Showing papers by "Mahmood Ameen Abdulla published in 2012"
TL;DR: Significant increased in the pH, mucus of gastric content and high levels of PGE2, SOD and reduced amount of MDA was observed and the plant promotes ulcer protection as it shows significant reduction of ulcer area grossly.
Abstract: Jasminum sambac is used in folk medicine as the treatment of many diseases. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts of J. sambac leaves against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Seven groups of rats were orally pre-treated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as normal group, CMC as ulcer group, 20 mg/kg of omeprazole as positive group, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of extract as the experimental groups, respectively. An hour later, CMC was given orally to normal group and acidified ethanol solution was given orally to the ulcer control, positive control, and the experimental groups. The rats were sacrificed after an hour later. Acidity of gastric content, the gastric wall mucus, ulcer areas, and histology and immunohistochemistry of the gastric wall were assessed. Gastric homogenates were determined for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), andmalondialdehyde (MDA) content. Ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury as compared with omeprazole or extract which shows significant protection towards gastric mucosal injury the plant promotes ulcer protection as it shows significant reduction of ulcer area grossly, and histology showed marked reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared with ulcer group. Immunohistochemistry showed overexpression of Hsp70 protein and downexpression of Bax protein in rats pretreated with extract. Significant increased in the pH, mucus of gastric content and high levels of PGE2, SOD and reduced amount of MDA was observed.
123 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of ZnHMS might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine-mediated oxidative damage to the gastric mucosa.
77 citations
TL;DR: It can be concluded that Turnera diffusa possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to lipid peroxidation inhibitory, immuno modulatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of arbutin but not to the intervention with nitric oxide inflammation pathway.
76 citations
TL;DR: Progression of liver cirrhosis induced by TAA in rats can be intervened using the PN extract and these effects are comparable to those of silymarin.
Abstract: A preclinical study was performed to determine if the extract from Phyllanthus niruri (PN) plays a protective role against liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Initially, acute toxicity was tested and the results showed that the extract was benign when applied to healthy rats. Next, the therapeutic effect of the extract was investigated using five groups of rats: control, TAA, silymarin, and PN high dose and low dose groups. Significant differences were observed between the TAA group and the other groups regarding body and liver weights, liver biochemical parameters, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress enzyme levels. Gross visualization indicated coarse granules on the surface of the hepatotoxic rats' livers, in contrast to the smoother surface in the livers of the silymarin and PN-treated rats. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis, lymphocytes infiltration in the centrilobular region, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation in the livers of the hepatotoxic rats. But, the livers of the treated rats had comparatively minimal inflammation and normal lobular architecture. Silymarin and PN treatments effectively restored these measurements closer to their normal levels. Progression of liver cirrhosis induced by TAA in rats can be intervened using the PN extract and these effects are comparable to those of silymarin.
74 citations
TL;DR: The gastroprotective effect of the Copper (II) complex may possibly be due to preservation of gastric wall mucus; increase in PGE2 synthesis; GSH, SOD, and NO up-regulation of Hsp70 protein; decrease in MDA level; and down- regulation of Bax protein.
Abstract: Background:
Copper is an essential element in various metabolisms. The investigation was carried out to evaluate Acute gastroprotective effects of the Copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in rats.
Methodology/Principal Findings:
Rats were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were orally administered with Tween 20 (10% v/v). Group 3 was orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole (10% Tween 20). Groups 4-7 received 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of the complex (10% Tween 20), respectively. Tween 20 (10% v/v) was given orally to group 1 and absolute ethanol was given orally to groups 2-7, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 1 h. Group 2 exhibited severe superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions. Gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved by the pre-treatment complex. The results showed a significant increase in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) activities and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Histology showed marked reduction of hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in groups 4-7. Immunohistochemical staining showed up-regulation of Hsp70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. PAS staining of groups 4-7 showed intense stain uptake of gastric mucosa. The Acute Toxicity revealed the non-toxic nature of the compound.
