Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra

About: Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra is a education organization based out in Ranchi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Dielectric. The organization has 2801 authors who have published 4789 publications receiving 52426 citations. The organization is also known as: BIT.

Municipal solid waste management in kohima city-india

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of current solid waste management practices in Kohima, Nagaland, India and suggests solutions to some of the major problems. The levels of socio-economic development determine the quantity and composition of solid waste. Higher the level of economic development, greater the proportion of waste composition. The total population of the city is 1,32,836, among those, 90% population is predominantly tribal. Hence, solid waste is not that much problem in rural economy compared to urban areas. As a result of that, the problem of municipal solid waste management is not yet felt in the rural areas of Nagaland. Compared to that, the concentration of population with higher densities in Kohima towns as well as unmanaged growth of settlements are among major causes leading to the problem of municipal solid waste affecting public health and natural environmental systems. So the total elimination of the waste is an impractical suggestion, rather than it should be managed in an effective manner. The surveys have shown that the collection process is deficient in terms of manpower and vehicle availability. Bin capacity provided is adequate but locations were found to be inappropriate, thus contributing to the inefficiency of the system. At this time, no treatment is provided to the waste and waste is dumped on open land at Dhapa after collection. Lack of suitable facilities (equipment and infrastructure) and underestimates of waste generation rates, inadequate management and technical skills, improper bin collection, and route planning are responsible for poor collection and transportation of municipal solid wastes. This study was on field visit, secondary data collection, interviews with different individuals who were directly or indirectly involved with the project and also through the discussions with the relevant Kohima Town Committee officials to get a clear idea about the present situation of the town. The effective management of municipal solid waste has become a monumental challenge in the town with high population density and experiencing the problem of rapid urbanization. This study mainly focuses on the issue of management of municipal solid waste in Kohima town and also describes its existing systems, the way of dealing with the present upcoming problems and also suggests new innovative approach for effective management of municipal solid waste in Kohima town. The overall objective was to create an efficient, reliable and holistic system for management of municipal solid waste, so as to achieve a cleaner environment and improve the quality of life.

Enhancing the Pharmaceutical Properties of Pirfenidone by Mechanochemical Cocrystallization

Abstract: Pirfenidone is an important drug molecule used in the treatment of idiopathic lung fibrosis. Although approved by the USFDA in 2014, pirfenidone’s aqueous solubility is too high and must be mitigat...

Characterization of Half-Select Free Write Assist 9T SRAM Cell

Abstract: Modern biomedical applications have created a high demand for low power static random access memory (SRAM). In this article, a reliable low power half-select free-write assist 9T (HFWA9T) cell has been proposed. To analyze the impact of process variations on different design metrics, the proposed cell has been compared with other contemporary designs such as feedback-cutting 7T (7T), fully differential 8T (FD8T), and single-ended disturb free 9T (SEDF9T) cells. The HFWA9T cell exhibits $2.87\times /3.37\times $ higher read stability or read static noise margin (RSNM) than that of 7T/FD8T and $1.40\times /6.55\times $ higher write ability or write static noise margin (WSNM) than that of FD8T/SEDF9T, $2.90\times /2.67\times $ and $1.06\times /1.01\times /5.05\times $ narrower spread in RSNM and WSNM than that of 7T/FD8T and 7T/FD8T/SEDF9T cells, respectively. In addition, it shows $1.11\times /1.03\times $ narrower spread in read delay ( ${T}_{{\text {RA}}}$ ) than that of FD8T/SEDF9T and $1.33\times $ shorter ${T}_{{\text {RA}}}$ than that of SEDF9T cell. Furthermore, it consumes only $0.67\times /0.31\times /0.48\times $ of the write power and $0.262\times /0.605\times /0.90\times $ of the read power, respectively, consumed by 7T/FD8T/SEDF9T, while consuming $0.34\times /0.96\times $ of static power consumed by 7T/FD8T cell. For all these improvements, it incurs a penalty of $1.62\times /1.78\times $ in write delay ( ${T}_{{\text {WA}}}$ ) compared to 7T/SEDF9T and $1.58\times /1.58\times $ in ${T}_{{\text {RA}}}$ compared to 7T/FD8T cell at ${V}_{{\text {DD}}} = {700}$ mV.