Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra

About: Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra is a education organization based out in Ranchi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Dielectric. The organization has 2801 authors who have published 4789 publications receiving 52426 citations. The organization is also known as: BIT.

Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution Using Aluminum-Impregnated Chitosan Biopolymer

Abstract: Aluminum impregnated chitosan (AIC) was prepared and applied as an adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. The process involved two stages: (i) isolation of chitosan from chitin, (ii) impregnation of aluminum in isolated chitosan at fixed pH. SEM and EDS techniques were used to characterize the composition of adsorbent AIC. Dynamic adsorption experiments on AIC were carried out at various pH, contact times, adsorption dosages, and initial fluoride concentration to determine optimum adsorption properties. The experimental data were analyzed using two adsorption models, Langmuir and Freundlich, with the later system providing the best fit. Thermodynamic parameters showed the adsorption process as spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption process follows first-order kinetics for which a mechanism has been proposed. Reusability of the AIC was tested up to four consecutive cycles. The desorption experiment showed 92% elution of adsorbed fluoride at a pH of 12. Finally, the perf...

Isothermal crystallization and mechanical behavior of ionomer treated sisal/HDPE composites

Abstract: Isothermal crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of ionomer-treated sisal fibres reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been investigated. Avrami analysis of the crystallization kinetics showed high crystallization rate (Kn) and short crystallization half time (t0.5) for composites compared to neat HDPE, indicating strong nucleating ability of sisal fibres. The crystallization activation energy (Ea) of the composites decreased with increasing fibre content. The polarizing optical microscopy showed the occurrence of transcrystallization at the fibre–matrix interface. The HDPE/sisal composites displayed superior tensile and flexural properties compared to neat HDPE. For these composites, predictions of Young's modulus using the Modified Rule of Mixtures and Cox model correlated well with the experimental data.

Security vulnerabilities, attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks at various layers of OSI reference model: A survey

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) security is a topic of great importance because of advancement of many security sensitive applications in diverse fields involving WSNs. Compared to traditional wireless and wired networks, WSNs also possess numerous additional vulnerabilities such as dynamic network topology, broadcast nature of the medium, resource constrained nodes, immense network scale and lack of physical infrastructure. The open communication environment makes WSNs more vulnerable than wired communications to several types of attacks including the passive type of eavesdropping attack leading to intercepted transmissions and active type of jamming attack leading to disrupted transmissions. These additional vulnerabilities enable the adversary to launch severe and even more complicated attacks. Thus a thorough investigation of attacks that can be launched against WSNs is required. Therefore, this article is motivated for examining the wireless security vulnerabilities and the imposed threats to devise reliable and efficient defence technique for improvement of WSNs security. We first summarize the security challenges and the security requirements of wireless networks. The paper then throws light on security vulnerabilities in wireless networks and classifies various attacks in WSNs according to different OSI protocol layers. Finally, some open technical challenges which are still unsolved are summarized and future works in WSNs security are discussed.