Conclusion/Significance:
The gastroprotective effect of the Copper (II) complex may possibly be due to preservation of gastric wall mucus; increase in PGE(2) synthesis; GSH, SOD, and NO up-regulation of Hsp70 protein; decrease in MDA level; and down-regulation of Bax protein.
67 citations
TL;DR: The authors' data provide first evidence that P. chinense extract could significantly prevent gastric ulcer and Acute toxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the extract.
Abstract: Polygonum chinense is a Malaysian ethnic plant with various healing effects. This study was to determine preventive effect of aqueous leaf extract of P. chinense against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. The normal and ulcer control groups were orally administered with distilled water. The reference group was orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. The experimental groups received the extracts 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, accordingly. After sixty minutes, distilled water and absolute ethanol were given (5 mL/kg) to the normal control and the others, respectively. In addition to histology, immunohistochemical and periodic acid schiff (PAS) stains, levels of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The ulcer group exhibited severe mucosal damages. The experimental groups significantly reduced gastric lesions and MDA levels and increased SOD level. Immunohistochemistry of the experimental groups showed upregulation and downregulation of Hsp70 and Bax proteins, respectively. PAS staining in these groups exhibited intense staining as compared to the ulcer group. Acute toxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the extract. Our data provide first evidence that P. chinense extract could significantly prevent gastric ulcer.
60 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of wounds created in four groups of rat in posterior neck region revealed that the rate of wound healing was significantly accelerated in the wound dressed with A. paniculata extract compared to the blank placebo, and A.paniculata extracts significantly enhanced rate of wounds healing in rats.
54 citations
TL;DR: Glucan-rich polysaccharide of P. sajor-caju can serve as a potential agent for prevention of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Abstract: Pleurotus sajor-caju (P sajor-caju) has been extremely useful in the prevention of diabetes mellitus due to its low fat and high soluble fiber content for thousands of years Insulin resistance is a key component in the development of diabetes mellitus which is caused by inflammation In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vivo efficacy of glucan-rich polysaccharide of P sajor-caju (GE) against diabetes mellitus and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a high-fat diet The mice were randomly assigned to 7 groups (n=6 per group) The control groups in this study were ND (for normal diet) and HFD (for high-fat diet) The treated groups were ND240 (for normal diet) (240 mg/kg bw) and HFD60, HFD120 and HFD240 (for high-fat), where the mice were administrated with three dosages of GE (60, 120, 240 mg GE/kg bw respectively) Metformin (2 mg/kg bw) served as positive control The glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin levels were measured at the end of 16 weeks Expressions of genes for inflammatory markers, GLUT-4 and adiponectin in the adipose tissue of the mice were assessed One-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests (DMRT) were used to determine the significant differences between groups GE treated groups improved the glucose tolerance, attenuated hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the mice by up-regulating the adiponectin and GLUT-4 gene expressions The mice in GE treated groups did not develop insulin resistance GE also down-regulated the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, SAA2, CRP and MCP-1) via attenuation of nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB) Glucan-rich polysaccharide of P sajor-caju can serve as a potential agent for prevention of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation
50 citations
TL;DR: The present study showed that P. giganteus was able to prevent or reduce the severity of TAA-induced liver injury and showed lower liver body weight ratio, restored levels of serum liver biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters comparable to treatment with the standard drug silymarin.
Abstract: Panus giganteus, a culinary and medicinal mushroom consumed by selected indigenous communities in Malaysia, is currently being considered for large scale cultivation. This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus against thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with TAA thrice weekly and were orally administered freeze-dried fruiting bodies of P. giganteus (0.5 or 1 g/kg) daily for two months, while control rats were given vehicle or P. giganteus only. After 60 days, rats administered with P. giganteus showed lower liver body weight ratio, restored levels of serum liver biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters comparable to treatment with the standard drug silymarin. Gross necropsy and histopathological examination further confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus. This is the first report on hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus. The present study showed that P. giganteus was able to prevent or reduce the severity of TAA-induced liver injury.
