Shigekazu Tomizuka

TL;DR: The phylogeny of all major insect lineages reveals how and when insects diversified and provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.

TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes from all major insect orders and close relatives was performed by Misof et al. as discussed by the authors, who used this resolved phylogenetic tree together with fossil analysis to date the origin of insects to ~479 million years ago and to resolve longcontroversial subjects in insect phylogeny.

TL;DR: Two important findings are discussed: (1) degeneration of the pupal wing epithelium of females was not only due to apoptosis and phagocytotic activation but also to autophagy and epithelial cell shrinkage; and (2) 20E terminated the summer diapause of pupae, and triggered selective programmed cell death only of the female-pupal wing tissue in the wingless female winter moth.

TL;DR: It was confirmed, in contrast to the previous understanding, that the serosal cells do not degenerate, but participate in the formation of the body wall or definitive dorsal closure and a phylogeny formulated as "Ellipura (=Protura+Collembola)+Cercophora (=Diplura and Ectognatha)" was proposed.

TL;DR: The analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups, and the best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study.