1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

https://users.dimi.uniud.it/~antonio.dangelo/Robotica/2012/helper/leggedRobot/Ijspeert08NN.pdf

2008 Special Issue: Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review

The goal of this paper is to review in brief the basic physics of single-election devices, as well as their-current and prospective applications. These devices based on the controllable transfer of single electrons between small conducting "islands", have already enabled several important scientific experiments. Several other applications of analog single-election devices in unique scientific instrumentation and metrology seem quite feasible. On the other hand, the prospect of silicon transistors being replaced by single-electron devices in integrated digital circuits faces tough challenges and remains uncertain. Nevertheless, even if this replacement does not happen, single electronics will continue to play an important role by shedding light on the fundamental size limitations of new electronic devices. Moreover, recent research in this field has generated some by-product ideas which may revolutionize random-access-memory and digital-data-storage technologies.

Single-electron devices and their applications

The electronic properties of inorganic devices such as memristors can be used to simulate neurological behaviour. In particular, ionic and electronic effects in a silver sulphide device are now shown to mimic short- and long-term synaptic functions. Memory is believed to occur in the human brain as a result of two types of synaptic plasticity: short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP; refs 1, 2, 3, 4). In neuromorphic engineering5,6, emulation of known neural behaviour has proven to be difficult to implement in software because of the highly complex interconnected nature of thought processes. Here we report the discovery of a Ag2S inorganic synapse, which emulates the synaptic functions of both STP and LTP characteristics through the use of input pulse repetition time. The structure known as an atomic switch7,8, operating at critical voltages, stores information as STP with a spontaneous decay of conductance level in response to intermittent input stimuli, whereas frequent stimulation results in a transition to LTP. The Ag2S inorganic synapse has interesting characteristics with analogies to an individual biological synapse, and achieves dynamic memorization in a single device without the need of external preprogramming. A psychological model related to the process of memorizing and forgetting is also demonstrated using the inorganic synapses. Our Ag2S element indicates a breakthrough in mimicking synaptic behaviour essential for the further creation of artificial neural systems that emulate characteristics of human memory.

/pdf/short-term-plasticity-and-long-term-potentiation-mimicked-in-3c6onjbc0r.pdf

Short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation mimicked in single inorganic synapses

Computational geometry

Deterministic Boltzmann Machine Learning Improved for Analog LSI Implementation

A compact complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit for depressing synapses is designed for demonstrating applications of spiking neural networks for contrast-invariant pattern classification and synchrony detection. Although the unit circuit consists of only five minimum-sized transistors, they emulate fundamental properties of depressing synapses. The results of the operations are evaluated by both experiments and simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE).

/pdf/a-mos-circuit-for-depressing-synapse-and-its-application-to-54e0cmugch.pdf

A MOS circuit for depressing synapse and its application to contrast-invariant pattern classification and synchrony detection

In this paper, we demonstrate stochastic resonance (SR) in a double-well potential system that can easily be implemented by a single operational amplifier. First, we propose a bistable mathematical model that is suitable for analog hardware implementation. Then we introduce an analog circuit for the model that is implemented by a single operational amplifier only, and demonstrate that the circuit exhibits the same SR behavior demonstrated in traditional double-well potential systems, through extensive numerical simulations and experiments.

Stochastic resonance in simple analog circuits with a single operational amplifier having a double-well potential

We propose a behavioral model of unipolar resistive RAMs (ReRAMs). The model integrates three behavioral characteristics of unipolar ReRAMs; i.e., i) ON/OFF resistive switching characteristics for transient voltage pulses, ii) I-V characteristics exhibiting ON/OFF resistive switching with current compliance, and iii) current-compliance dependence of both ON resistance and OFF threshold currents. The model is described by three nonlinear differential equations with several static functions, which enables us to employ the model in any numerical or circuit simulator. As an example, we integrate the model on HSPICE, and show the simulated results using experimental parameters extracted from fabricated ReRAMs of TiO2 thin films.

/pdf/a-behavioral-model-of-unipolar-resistive-rams-and-its-53h72ubk50.pdf

A behavioral model of unipolar resistive RAMs and its application to HSPICE integration

Reference LSM-ARTICLE-2005-003View record in Web of Science Record created on 2005-11-21, modified on 2017-05-10

/pdf/on-the-fault-tolerance-of-a-clustered-single-electron-neural-v6twxfcibb.pdf

Yoshihito Amemiya

Papers

Deterministic Boltzmann Machine Learning Improved for Analog LSI Implementation

A MOS circuit for depressing synapse and its application to contrast-invariant pattern classification and synchrony detection

Stochastic resonance in simple analog circuits with a single operational amplifier having a double-well potential

A behavioral model of unipolar resistive RAMs and its application to HSPICE integration

On the Fault-Tolerance of a Clustered Single-Electron Neural Network for Differential Enhancement