48 citations
TL;DR: A series of Schiff bases derived from 2-acetylpyridne and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral studies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A series of Schiff bases derived from 2-acetylpyridne and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral studies. The complexes were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumanni (AC), Klebsiella pneumonie (KB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) using the disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. Based on the overall results, the complexes showed the highest activities against MRSA while a weak antibacterial activity was observed against A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa.
47 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that O. stamineus showed high antioxidant activity and may be considered as an immunomodulatory agent in vitro and has remarkable activity against PBMCs.
Abstract: Orthosiphon stamineus is considered an important traditional folk medicine. In this study ethanol and aqueous extracts of O. stamineus were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant, antimicrobial as well as for their immunomodulatory properties on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The DPPH radical scavenging method was used for the determination of antioxidant activity, while the antibacterial efficacy was investigated by both disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). Furthermore, the immunomodulatory potential of the extracts was investigated through the MTT assay. Aqueous extract of O. stamineus exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with IC50 9.6 µg/mL, whereas the IC50 for the ethanol extract was 21.4 µg/mL. The best antimicrobial activity was shown by the aqueous extract of O. stamineus against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zone of 10.5 mm and MIC value 1.56 mg/mL.
TL;DR: It was shown that Gelam honey dressing on excisional wound accelerated the process of wound healing, and Honey-treated wounds exhibited less scab and only thin scar formations.
Abstract: Honey is one of the oldest substances used in wound management. Efficacy of Gelam honey in wound healing was evaluated in this paper. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of 24 rats each (untreated group, saline group, Intrasite Gel group, and Gelam honey group) with 2 cm by 2 cm full thickness, excisional wound created on neck area. Wounds were dressed topically according to groups. Rats were sacrificed on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 of treatments. Wounds were then processed for macroscopic and histological observations. Gelam-honey-dressed wounds healed earlier (day 13) than untreated and saline treated groups, as did wounds treated with Intrasite Gel. Honey-treated wounds exhibited less scab and only thin scar formations. Histological features demonstrated positive effects of Gelam honey on the wounds. This paper showed that Gelam honey dressing on excisional wound accelerated the process of wound healing.
TL;DR: Khat could be associated with hepatic hypertrophy and hepatotoxicity in male and femaleSD-rats and nephrotoxicity only in female SD-rats.
Abstract: Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of Khat consumption (Catha edulis Forskal) have been evoked. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate such possible hepatorenal toxicity in female and male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats) focusing primarily on liver and kidney. In addition, female and male rats were investigated separately. Accordingly, forty-eight SD-rats (100-120 g) were distributed randomly into four groups of males and female (n = 12). Normal controls (NCs) received distilled water, whereas test groups received 500 mg/kg (low dose (LD)), 1000 mg/kg (medium dose (MD)), or 2000 mg/kg (high dose (HD)) of crude extract of Catha edulis orally for 4 weeks. Then, physical, biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were analyzed. Results in Khat-fed rats showed hepatic enlargement, abnormal findings in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of male and female SD-rats and serum albumin (A) and serum creatinine (Cr) of female as compared to controls. In addition, histopathological abnormalities confirmed hepatic and renal toxicities of Khat that were related to heavy Khat consumption. In summary, Khat could be associated with hepatic hypertrophy and hepatotoxicity in male and female SD-rats and nephrotoxicity only in female SD-rats.
TL;DR: The results showed that the MM extract is safe even at a high dose of 5,000 mg/kg and has no oral toxicity, and suggest the excellent medicinal bioactivity of MM and explain the popularity of this plant in the folk medicine as a remedy for different illnesses.
