Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 1999"
TL;DR: Bacteria are ubiquitous and destroy nematodes in virtually all soils because of their constant association in the rhizosphere, and application of some of these bacteria has given very promising results.
316 citations
TL;DR: This review aims to recapitulate various studies on the role of free radicals in DNA damage-both nuclear as well as mitochondrial-the oxidative stress they impose on cells, the roles of antioxidants, the presence of autoantibodies, and their overall impact on the aging process.
315 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that curcumin is considerably more active both as an antioxidant as well as an oxidative DNA cleaving agent.
270 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fixed point theorem for a family of multivalued maps defined on product spaces was proved and applied to prove an equilibrium existence theorem for an abstract economy, which was then used to prove the existence of variational inequalities.
Abstract: In this paper, we first prove a fixed point theorem for a family of multivalued maps defined on product spaces. We then apply our result to prove an equilibrium existence theorem for an abstract economy. We also consider a system of variational inequalities and prove the existence of its solutions by using our fixed point theorem.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Fan-Browder type fixed-point theorem was used to prove an existence result for the generalized vector equilibrium problem by using Fan Browder Type Fixed-Point theorem due to [1].
149 citations
TL;DR: Alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of 37 traditionally-used medicinal plants were screened for antifungal activity against the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, and dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum, and revealed their varied anticandidal potency.
Abstract: Alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of 37 traditionally-used medicinal plants were screened for antifungal activity against the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, and dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum. Alcoholic extracts of these 37 plants were demonstrated to have antifungal activity. Twenty-one extracts showed strong activity and the remaining 16 plants exhibited moderate activity against Candida albicans and to one or more dermatophytes. Such activity was detected in only 16 aqueous extracts. Alcoholic extracts of five medicinal plants were selected for further studies on the basis of their strong anticandidal activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these five extracts revealed their varied anticandidal potency. MIC values ranged between 4-9 mg/ml. Comparatively high potency was observed in the extracts of Plumbago zeylanica (4mg/ml) followed by Terminalia bellirica and Phyllanthus emblica (7 mg/ml), each Holarrhena antidysentrica ...
132 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that HSA at pH 2.0 represents the molten globule state, which has been shown previously for a number of proteins under mild denaturing conditions.
Abstract: Human serum albumin (HSA), under conditions of low pH, is known to exist in two isomeric forms, the F form at around pH 4.0 and the E form below 3.0. We studied its conformation in the acid-denatured E form using far-UV and near-UV CD, binding of a hydrophobic probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS), thermal transition by far-UV and near-UV CD, tryptophan fluorescence, quenching of tryptophan fluorescence using a neutral quencher, acrylamide and viscosity measurements. The results show that HSA at pH 2.0 is characterized by a significant amount of secondary structure, as evident from far-UV CD spectra. The near-UV CD spectra showed a profound loss of tertiary structure. A marked increase in ANS fluorescence signified extensive solvent exposure of non-polar clusters. The temperature-dependence of both near-UV and far-UV CD signals did not exhibit a co-operative thermal transition. The intrinsic fluorescence and acrylamide quenching of the lone tryptophan residue, Trp214, showed that, in the acid-denatured state, it is buried in the interior in a non-polar environment. Intrinsic viscosity measurements showed that the acid-denatured state is relatively compact compared with that of the denatured state in 7 m guanidine hydrochloride. These results suggest that HSA at pH 2.0 represents the molten globule state, which has been shown previously for a number of proteins under mild denaturing conditions.
122 citations
TL;DR: The materials examined in this work showed the radioactivity levels below the limit estimated from radium equivalent activity the criterion formula for gamma-activity suggested for acceptable radiation doses attributable to building materials in OECD countries.
116 citations
TL;DR: Bioaffinity based immobilization procedures usually yield preparations exhibiting high catalytic activity and improved stability against denaturation, facilitating the reuse of support matrix, orient the enzymes favourably and offer the possibility of enzyme immobilization directly from partially pure enzyme preparations or even cell lysates.
