Central Agricultural University

About: Central Agricultural University is a education organization based out in Imphal, Manipur, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 1116 authors who have published 1157 publications receiving 9217 citations.

Integrated Use of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield, Uptake and Quality of Sugarcane in Calcareous Soil

Abstract: The field experiment was conducted to study the integrated use of organic product viz., pressmud + neem cake and seaweed extract along with inorganic fertilisers on yield, uptake and nutrient availability of sugarcane (BO 154) in alluvial soil rich in free calcium carbonate. The plot treated with pressmud + neem cake/seaweed extract either alone or in combination with inorganic fertiliser (100% NPK) significantly increased yield attributes and cane yield over control. The mean data indicated that highest number of tillers (101.44 x10 3 /ha), NMC (76.68 x10 3 /ha), cane length (162.40 cm) and single cane wt. (863.3 g) were recorded in treatment receiving 100 % NPK along with pressmud + neem cake + seaweed extract in combination and lowest in control. The result indicated that integrated use of organic along with inorganic nutrient source was found superior regarding increasing cane yield up to the tune of 21.34% over control. However, juice quality parameters viz., brix, pol and purity coefficient remains unaffected. The mean sugar yield varied (6.718.23 t/ha) significantly due to application of an inorganic and organic source of nutrients. The uptake of nutrients followed the similar trend as cane yield. However, the effect of various organic products viz., pressmud + neem cake and seaweed extract was found at par. The significant increase in organic carbon and available –N and available phosphorus were recorded in organic treated plots and being highest in treatment receiving pressmud + neem cake + seaweed extract in combination with inorganics over control. Thus, integrated use of RDF (150–85–60 kg N–P2O5– K2O /ha) along with soil application of pressmud + neem cake ( 9:1@ 1 t/ha) or seaweed extract Original Research Article Jha and Thakur; CJAST, 31(1): 1-7, 2018; Article no.CJAST.45864 2 (@ 1 kg/ha) was found favourable for improving yield and soil fertility status of sugarcane. It would be better to apply inorganic fertiliser with organics to sustain the productivity of sugarcane in calcareous soil.

Science-Led Innovation for Searching and Creating Values in Natural Gene Pool of Millets for Agri-Food Nutrition and Health

Abstract: The green revolution has increased the quantum of major cereals (wheat and rice), which otherwise would have been substantially low across the developing countries; a significant contribution that one can never undervalue. However, focused monoculture of either crop was realized particularly with respect to loss of agro-biodiversity and sustenance of nutri-rich minor crops resulting in poor food grain diversity. Albeit, these crops provide sufficient calories, they do not make a complete diet resulting in malnutrition of over 2000 million people worldwide. Millets are versatile grains valued for their exceptional nutritional profile. Being the reservoir of essential micronutrients and trace elements they are often termed as nature’s nutraceutical basket. Furthermore, their climate resilient nature and adaptation to low input agriculture makes them “harbingers for evergreen revolution.” The latest advancements in genomics and automate phenotyping techniques for searching genes and metabolites, coupled with high-throughput transformation processes have opened new avenues for product development in millets. Furthermore, various computational biology platforms help us in analyzing big molecular data of crop plants to identify valuable genes hidden in them. In addition, molecular breeding platforms may be utilized to speed up the introgression of value-added genes in high welding and widely adapted genetic backgrounds. This chapter focuses on searching for values in the natural millet gene pool of millets for developing climate smart crops with value-added traits.

Management of Rice root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne graminicola) in Aerobic rice Using Botanicals under Climatic

Abstract: A field study was conducted to screen out the efficacy of different botanicals against Meloidogyne graminicola infected aerobic rice field. The extracts of neem seed kernels, leaf extracts of Parthenium argentatum, Lantana camara, Jatropha curcus, Moringa sp. @ 3 % v/v were applied as treatments along with one chemical treatment by Carbofuran @ 1 kg a.i. /ha were applied to seven treatments including control. These treatments were given in the plots of anaerobic rice field at KVK Vaishali, Bihar during 2011 and 2012 and compared with control. The results showed that the vegetative growth of plants like shoot length and weight, root length and weight and grain yield was significantly higher than the control. Also reduction in the number of galls, the number of females and number of juveniles were decreased significantly in botanicals treated plants compared to control. Although carbofuran treated plants showed the best results regarding the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants as well as reduction of root-knot nematodes, a treatment where Parthenium argentatum was given to the plants, performed better than the other botanicals. Since it is a toxic weed which spreads very fast and causes many deleterious effects on crops, human and animal health as well as on environment as a whole, its use as a biocontrol of M. graminicola in aerobic rice may be a great eco-friendly approach for the saving of environment

Omics (Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Etc.) Tools to Study the Environmental Microbiome and Bioremediation

Abstract: The term microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms or their hereditary material from a specific biological system. Microbiomes are widespread and inescapable and contemporary in the soil, water, air, and in/on other living beings. Changes in the microbiome can conflict the wellbeing of the natural specialty where they occupy. In order to collect more comprehensive knowledge about these microbial communities, various measures have been pursued. Exploration of natural microbiome can be of a specific interest for revelation of novel creatures or novel gene or new microbial metabolites. Technologies that explore the roles, relationships, or characteristics of biomolecules of cells, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, or small metabolites, named by conjoin suffix—“omics”, as in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics, respectively. Genomics and transcriptomics research has elevated because of advances in microarray technology. Fast advancement in “omics”—metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics leading to a greater understanding of the patterns, processes, and mechanisms governing the structure and dynamics of microbiomes. Albeit each “omics” technology gives a valuable data independently yet when they use in consolidated structure, they delineate an increasingly extensive picture. The omics technologies have critical commitment to comprehend ecological bioremediation mechanisms. Omics advancements help in discovering of genes involved in biodegradation, to find out the functions of missing genes and to explore the metabolic pathways of bioremediation. Genomics has been used to study pure cultures with regard to bioremediation. Proteomics-based examinations have been helpful in elaborating changes in the structure and function of proteins as well as in the identification of key proteins associated with the physiological reaction of microorganisms when presented to anthropogenic contaminations. Transcriptomic or metatranscriptomics apparatuses are utilized to increase utilitarian bits of knowledge into the exercises of ecological microbial networks by considering their mRNA transcriptional profiles.