Abstract: Melastoma malabathricum (MM) is a well-known plant in Malaysian traditional medicine, locally known as senduduk. Its ethanol and aqueous extracts have been used in the present investigation to study the immunomodulatory role on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP free radical scavenging activities were also measured. Total flavonoids and total phenolic contents were assayed and the antibacterial effect was tested against four species of bacteria; two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsilla pneumonia). The tests were carried out using the disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Moreover, the acute toxicity was evaluated in vivo on the ethanol extract of MM to establish its safety when administered orally. In our results, both extracts of MM showed abilities to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, IC(50) values: (11.599 ± 0.84, 10.573 ± 0.58 µmol/L) and (62.657 ± 0.78, 63.939 ± 0.48 µmol/L) for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Indeed the ethanol extract evidenced high phenolic content (384.33 ± 0.005 mg/g), flavonoids contents (85.8 ± 0.009 mg/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (33,590 ± 0.038 mmol/g), with high activity against S. aureus and S. agalactiae (11 ± 0.3 and 12 ± 0.6 mm inhibition zones). Likewise, the percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) viability was increased in response to MM, IC(50) values (1.781 ± 1.2 and 6.545 ± 0.93 µg/mL) for ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. In addition, our results showed that the MM extract is safe even at a high dose of 5,000 mg/kg and has no oral toxicity. These findings suggest the excellent medicinal bioactivity of MM and explain the popularity of this plant in the folk medicine as a remedy for different illnesses.
TL;DR: The ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction was considered to be the best fraction for mucous protection in the ethanol induction model and the mechanisms underlying this protection were attributed to the synthesis of antioxidants and PGE2.
Abstract: The leaves of Polygonum minus were fractionated using an eluting solvent to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic activity of P. minus. Different P. minus fractions were obtained and evaluated for their ulcer preventing capabilities using the ethanol induction method. In this study, Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150–200 g were used. Different parameters were estimated to identify the active fraction underlying the mechanism of the gastroprotective action of P. minus: the gastric mucus barrier, as well as superoxide dismutase, total hexosamine, and prostaglandin synthesis. Amongst the five fractions from the ethanolic extract of P. minus, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction (F2) significantly (p < 0.005) exhibited better inhibition of ulcer lesions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rats pre-treated with F2 showed a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD), hexosamine and PGE2 levels in the stomach wall mucosa in a dose-dependent matter. Based on these results, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction was considered to be the best fraction for mucous protection in the ethanol induction model. The mechanisms underlying this protection were attributed to the synthesis of antioxidants and PGE2.
TL;DR: N-(1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide was the most potent inhibitor of human acetyl cholinesterase, giving an inhibition rate of 77% at 100 μM and molecular docking simulation of the ligand-enzyme complex suggested that the lig and may be positioned in the enzyme’s active-site gorge, interacting with residues in the peripheral
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people and the pathogenesis of this disease is associated with oxidative stress. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant activities are considered potential treatments for AD. Some novel ketone derivatives of gallic hydrazide-derived Schiff bases were synthesized and examined for their antioxidant activities and in vitro and in silico acetyl cholinesterase inhibition. The compounds were characterized using spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays revealed that all the compounds have strong antioxidant activities. N -(1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide ( 2 ) was the most potent inhibitor of human acetyl cholinesterase, giving an inhibition rate of 77% at 100 μM. Molecular docking simulation of the ligand-enzyme complex suggested that the ligand may be positioned in the enzyme’s active-site gorge, interacting with residues in the peripheral anionic subsite (PAS) and acyl
TL;DR: The progression of the liver cirrhosis can be intervened using the ethanol-based BR extract, and the liver's status quo of property, structure, and function can be preserved.