Abstract: Procedures that utilize the affinities of biomolecules and ligands for the immobilization of enzymes are gaining increasing acceptance in the construction of sensitive enzyme-based analytical devices as well as for other applications. The strong affinity of polyclonal/monoclonal antibodies for specific enzymes and those of lectins for glycoenzymes bearing appropriate oligosaccharides have been generally employed for the purpose. Potential of affinity pairs like cellulose-cellulose binding domain bearing enzymes and immobilized metal ion-surface histidine bearing enzymes has also been recognised. The bioaffinity based immobilization procedures usually yield preparations exhibiting high catalytic activity and improved stability against denaturation. Bioaffinity based immobilizations are usually reversible facilitating the reuse of support matrix, orient the enzymes favourably and offer the possibility of enzyme immobilization directly from partially pure enzyme preparations or even cell lysates. Enzyme lacking innate ability to bind to various affinity supports can be made to bind to them by chemically or genetically linking the enzymes with appropriate polypeptides/domains like the cellulose binding domain, protein A, histidine-rich peptides, single chain antibodies, etc.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyaniline Sn(IV) arsenophosphate (SN(IV)-based hybrid ion exchanger was synthesized by mixing polyanilicine into inorganic material, which is characterized using X-ray, IR, TGA studies in addition to ion exchange capacity, pH-titration, elution and distribution behaviour.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, or o-xylene) on aqueous micellar solutions of 0.1 M cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) containing different salts was investigated.
Abstract: Viscosity measurements under Newtonian flow conditions have been performed at 40 °C to study the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, or o-xylene) on aqueous micellar solutions of 0.1 M cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) containing different salts. Two series of salts, viz. (i) inorganic (KX; X = Cl, Br, or NO3) and (ii) symmetrical quaternary ammonium (R4NBr; R = H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, or n-C4H9), were used to explore the effect of their nature and concentration. The hydrocarbons had marginal effect on viscosity when added to CPB solutions having no salt. However, in the presence of salts, the viscosity behavior was quite different (synergistic effect). Relative viscosity (ηr) versus concentration of hydrocarbon plots were constructed for various fixed salt concentrations. Most of the time, after reaching a maximum value, ηr decreased on further addition of hydrocarbons, showing a peaked behavior. The peak position (maximum) as well as the viscosity at the maximum, ηrmax, was found to be dependen...
TL;DR: The effect of cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and N-cetylpyridinium b Bromide on the interaction of l-leucine and l-phenylalanine with ninhydrin has been studied and it is found that tightly bound/incorporated counterions are the most effective.
01 Jul 1999
TL;DR: The effects of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cETylpyridinium b Bromide (CPB) on the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants for the interaction of ninhydrin with tryptophan were studied.
Abstract: The effects of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) on the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants for the interaction of ninhydrin with tryptophan were studied The influence of different parameters was considered, ie, reactant concentration, surfactant concentration, temperature, and effect of added salts The data are explained in terms of the pseudo-phase model of the micelles
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of azadirachta indica (leaves), punica granatum (shell), and momordica charantia (fruits) on corrosion of mild steel in 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) were assessed using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and impedance techniques Extracts exhibited excellent inhibition efficiencies comparable to that of hydroxyethylidine diphosphonic acid (HEDP), the most preferred cooling water inhibitor.
Abstract: Effects of the naturally occurring compounds azadirachta indica (leaves), punica granatum (shell), and momordica charantia (fruits), on corrosion of mild steel in 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) were assessed using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and impedance techniques Extracts of the compounds exhibited excellent inhibition efficiencies comparable to that of hydroxyethylidine diphosphonic acid (HEDP), the most preferred cooling water inhibitor The compounds were found effective under static and flowing conditions Extracts were quite effective in retarding formation of scales, and the maximum antiscaling efficiency was exhibited by the extract of azadirachta indica (98%) The blowdown of the cooling system possessed color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) Concentrations of these parameters were reduced by an adsorption process using activated carbon as an adsorbent
TL;DR: The results suggest that the technique of fluorescence enhancement can be used successfully to study the bilirubin-albumin interaction and different serum albumins, namely, human (HSA), goat, goat (GSA), pig (PSA), pig and dog serum albumin (DSA) bound bilirubs with almost the same affinity when studied by the technique.
TL;DR: Based on an ethnobotanical survey of Moradabad district, this report deals with 45 plant species used as folk drugs for the treatment of various diseases of domestic animals.
