비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

After two decades of research and development, elliptic curve cryptography now has widespread exposure and acceptance. Industry, banking, and government standards are in place to facilitate extensive deployment of this efficient public-key mechanism. Anchored by a comprehensive treatment of the practical aspects of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), this guide explains the basic mathematics, describes state-of-the-art implementation methods, and presents standardized protocols for public-key encryption, digital signatures, and key establishment. In addition, the book addresses some issues that arise in software and hardware implementation, as well as side-channel attacks and countermeasures. Readers receive the theoretical fundamentals as an underpinning for a wealth of practical and accessible knowledge about efficient application. Features & Benefits: * Breadth of coverage and unified, integrated approach to elliptic curve cryptosystems * Describes important industry and government protocols, such as the FIPS 186-2 standard from the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology * Provides full exposition on techniques for efficiently implementing finite-field and elliptic curve arithmetic* Distills complex mathematics and algorithms for easy understanding* Includes useful literature references, a list of algorithms, and appendices on sample parameters, ECC standards, and software toolsThis comprehensive, highly focused reference is a useful and indispensable resource for practitioners, professionals, or researchers in computer science, computer engineering, network design, and network data security.

https://cdn.preterhuman.net/texts/cryptography/Hankerson,%20Menezes,%20Vanstone.%20Guide%20to%20elliptic%20curve%20cryptography%20(Springer,%202004)(ISBN%20038795273X)(332s)_CsCr_.pdf

Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Most of the signal processing that we will study in this course involves local operations on a signal, namely transforming the signal by applying linear combinations of values in the neighborhood of each sample point. You are familiar with such operations from Calculus, namely, taking derivatives and you are also familiar with this from optics namely blurring a signal. We will be looking at sampled signals only. Let's start with a few basic examples. Local difference Suppose we have a 1D image and we take the local difference of intensities, DI(x) = 1 2 (I(x + 1) − I(x − 1)) which give a discrete approximation to a partial derivative. (We compute this for each x in the image.) What is the effect of such a transformation? One key idea is that such a derivative would be useful for marking positions where the intensity changes. Such a change is called an edge. It is important to detect edges in images because they often mark locations at which object properties change. These can include changes in illumination along a surface due to a shadow boundary, or a material (pigment) change, or a change in depth as when one object ends and another begins. The computational problem of finding intensity edges in images is called edge detection. We could look for positions at which DI(x) has a large negative or positive value. Large positive values indicate an edge that goes from low to high intensity, and large negative values indicate an edge that goes from high to low intensity. Example Suppose the image consists of a single (slightly sloped) edge:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31307/01456462.pdf

Linear systems

Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.

Design challenges for energy-constrained ad hoc wireless networks

10GBASE-T (10 gigabit Ethernet over unshielded twisted pairs) will probably use a 10-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM10) as well as a 4D trellis code similar to the one in 1000BASE-T (1000 megabit Ethernet over copper medium). The trellis code can be used in a conventional way as in 1000BASE-T, but the corresponding decoder with a long critical path needs to operate at 833 MHz. To solve the problem, two interleaved trellis coded modulation schemes were proposed in our previous work. The inherent decoding speed requirements can be relaxed by factors of 4 and 2, respectively. Due to intersymbol interference (ISI), the branch metric units in the decoders corresponding to the two interleaved modulation schemes are much more complicated than those in the conventional decoder. Thus, this paper considers the problem of complexity reduction of the decoders for the two interleaved modulation schemes. Two complexity reduction schemes are proposed. Simulation results show that the performance loss due to complexity reduction is negligible.

Complexity reduction of the decoders for interleaved trellis coded modulation schemes for 10 gigabit Ethernet over copper

In this paper, we present two parallel LMS adaptive filtering algorithms with low hardware. The proposed parallel algorithm 1 doesn't alter the input-output behavior and saves large amount of hardware cost of previous designs, especially when the parallelism level is high. For example, it saves 68.4% of the multiplications and 4.7% of the additions, of those of prior fast parallel adaptive filtering algorithms when parallelism level is 72 and the filter length N is large. The proposed parallel algorithm 2, while maintaining the same performance, can further save 5.56% to 12.5% of the multipliers and 8.54% to 24.9% of the additions when the level of parallelism varies from 3 to 72

Low Cost Parallel Adaptive Filter Structures

This paper presents an efficient VLSI architecture of the pipeline fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor based on radix-4 decimation-in-time algorithm with the use of digit-serial arithmetic units. By combining both the feedforward and feedback commutator schemes, the proposed architecture can not only achieve nearly 100% hardware utilization, but also require much less memory compared with the previous digit-serial FFT processors. Furthermore, in FFT processors, several modules of ROM are required for the storage of twiddle factors. By exploiting the redundancy of the factors, the overall ROM size can be effectively reduced by a factor of 2.

An efficient pipelined FFT architecture.

To achieve additional speedup in rank order and stack filter architectures requires the use of parallel processing techniques such as pipelining and block processing. Pipelining is well understood but few block architectures have been developed for rank order and stack filtering. Block processing is essential when the architecture reaches the throughput limits caused by the underlying technology. A trivial block structure repeats a single input, single output structure to generate a multiple input, multiple output structure and can achieve speedups equal to the block size (or the number of multiple outputs). Unlike linear filters, the rank order and stack filter outputs are calculated using comparisons. It is possible to share these comparisons within the block structure. The authors introduce a systematic method for applying block processing to the rank order and stack filters. This method takes advantage of shared comparisons within the block structure to generate a block filter with shared substructures whose complexity is reduced. Furthermore, block processing is important for the generation of low power designs. Trivial block structures generate low power designs up to a certain limit. The authors demonstrate how block structures with shared substructures are used to generate designs with arbitrarily low power. >

Parallel processing architectures for rank order and stack filters

This paper introduces memristors realized by molecular and DNA reactions. Molecular memristors process one input molecule, generate two output molecules, and are realized using two molecular reactions with two different rate constants. The DNA memristors are realized using five DNA strand displacement (DSD) reactions with two effective rate constants. The hysteresis behavior is preserved in the proposed memristors, and this behavior can be altered by changing the ratios of the rate constants. The state of the memristor can be computed from the concentrations of the two output molecules using bipolar fractional coding. We describe how the proposed memristors can be used to learn the spatial and temporal properties of data via the reservoir computing (RC) model. An RC system can be divided into two parts: reservoir and readout layer. The first part transfers the information from the input space to a high-dimensional spatiotemporal feature space represented by the state of reservoirs. The connectivity structure of the reservoir will remain fixed through the dynamical evaluations. The readout layer effectively maps the projected features to the target output. A dynamical memristor array is used to implement an RC system that exploits the internal dynamical processes of the memristors. The readout layer implements a matrix-vector multiplication using molecular reactions, also based on bipolar fractional coding. All molecular reactions are mapped to DSD reactions. The RC system based on the DNA reservoir and the DNA readout layer is used to solve a handwritten digit recognition task and a second-order time series prediction task. The performance of the DNA RC system is comparable to that of an electronic memristor RC system for both tasks.

Keshab K. Parhi

Papers

Complexity reduction of the decoders for interleaved trellis coded modulation schemes for 10 gigabit Ethernet over copper

Low Cost Parallel Adaptive Filter Structures

An efficient pipelined FFT architecture.

Parallel processing architectures for rank order and stack filters

DNA Memristors and Their Application to Reservoir Computing.