Abstract: Background. Experimental research in hepatology has focused on developing traditional medicines into potential pharmacological solutions aimed at protecting liver from cirrhosis. Along the same line, this study investigated the effects of ethanol-based extract from a traditional medicine plant Boesenbergia rotunda (BR) on liver cirrhosis. Methodology/Results. The BR extract was tested for toxicity on 3 groups of rats subjected to vehicle (10% Tween 20, 5 mL/kg) and 2g/kg and 5g/kg doses of the extract, respectively. Next, experiments were conducted on a rat model of cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide injection. The rats were divided into five groups and, respectively, administered orally with 10% Tween-20 (5 mL/kg) (normal control group), 10% Tween-20 (5 mL/kg) (cirrhosis control group), 50 mg/kg of silymarin (reference control group), and 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of BR extract (experimental groups) daily for 8 weeks. The rats in normal group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile distilled water (1 mL/kg) 3 times/week, and those in the remaining groups were injected intraperitoneally with thioacetamide (200 mg/kg) thrice weekly. At the end of the 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and samples were collected for comprehensive histopathological, coagulation profile and biochemical evaluations. Also, the antioxidant activity of the BR extract was determined and compared with that of silymarin. Data from the acute toxicity tests showed that the extract was safe to use. Histological analysis of the livers of the rats in cirrhosis control group revealed uniform coarse granules on their surfaces, hepatocytic necrosis, and lymphocytes infiltration. But, the surfaces morphologically looked much smoother and the cell damage was much lesser in those livers from the normal control, silymarin and BR-treated groups. In the high-dose BR treatment group, the livers of the rats exhibited nearly normal looking lobular architecture, minimal inflammation, and minimal hepatocyte damage, the levels of the serum biomarkers and liver enzymes read nearly normal, and these results were all comparable to those observed or quantified from the normal and silymarin-treated groups. The BR extract had the antioxidant activity about half of what was recorded for silymarin. Conclusion. The progression of the liver cirrhosis can be intervened using the ethanol-based BR extract, and the liver’s status quo of property, structure, and function can be preserved. This capability of the extract warrants further studies exploring the significance of its pharmacologic potential in successfully treating the liver cirrhosis in humans.
TL;DR: It is clear that both extracts of P. niruri has excellent bioactivity roles via elevated levels of antibacterial, antioxidant and percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, which could lead to the development of medications for clinical use.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently much attention has been paid to biologically active plants because of their low production cost and fewer adverse effects compared with chemical drugs. In the present investigation the bioactivity of Phyllanthus niruri ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated invitro. RESULTS: The ethanol extract of P. niruri showed a high level of flavonoid content (123.9 ± 0.002 mg g −1 ), while the aqueous extract showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC50 6.85 ± 1.80 µmol L −1 )a nd 2,2 � -azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)(ABTS;46.44 ±0.53 µmol L −1 )freeradicalscavengingactivitieswithhighphenolcontent (376 ± 0.02 mg g −1 ) and elevated levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 23883 ± 0.019 mmol g −1 ) with excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm inhibition zone) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12 mm inhibition zone),respectively,inadditiontothebestimmuneactivationpotentialofhumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(450.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from our results that both extracts of P. niruri has excellent bioactivity roles via elevated levels of antibacterial, antioxidant and percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, which could lead to the development of medications for clinical use. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
TL;DR: The anti-inflammatory effects of columbin were studied in vitro, in silico and in vivo, and the compound was observed to be safe in vitro andIn vivo.
TL;DR: Pre-treatment with plant extract significantly reduced the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved, and a significant increase in SOD activity in gastric mucosal homogenate, whereas a significant decrease in MDA was observed.
Abstract: Current anti-gastric ulcer agents have side effects, despite the progression and expansion of advances in treatment. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective mechanisms of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats. For this purpose, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (normal control) rats were orally administered with vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose), Group 2 (ulcer control) rats were also orally administered with vehicle. Group 3 (positive control) rats were orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole, Groups 4 and 5 (experimental groups) received ethanol extract of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract at a concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Sixty minutes later, vehicle was given orally to the normal control group, and absolute ethanol was given orally to the ulcer control, positive control and experimental groups to generate gastric mucosal injury. The rats were sacrificed an hour later. The effect of oral administration of plant extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was studied grossly and histology. The level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde-MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gastric wall mucus were measured from gastric mucosal homogenate. The ulcer control group exhibited severe gastric mucosal injury, and this finding was also confirmed by histology of gastric mucosa which showed severe damage to the gastric mucosa with edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. Pre-treatment with plant extract significantly reduced the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved. The study also indicated a significant increase in SOD activity in gastric mucosal homogenate, whereas a significant decrease in MDA was observed. Acute toxicity tests did not show any signs of toxicity and mortality up to 5 g/kg. The ulcer protective effect of this plant may possibly be due to its preservation of gastric wall mucus along with increased SOD activity and reduction of oxidative stress (MDA). The extract is non-toxic, even at relatively high concentrations.