TL;DR: In this article, in-plane tension, compression, and bending tests were conducted on plain mortar and ferrocement specimens with woven and welded meshes, and elastic and inelastic properties were investigated.
Abstract: In-plane tension, compression and bending tests were conducted on plain mortar and ferrocement specimens with woven and welded meshes. Tension tests were also carried out on meshes. Bending tests were conducted using specimens with centre point loading. The objective of the study was to investigate the behaviour of material reinforced with varying number of mesh layers and orientations and to evolve a set of elastic and inelastic material properties. It is observed that the conventional empirical relations based on mortar crushing strength overestimate the mortar modulus. The elastic moduli obtained using the rule of mixtures compares well with the values evaluated from the tests on ferrocement specimens. The 45° orientation emerges as the weakest configuration both in terms of the Young's modulus and ultimate stress because of the lowest volume fraction of wire mesh in the direction of loading at this orientation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of 14-16-membered hexaazamacrocyclic complexes (ML1X2) and [ML2X2] have been synthesized by template condensation of phenylenediamine, primary diamines and formaldehyde solution 35% in MeOH and have been characterized by magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements.
Abstract: A new series of 14–16-membered hexaazamacrocyclic complexes [ML1X2] and [ML2X2] (M = CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII; X = Cl or NO3) have been synthesized by template condensation of phenylenediamine, primary diamines and formaldehyde solution 35% in MeOH and have been characterized by i.r., 1H-n.m.r., e.p.r., and u.v. spectroscopy as well as by magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. An octahedral geometry has been suggested for all the complexes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a performance study and economic analysis of the combined absorption/compression cycle using NH 3 -NaSCN solution have been performed and compared with pure ammonia in the compression cycle under various operating conditions.
TL;DR: High values of radon exhalation in subsurface mines like Jaduguda (depth approximately 800 m) and Mosabani (depth > 1000 m) seem to emphasize the need for adequate ventilation for the removal of Radon and its progenies from the mines.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of 14-16 membered tetraazatetraimine macrocyclic complexes [ML1X2]-[ML3X2] [M=CoII, NiII and ZnII] have been synthesized by the template condensation of dibenzoylmethane with primary diamines in MeOH.
Abstract: A new series of 14–16 membered tetraazatetraimine macrocyclic complexes [ML1X2]-[ML3X2] [M=CoII, NiII and ZnII] and [CuL1]X2-[CuL3]X2 [X=Cl or NO3] have been synthesized by the template condensation of dibenzoylmethane with primary diamines in MeOH. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, i.r, 1H-n.m.r., e.p.r. and u.v-vis spectroscopy, as well as by conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The copper complexes exhibit square planar geometry, whereas an octahedral geometry is suggested for all other complexes.
TL;DR: Simultaneous spectrophotometric and volumetric determinations of the antibiotic is based on the neutralization of the degraded product by dilute hydrochloric acid to get a pH approximately 2 to be conducive for redox titration using potassium iodate as titrant.
TL;DR: A flavonoid is examined for the first time that lacks the possibility of forming a complex involving the oxygen at position 4 and there is evidence for at least three different modes of action of flavonoids as genotoxic agents.
Abstract: DNA strand scission reactions of flavonoids in the presence of Cu(II) have been extended by using flavonoids with a variety of patterns of hydroxyl substitution. In particular we have examined for the first time a flavonoid (7,8-dihydroxyflavone) that lacks the possibility of forming a complex involving the oxygen at position 4. By comparing the reactivities of several flavonoids, including data from the literature, we draw generalizations for the correlation of structure and activity and present evidence for at least three different modes of action of flavonoids as genotoxic agents.
TL;DR: It seems that one or two critical lysine residue(s) that can form salt linkage with the carboxyl group of indomethacin, was (were) probably modified in these preparations.
TL;DR: A consistent increase in mean values of SBP, DBP and MBP with increasing inbreeding coefficients have been observed among all age groups, including both the sexes, and the results suggest that the hypothesis for a recessive gene or genes could be held responsible for higher BP.
