and large negative values indicate an edge that goes from high to low intensity. Example Suppose the image consists of a single (slightly sloped) edge:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31307/01456462.pdf

Linear systems

Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.

Design challenges for energy-constrained ad hoc wireless networks

Part 1 System applications: multimedia systems overview video compression audio compression system synchronization approaches digital versatile disk VLSI signal processing for very high speed digital subscriber loops (VDSL) cable modems wireless communication systems. Part 2 Programmable and custom architectures and algorithms: programmable DSPs RISC, video and media DSPs wireless DSPs motion estimation system design wavelet VLSI architectures DCT architectures lossless coders Viterbi decoders - algorithms and high performance architectures watermarking for multimedia systolic RLS adaptive filtering STAR-RLS filtering. Part 3 Advanced arithmetic architectures and design methodologies: division and square root finite field arithmetic cordic algorithms and architectures for fast and efficient vector-rotation implementation advanced systolic design low power design power estimation approaches system exploration for custom low power data storage and transfer hardware description and synthesis of DSP systems.

Digital Signal Processing for Multimedia Systems

This paper presents a novel classification-based optic disc (OD) segmentation algorithm that detects the OD boundary and the location of vessel origin (VO) pixel. First, the green plane of each fundus image is resized and morphologically reconstructed using a circular structuring element. Bright regions are then extracted from the morphologically reconstructed image that lie in close vicinity of the major blood vessels. Next, the bright regions are classified as bright probable OD regions and non-OD regions using six region-based features and a Gaussian mixture model classifier. The classified bright probable OD region with maximum Vessel-Sum and Solidity is detected as the best candidate region for the OD. Other bright probable OD regions within 1-disc diameter from the centroid of the best candidate OD region are then detected as remaining candidate regions for the OD. A convex hull containing all the candidate OD regions is then estimated, and a best-fit ellipse across the convex hull becomes the segmented OD boundary. Finally, the centroid of major blood vessels within the segmented OD boundary is detected as the VO pixel location. The proposed algorithm has low computation time complexity and it is robust to variations in image illumination, imaging angles, and retinal abnormalities. This algorithm achieves 98.8%–100% OD segmentation success and OD segmentation overlap score in the range of 72%–84% on images from the six public datasets of DRIVE, DIARETDB1, DIARETDB0, CHASE_DB1, MESSIDOR, and STARE in less than 2.14 s per image. Thus, the proposed algorithm can be used for automated detection of retinal pathologies, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and maculopathy.

Optic Disc Boundary and Vessel Origin Segmentation of Fundus Images

High-speed implementation of signal processing algorithms for digital transmission is addressed. The internal feedback or recursion in these algorithms makes it difficult to implement recursive systems concurrently using either pipelining or parallelism. In the past, look-ahead computation techniques were successfully applied to create necessary concurrency in linear recursive and some nonlinear recursive operations (such as the add-compare-select operation). Novel computation approaches are proposed, and the look-ahead technique is extended to pipeline the feedback loops containing finite-level quantizers. Approaches to pipeline piecewise-linear recursive systems are presented. The proposed architectures are suitable for real-time high-speed implementation of quantizer loop operations where the levels of quantizer and the order of the loops are small. >

Pipelining in algorithms with quantizer loops

Systematic synthesis of digital signal processing (DSP) data format converter architectures using the minimum number of registers is addressed. Systematic lifetime analysis is used to calculate the minimum number of registers needed for the converter. A novel forward-backward register allocation technique is proposed for the synthesis of the converter; this allocation technique requires less area for the implementation of control circuits than a simpler forward-circulate allocation scheme. Furthermore, the forward-backward allocation scheme guarantees completion and sustains the interframe pipelining rate, whereas the forward-circulate scheme does not guarantee completion of the allocation. Examples of data format converters studied include matrix transposers, and a general (m, d/sub 1/) to (n, d/sub 2/)(w) converter, which processes m words and d/sub 1/ bits per word in one input cycle and outputs n words and d/sub 2/ bits per word in each output cycle. >

Systematic synthesis of DSP data format converters using life-time analysis and forward-backward register allocation

In the past few years, Gallager's low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes received a lot of attention and many efforts have been devoted to analyzing and improving their error-correcting performance. However, little consideration has been given to the LDPC decoder VLSI implementation. The straightforward fully parallel decoder architecture usually incurs too high complexity for many practical purposes and should be transformed to a partly parallel realization. Unfortunately, due to the randomness of LDPC codes, it is nearly impossible to develop an effective transformation for an arbitrarily given LDPC code. We propose a joint code and decoder design approach to construct a class of (3, k)-regular LDPC codes which exactly fit a partly parallel decoder implementation and have a very good performance. Moreover, for such LDPC codes, we propose a systematic, efficient encoding scheme by effectively exploiting the sparseness of its parity check matrix.

Keshab K. Parhi

Papers

Digital Signal Processing for Multimedia Systems

Optic Disc Boundary and Vessel Origin Segmentation of Fundus Images

Pipelining in algorithms with quantizer loops

Systematic synthesis of DSP data format converters using life-time analysis and forward-backward register allocation

VLSI implementation-oriented (3, k)-regular low-density parity-check codes