TL;DR: Aftamed gel is able to significantly accelerate the process of wound healing in diabetic rats, and was shown to significantly reduce the lipid peroxidation levels in the wounds as measured by the reduction in the MDA level.
Abstract: Background and Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activities of Aftamed and chlorine dioxide gels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Experimental Approach. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were chosen for this study, divided into 4 groups. Diabetes was induced. Two-centimeter-diameter full-thickness skin excision wounds were created. Animals were topically treated twice daily. Groups 1, the diabetic control group, were treated with 0.2 mL of sterile distilled water. Group 2 served as a reference standard were treated with 0.2 mL of Intrasite gel. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with 0.2 mL of Aftamed and 0.2 mL of chlorine dioxide gels respectively. Granulation tissue was excised on the 10th day and processed for histological and biochemical analysis. The glutathione peroxidase ,superoxide dismutase activities and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Results. Aftamed-treated wounds exhibited significant increases in hydroxyproline, cellular proliferation, the number of blood vessels, and the level of collagen synthesis. Aftamed induced an increase in the free radical-scavenging enzyme activity and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation levels in the wounds as measured by the reduction in the MDA level. Conclusions. This study showed that Aftamed gel is able to significantly accelerate the process of wound healing in diabetic rats.
TL;DR: The synthesis and the in vivo acute oral toxicity evaluations in Sprague Dawley rats exhibited low toxic effects as required for further in vivo therapeutic studies.
Abstract: The current study described the synthesis and the in vivo acute oral toxicity evaluations in Sprague Dawley rats. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, LC-MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the compounds was performed orally to the rats at the single doses of 2000 mg/kg and they were then monitored for possible side effects, mortality or behavioral changes up to 14 days. The serum level of aspartate (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulins (GAM) and the C-reactive proteins did not significantly change. The hematological indices white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were within the normal range. The renal function indices examined were also within the reference range. Generally, the compounds exhibited low toxic effects as required for further in vivo therapeutic studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors represent previous studies that have been conducted on polygonum minus huds and determine the chemical composition of this plant, which is a traditional Malaysian plant that has been used in the treatment of digestive disorders.
Abstract: In recent years, the bioactive properties of medicinal plants have been attracting the attention of scientists. Polygonum minus Huds is a traditional Malaysian plant that has been used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Several researchers have reported that P. minus Huds contains a high level of antioxidants, flavonoid and phenolic compounds which contain several bioactive properties. To explain the mechanism underlying these activities, researchers have attempted to determine the chemical composition of this plant. The aim of the current study is to represent previous studies that have been conducted on P. minus Huds.
Key words: Polygonum minus Huds, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, Anti ulcer, phytochemistry.
TL;DR: The present findings suggest that S. mahagoni ethanol leaf extract exhibit an anti-ulcer activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals.
Abstract: Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian mahogany) has been reported to have medicinal uses, such as treatment for hypertension, cancer, amoebiasis, chest pains and intestinal parasitism. The present study was performed to evaluate, the acute toxicity and anti-ulcer activity of S. mahagoni ethanol leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. 24 rats included in this study were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats each group. Group 1 rats (ulcer control group) were pre-treated with vehicle (Carboxyl methyl cellulose). Group 2 (reference group) was orally pretreated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. Group 3 and 4 (experimental groups) were orally pre-treated with S. mahagoni ethanol leaf extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively. After one hour later, all groups received absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. After an additional hour, all the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either omeprazole or plant extract resulted in significantly protection of gastric mucosal injury and increase in mucus production. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with S. mahagoni leaf extract. Histological studies of the gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats received either omeprazole or S. mahagoni leaf extract where there was marked gastric protection along with reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study with a higher dose of plant extract at 5 g/kg did not reveal any toxicological signs in rats. In conclusions, the present findings suggest that S. mahagoni ethanol leaf extract exhibit an anti-ulcer activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals.
Key words: Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract, gastric ulcer, histology.
TL;DR: The results suggest OPLE improves renal dysfunction and pathology in diabetes by reducing oxidative stress; furthermore, the protective effect of OPLE against renal damage in diabetes depends on the dose of OPle as well as progression of DN.