Abstract: Genetic and inbreeding influences on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) were examined among 3015 children (1527 males and 1488 females) from the Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh in north India. The subjects included offspring of first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins and unrelated spouses from the same population. The measurements of the inbred children were compared with those of their non-inbred relatives in at least 80% of the cases (matched controls). Two unique findings emerge from this study. First a consistent increase in mean values of SBP, DBP and MBP with increasing inbreeding coefficients have been observed among all age groups, including both the sexes. The results suggest that the hypothesis for a recessive gene or genes could be held responsible for higher BP. Secondly, the effects of inbreeding on mean blood pressure among children and adults may not necessarily be in the same direction. It can be said, therefore, that studies on inbreeding effects using matched controls may provide more direct information regarding the genetics of blood pressure, which has been considerably underestimated in earlier studies.
TL;DR: Bilirubin-Cu(II) produced hydroxyl radical and the involvement of active oxygen species was established by the inhibition of DNA breakage by various oxygen radical quenchers.
TL;DR: In this article, four nitrogen substituted thiobisformamidines were synthesized and their corrosion inhibiting behavior for mild steel in 1M, 3M, and 5M HCl was studied.
Abstract: Four nitrogen substituted thiobisformamidines – phenyl thiobisformamidines (PTBF), tolyl thiobisformamidines (TTBF), anisidyl thiobisformamidines (ATBF), and 4-chlorophenyl thiobisformamidines (CPTBF) – were synthesised and their corrosion inhibiting behaviour for mild steel in 1M, 3M, and 5M HCl was studied. The optimum concentration of these compounds for maximum inhibition efficiency was determined by weight loss methods. All the investigated thiobisformamidines gave more than 95% inhibition in the presence of 1M HCl, and CPTBF showed the best inhibition efficiency (98% in 5M HCl). Potentiodynamic polarisation studies revealed that all the tested compounds are of mixed inhibitor type. The adsorption of these compounds from the acid solution obeyed Temkin's adsorption isotherm. All the inhibitors were able to reduce hydrogen permeation through the steel surface and their performance was enhanced by the addition of iodide ions. Electron impedance spectroscopic studies were also carried out in or...
TL;DR: The present study indicates that utilization of complex carbohydrates in catfish is more successful with di- and monosaccharides, while dietary α-cellulose is poorly utilized.
Abstract: Growth, conversion efficiency, body composition, nutrient retention and plasma glucose concentration were evaluated in fingerling catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), (3.25 ± 0.1 g) fed iso-nitrogenous (40% crude protein) and iso-caloric (4.7 kcal g–1 gross energy) test diets containing different sources of carbohydrates (i.e. glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, dextrin, pre-cooked corn-starch or α- cellulose) at the 20% level of inclusion. Each dietary treatment had three replicates of 20 fish each. The growth trial was conducted in 70-L high-density polyvinyl flow-through (1–1.5 L min–1) indoor circular troughs (water volume = 55 L). The catfish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily at 0800 and 1600 h for 6 days a week over ≈ 8 weeks. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were noted in the growth and feed conversion efficiencies when fish were fed the sucrose, dextrin and corn-starch diets. Similarly, growth and conversion efficiencies were similar (P > 0.05) in fish fed the glucose, fructose and maltose diets. The minimum growth and conversion efficiencies were found in fish fed the α-cellulose diet. Post-feeding glucose or maltose resulted in the maximum increase in plasma glucose, followed by sucrose, dextrin, fructose or corn-starch diets, over the 8-h sampling period. Post-feeding α-cellulose produced a relatively low (P > 0.05) variation in the plasma glucose level. Compared to the initial values, higher values of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and body energy, and lower percentages of ash were recorded in catfish fed different sources of carbohydrate. The maximum protein retention rate was seen in fish fed the dextrin diet, while a higher energy retention rate was observed in fish fed the sucrose-based diet. Dietary α-cellulose produced significantly (P < 0.05) lower values of protein and energy retention in fish. The present study indicates that utilization of complex carbohydrates in catfish is more successful with di- and monosaccharides, while dietary α-cellulose is poorly utilized.
TL;DR: Exposure of plants to O3 may influence foliar diseases caused by fungi, and it is hypothesized that concentrations of O3 at or below economic threshold may enhance severity of the fungal disease, whereas higher levels may decrease the severity.