Central Agricultural University

About: Central Agricultural University is a education organization based out in Imphal, Manipur, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 1116 authors who have published 1157 publications receiving 9217 citations.

Faecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase(NDM) producing Escherichia coli between piglets and pig farmworkers.

Abstract: A cross-sectional study on five organized pig farms was conducted to assess the faecal carriage of ESBL and blaNDM carbapenemase-producing E. coli in piglets and pig farmworkers. Faecal samples from piglets (n = 155) and pig farmworkers (n = 21) were processed for isolation and characterization of E. coli. A total of 124 E. coli isolates from piglets and 21 E. coli isolates pig farmworkers were recovered and screening for ESBL production showed that 44.4 % (55/124) of the isolates from piglets and 42.9 % (9/21) of the isolates from farmworkers were ESBL positive. The ESBL positive isolates from piglets and farmworkers harbored blaCTX-M and also co-harbored other beta-lactams, sulphonamide, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes. Diarrhoeic (50%, 49/98) and crossbred piglets (52.7%, 39/74) harbored a significantly higher number of ESBL producing isolates than non-diarrhoeic (23.1 %, 6/26) and purebred piglets (32%, 16/50) (p < 0.05). Piglets and pig farmworkers harbored nine and two carbapenem-resistant isolates, respectively. Interestingly, two isolates from piglets and one isolate from farmworkers harbored the blaNDM gene. The blaNDM positive E. coli isolated from piglets and farmworkers of the same farm revealed similar antibacterial resistance patterns, resistant genes, sequence (ST-167) and plasmid type (IncX3). In India, carbapenems are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem resistant E. coli in piglets possibly originated from the human contact or common environment and is of public health importance.

Susceptibility and pathological consequences of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda

Abstract: The present study tested the susceptibility and pathological changes of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) infected with Edwardsiella tarda (ET-PG-29). The bacterium was isolated from the kidney of a diseased pangas catfish. To determine the median lethal dose (LD50), C. catla were challenged with this bacterium (108-103 CFU ml-1), and the LD50 was calculated as 105.5 CFU ml-1. Another set of healthy C. catla were injected intraperitoneally with the LD50 dose to induce edwardsiellosis. The clinical signs of the infected C. catla were observed and recorded. Tissues such as kidney, liver, intestine, heart, and gill from the infected fish with clinical signs of edwardsiellosis were used for histopathology. The clinical and gross signs were first visible at 1 d post-injection, and the infected fish showed typical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The most striking histopathological features were found in the kidney which showed multi-focal necrosis with the formation of granuloma indicating an inflammatory response against the pathogen. The intestine displayed goblet cell hyperplasia, the liver showed hydropic degeneration with hyperemic central veins, and there was inflammation of gill lamellae and cardiac myositis associated with leucocyte infiltration. Collectively, the results confirmed the susceptibility of C. catla to E. tarda infection and that this bacterium is a threat to C. catla in aquaculture practices. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: T.B. Devi, D. Kamilya [+] Department of Fish Health and Environment College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University Lembucherra, Tripura (w) – 799210, Tripura, India T.J. Abraham Department of Fishery Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences 5 – Budherhat Road, Chakgaria, P. O – Panchasayar Kolkata – 700094, West Bengal, India

Pathology of Eupatorium adenophorum (Sticky snakeroot) toxicity in mice

Abstract: The leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng were powdered and extracted with methanol. An acute oral toxicity study was conducted in male Swiss albino mice and a LD50 of 3501 mg/kg was obtained during 14 days observation period. Twenty Swiss albino mice (male) randomly divided into four groups were administered orally with vehicle (5% tween 80), 1/20th (i.e. 175 mg/kg), 1/10th (i.e. 350 mg/kg) and 1/5th (i.e. 750 mg/kg) LD50 doses of methanolic leaf extract of E. adenophorum Spreng; respectively for a period of 30 days. The mice were sacrificed on day-31 and the liver dissected out freed from adherent tissue weighed to nearest milligram. The liver histology, estimations of biochemical contents and enzyme activities were carried out. Treatment of the mice with methanolic extract of E. adenophorum at the dose level of 750 mg/kg (i.e. 1/5th LD50) elicited hepatotoxicity and the animals had yellow discoloration of liver, subcutaneous tissue and musculature indicating jaundice. Study on liver enzymes revealed marked increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), while significant increase in serum bilirubin level. Histopathological examination of the livers of the group IV animals had focal areas of necrosis and bile duct proliferation. Elevation in plasma bilirubin concomitant with alterations in enzyme profile and histopathological lesions are consistent with liver injury and cholestasis

Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB)

Abstract: Potassium (K) is reflected as a fundamental supplement and a noteworthy constituent inside every single living cell, which is required in vast sums by plants, animals, and people. In environment, soils normally contain K in bigger sums than some other supplements.As rocks gradually weathered, K is discharged, yet change of K from the basic portion to some other frame is as often as possible to ease back to give them a lot of this basic supplement required by crops. Utilization of chemical fertilizers has an extensive negative effect on ecological supportability. Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) solubilize K-bearing minerals and change over the insoluble K to dissolvable types of K that plants can get to. Countless soil microscopic organisms, for example, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp., Bacillus mucilaginosus, B. edaphicus, and B. circulans, have ability to solubilize K minerals like biotite, muscovite, feldspar, mica, iolite, and orthoclase. KSB are normally present in every one of the soil, in spite of the fact that their number, assorted variety, and capacity for K solubilization differ which rely on the soil and climatic conditions. Despite that, KSB are the most essential microscopic organisms for solubilizing K minerals which demonstrate viable association amongst soil and plant frameworks. These microbes can be utilized productively as a wellspring of K-fertilizer for managing crop generation and keeping up soil K. Subsequently, generation and administration of organic manures containing KSB can scatter K inadequacy particularly in paddy field or zones where plants are normal for K and are likewise an approach to accomplish the objectives of the practical farming. This article shows a diagram of flow patterns and difficulties on the KSB, components, and their part in plant development advancement and in the end gives a few viewpoints for study on K in agriculture.