Abstract: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves extract (OPLE) has antioxidant properties and because oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), we tested the hypothesis that OPLE prevents diabetes renal oxidative stress, attenuating injury. Sprague-Dawley rats received OPLE (200 and 500 mg kg−1) for 4 and 12 weeks after diabetes induction (streptozotocin 60 mg kg−1). Blood glucose level, body and kidney weights, urine flow rate (UFR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and proteinuria were assessed. Oxidative stress variables such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxides (LPO) were quantified. Renal morphology was analysed, and plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) was measured. Diabetic rats demonstrated increase in blood glucose and decreased body and increased kidney weights. Renal dysfunction (proteinuria, elevations in UFR and GFR) was observed in association with increases in LPO, 8-OHdG, and TGF-β1 and a decrease in GSH. Histological evaluation of diabetic kidney demonstrated glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. OPLE attenuated renal dysfunction, improved oxidative stress markers, and reduced renal pathology in diabetic animals. These results suggest OPLE improves renal dysfunction and pathology in diabetes by reducing oxidative stress; furthermore, the protective effect of OPLE against renal damage in diabetes depends on the dose of OPLE as well as progression of DN.
TL;DR: Curcumin administration significantly reversed these effects and attenuated the MC-LR-induced reduction in the activities of CAT, GPH-Px, GSH as well as the MC"-induced increases in plasma and kidney lipid hydroperoxide.
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effect of curcumin on microcystin-LR (MC-LR)- induced renal oxidative damage in Balb/c mice. Methods: 40 male Balb/c mice were assigned randomly to 4 groups each having 10 mice. One group served as normal (saline treated) while another group was used as curcumin control. The third group was given MC-LR and used as toxin control. The fourth group was pre-treated with curcumin (300 mg/kg body wt) given orally once daily for 14 days before interperitoneal injection (i.p) of MC-LR (75 µg/kg body wt). Biochemical assays including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary glucose, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured. Renal biochemical tests such as protein carbonyl contents and DNA-protein cross-links, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, glutathione (GSH) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were evaluated. Results: Serum creatinine, BUN, urinary glucose, GGT increased in mice treated with MC-LR, while creatinine clearance decreased compared to controls (p < 0.001), indicating occurrence of tubular damage. There was increased protein carbonyl content and DNA-protein cross-links in the kidney homogenates of these mice. Curcumin administration significantly reversed these effects and attenuated the MC-LR-induced reduction in the activities of CAT, GPH-Px, GSH as well as the MC-LR-induced increases in plasma and kidney lipid hydroperoxide. Conclusion: These results indicate that curcumin possesses natural antioxidant properties that renders it a potent protective agent against renal oxidative damage mediated by microcystin-LR.
TL;DR: Extensive gastric necrosis in rats induced by absolute ethanol was prevented by administration of Cl-BzSO-HAP resulting in reduced or total absence of lesions.
Abstract: Purpose: To study the anti-ulcer activity of 2’-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) benzenesulfanohydrazide Schiff base against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Methods: 2’-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) benzenesulfano-hydrazide (Cl-BzSO-HAP) was synthesized, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR and C-NMR. Its preventive activity against ulcer induced by absolute ethanol in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in vivo. Twenty four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (12 males and 12 females) were assigned equally into 4 groups (n = 6), including negative control and positive control groups. The third group received a low oral dose of the compound (50 mg/kg) while the fourth group was administered a high oral dose (100 mg/kg). The degree of gastric lesion formation was assessed. Prior to dosing, the animals were fasted overnight. Results: Cl-BzSO-HAP showed significant preventive activity against ulcer induced by absolute ethanol. Oral administration of the compound (both low and high doses) prior to ethanol administration inhibited gastric lesion formation by 88.0 and 94.9 %, respectively, compared to 82.7 % for the positive control, cimetidine. Conclusion: Extensive gastric necrosis in rats induced by absolute ethanol was prevented by administration of Cl-BzSO-HAP resulting in reduced or total absence of lesions. Keywords: Benzenesulfanohydrazone, Schiff base, Gastric ulcer, Histology.
