1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

https://users.dimi.uniud.it/~antonio.dangelo/Robotica/2012/helper/leggedRobot/Ijspeert08NN.pdf

2008 Special Issue: Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review

The goal of this paper is to review in brief the basic physics of single-election devices, as well as their-current and prospective applications. These devices based on the controllable transfer of single electrons between small conducting "islands", have already enabled several important scientific experiments. Several other applications of analog single-election devices in unique scientific instrumentation and metrology seem quite feasible. On the other hand, the prospect of silicon transistors being replaced by single-electron devices in integrated digital circuits faces tough challenges and remains uncertain. Nevertheless, even if this replacement does not happen, single electronics will continue to play an important role by shedding light on the fundamental size limitations of new electronic devices. Moreover, recent research in this field has generated some by-product ideas which may revolutionize random-access-memory and digital-data-storage technologies.

Single-electron devices and their applications

The electronic properties of inorganic devices such as memristors can be used to simulate neurological behaviour. In particular, ionic and electronic effects in a silver sulphide device are now shown to mimic short- and long-term synaptic functions. Memory is believed to occur in the human brain as a result of two types of synaptic plasticity: short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP; refs 1, 2, 3, 4). In neuromorphic engineering5,6, emulation of known neural behaviour has proven to be difficult to implement in software because of the highly complex interconnected nature of thought processes. Here we report the discovery of a Ag2S inorganic synapse, which emulates the synaptic functions of both STP and LTP characteristics through the use of input pulse repetition time. The structure known as an atomic switch7,8, operating at critical voltages, stores information as STP with a spontaneous decay of conductance level in response to intermittent input stimuli, whereas frequent stimulation results in a transition to LTP. The Ag2S inorganic synapse has interesting characteristics with analogies to an individual biological synapse, and achieves dynamic memorization in a single device without the need of external preprogramming. A psychological model related to the process of memorizing and forgetting is also demonstrated using the inorganic synapses. Our Ag2S element indicates a breakthrough in mimicking synaptic behaviour essential for the further creation of artificial neural systems that emulate characteristics of human memory.

/pdf/short-term-plasticity-and-long-term-potentiation-mimicked-in-3c6onjbc0r.pdf

Short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation mimicked in single inorganic synapses

Computational geometry

We propose a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logic circuit based on the fusion computing systems––collisionbased and reaction–diffusion fusion computers. A fusion computing system consists of regularly arrayed unit cells (fusion gates), where each unit has two input arms and two output arms and is connected to its neighboring cells with the arms. We designed functional SFQ circuits that implemented the fusion computation. The unit cell was able to be made with ten Josephson junctions. Circuit simulation with standard Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb 2.5-kA/cm 2 process parameters showed that the SFQ fusion computing systems could operate at 10 GHz clock.

/pdf/single-flux-quantum-logic-circuits-exploiting-collision-3a4gg3ajuh.pdf

Single-flux-quantum logic circuits exploiting collision-based fusion gates

We will describe a cellular-automaton (CA) LSI that extracts quadrilateral objects, such as box areas filled with the same pixel values, from binary images. We propose an efficient CA algorithm, based on the reaction-diffusion chemical systems model. Each cell in the proposed CA is implemented by a digital circuit called an elemental processor. The CA LSI is constructed by a large number of elemental processors operating in parallel. This parallel operation ensures fast and efficient object extraction when the number of cells (processing pixels) increases. When we assumed a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process with the proposed circuits, the total area of the elemental processor was approximately 5 by 5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.

/pdf/a-quadrilateral-object-composer-for-binary-images-with-4adj1mr6r5.pdf

A quadrilateral-object composer for binary images with reaction-diffusion cellular automata

In this paper, we implement a model of an electric fish, Eigenmannia, that detects frequency differences between the individuals, on analog CMOS circuits The circuit's fundamental function is equivalent to a conventional “phase frequency comparator” The circuit consists of five elemental cell units that implement neural networks of the electric fish Using a simulation program of integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE), we demonstrate that the proposed circuit can detect the frequency difference

http://lalsie.ist.hokudai.ac.jp/publication/dlcenter.php?fn=paper/nolta_2011_fujita.pdf

A neuromorphic MOS circuit imitating jamming avoidance response of Eigenmannia

Mixed Crystal Tunnel Diode

A thermosensing circuit that changes its internal state steeply at a critical temperature is proposed The device makes use of the transition of a MOSFET resistor from strong-inversion operation to weak-inversion or subthreshold operation The temperature for the transition can be set to a desired value by adjusting the parameters of MOSFETs in the device The device can be made with a standard CMOS process and can be used as over-temperature and over-current protectors for LSI circuits

/pdf/critical-temperature-switch-a-highly-sensitive-thermosensing-59rz6wo6uw.pdf

Yoshihito Amemiya

Papers

Single-flux-quantum logic circuits exploiting collision-based fusion gates

A quadrilateral-object composer for binary images with reaction-diffusion cellular automata

A neuromorphic MOS circuit imitating jamming avoidance response of Eigenmannia

Mixed Crystal Tunnel Diode

Critical Temperature Switch: A Highly Sensitive Thermosensing Device Consisting of Subthreshold MOSFET Circuits