N.R. Thompson

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how X-ray free-electron lasers work, discuss the range of new sources being developed worldwide, and consider how such Xray sources may develop over the coming years.

TL;DR: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime and provides newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications.

TL;DR: The optics-free technique synthesizes a comb of longitudinal modes by applying a series of spatiotemporal shifts between the copropagating radiation and electron bunch in the free-electron laser to generate attosecond pulse trains of radiation.

TL;DR: The European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications (EuPRAXIA) as mentioned in this paper is a European facility with multi-GeV electron beams using plasma as the acceleration medium for photon science, high-energy physics (HEP) detector tests, and other applications such as compact X-ray sources for medical imaging or material processing.

TL;DR: A method is demonstrated that allows a planar wiggler high-gain Free-Electron-Laser amplifier to lase so that the interaction with an odd harmonic of the radiation field dominates that of the fundamental.