TL;DR: DLELE was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric area, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
Abstract: Dicranopteris linearis is a medicinal plant commonly used traditionaly in the treatment of many aliments. This study was performed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of ethanolic extracts of D. linearis leaf extract (DLELE) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in experimental rats. The rats were divided into four groups respectively pre-treated orally with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution (ulcer control groups), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), 250 and 500 mg/kg of DLELE (experimental groups) one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal damage. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. The ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas groups pre-treated with DLELE exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosa. These findings were also confirmed by histology of gastric wall. Significant increases in gastric mucus production and decrease in acidity of gastric content were observed in treated groups with DLELE compare to ulcer control group. In conclusion, treatment with DLELE prior to absolute alcohol has significantly protect gastric mucosa as ascertained grossly by significant reduction of ulcer area, increases in gastric mucus production and decrease the acidity of gastric content and histology by comparatively decreases in gastric mucosal injury, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to ulcer control group. DLELE was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric area, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
Key words: Dicranopteris linearis, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, mucus, histology.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Wounds dressed with Phyllanthus niruri extracts or Intrasite gel showed markedly less scar width at the wound enclosure with large amounts of fibroblasts proliferation, more mature and densely packed collagen and angiogenesis compared to wounds dressed with sterile deionized water or blank placebo.
Abstract: The study aims to study the wound healing activity of Phyllanthus niruri leaves extract in rats. Five groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. Group 1 animals were treated with sterile deionized water (negative control). Thin layer of blank placebo was applied topically to Group 2 rats. Groups 3 and 4 rats were dressed topically with thin layer of placebo containing 5% and 10% P. niruri extract, respectively. Intrasite gel was used as a positive control. Grossly, wounds treated with placebo containing 5%, 10% P. niruri extract or Intrasite gel significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing compared to wounds treated with sterile deionized water or dressed with blank placebo. Histological analysis of healed wounds confirmed the gross observations. Wounds dressed with placebo containing 5%, 10% P. niruri extracts or Intrasite gel showed markedly less scar width at the wound enclosure with large amounts of fibroblasts proliferation, more mature and densely packed collagen and angiogenesis compared to wounds dressed with sterile deionized water or blank placebo. These results strongly document the beneficial and significant effects of plant extract for the acceleration of wound healing enclosure in rats.
TL;DR: Leaves Extract of Muntingia Calabura Leaf Extract was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defence in the gastric area, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
Abstract: Aim: Muntingia calabura is a medicinal plant used popularly known in Malaysia against various diseases including peptic ulcer. This study was performed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of ethanolic extracts of Muntingia calabura Leaf Extract (MCELE) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in experimental rats. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups respectively pre-treated orally with Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) solution (ulcer control groups), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), 250 and 500 mg/kg of MCELE (experimental groups) one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal damage. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcerated areas of the gastric walls were determined. Results: The ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas groups pre-treated with the MCELE exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosa. These findings were also confirmed by histology of the gastric wall. Significant increases in gastric mucus production and decrease in acidity of gastric content were observed in the treated groups with MCELE compare to ulcer control group. Conclusions: The treatment with MCLELE prior to absolute alcohol has significantly protect gastric mucosa as ascertained by significant reduction of ulcer area, increases in gastric mucus production, decrease the acidity of gastric content and histology by comparatively decreases gastric mucosal injury, reduction of oedema and leukocyte infiltration of submucosal layer. MCELE was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defence in the gastric area, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent. *Corresponding author: Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: 966506612390; E-mail: jjurishi@yahoo.com Received December 12, 2012; Accepted December 28, 2012; Published December 31, 2012 Citation: Ibrahim IAA, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI, Al-Bayaty F, Majid NA (2012) Leaves Extract of Muntingia Calabura Protects Against Gastric Ulcer Induced by Ethanol in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol S5:004. doi:10.4172/21611459.S5-004 Copyright: © 2012 Ibrahim IAA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.