Central Agricultural University

About: Central Agricultural University is a education organization based out in Imphal, Manipur, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 1116 authors who have published 1157 publications receiving 9217 citations.

Identifying Meta-QTLs for Stay-Green in Sorghum

Abstract: To develop resilient crops it is necessary to understand the underlying genetics of climatic response. A strong association between stay-green and post-flowering drought tolerance in Sorghum has been established. Being a complex quantitative trait, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping experiments of stay-green in Sorghum have been frequently performed. The objective of the current study was to find consensus genomic regions that control stay-green by integrating the QTLs mapped in previous studies. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to summarize 115 QTLs projected on the consensus map. The analysis generated 32 Meta-QTL regions within which candidate gene (CG) identification was undertaken. 7 candidate genes were identified using the markers tightly linked to the Meta-QTLs. The results from this study will facilitate future attempts aiming to improve and understand drought tolerance in Sorghum.

Effect of Drug-Resistant Bacteria on Agriculture, Livestock, and Environment

Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the most severe cause of concern for the public health globally. Misuse and intermittent use of antibiotic are mainly responsible for the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria in developing countries. Further, the poor agricultural practices, consistent feed of antibiotics to livestock without prescription of medical practitioners, and environmental factors are also responsible for the emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant bacteria around the world. A big portion of commercially available antibiotics has been consumed by livestock every year, and the waste product of such antibiotics consumed by animals is responsible for contamination of agricultural and nonagricultural land. In the current chapter, we have tried to figure out these three major factors which are also responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of India: An Economic Analysis with Special Reference to Agricultural Performance

Abstract: Indian economy is the fastest growing economy of the world surpassing China during financial year 2015 and 2018. GDP of the country was recorded 7.1% in 2016 and it declined to 6.7% in 2017. Agriculture sector is underperforming for combating malnutrition of a large proportion of the population. The study is based on the reports of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted during 2015-16 and data for Gross value of Output from Agriculture (GOVA) and allied sector was obtained from Directorate of Economics and Statistics Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, GoI. Correlation and regression analysis was carried out to establish relationship between agricultural performance and malnutrition and to examine the factors influencing malnutrition in the country. Results indicated that there is negative correlation between malnutrition and agricultural performances thus, contributed to reduce malnutrition. Other factors like access to safe drinking water, toilet facilities in household, Basic Vaccination given to the children, Percentage of Children breastfed after one hour of birth preceding five years of survey were assessed strong factors affecting malnutrition. The government initiatives like Integrated Child Development Scheme, Aangan Badi Yojana, Mid-Day Meal Yojana, Swachh Bharat Yojana, Aausman Bharat Mission etc are some steps to tackle the malnutrition in the nation country. Thus the steps other than on-farm diversification are also needed to combat the problems of malnutrition.

Deployment of Trichoderma for the Management of Tea Diseases

Abstract: Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is considered as one of the important plantation crops that has a great role in the GDP of the nation. Tea leaves contain more than 700 chemicals, among which flavonoids, amino acids, vitamins, caffeine and polysaccharides are beneficial to human health. They also improve the beneficial intestinal microflora, provide immunity against intestinal disorders and protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. The crop is infected by various diseases at different stages of the crop. Many of the diseases can be curbed through biological approaches, more particularly using Trichoderma spp. In this chapter we have discussed the works on potential use of Trichoderma spp. for the management of tea diseases, mode of action of Trichoderma against the pathogens causing tea diseases and the role of different biotic and abiotic factors on Trichoderma spp. leading to a successful result.

Ocean remote sensing for spatiotemporal variability of wave energy density and littoral current velocity in the Southern Indian offshore

Abstract: Spatiotemporal variability of wave energy and littoral current velocity releasing at zones play a major role for formation of coastal landforms and environmental ecosystems in the South Indian coastal region. Impacts of wave energy and littoral current into the shore are mainly subject to several geomorphological changes by controlling natural and manmade activities and highly influencing coastal dynamics like erosion and accretion. Mathematically, the wave energy is calculated using the linear wave theory and the equation is expressed as E = 1 8 ρ g H 2 , whereas the measurement of littoral current velocity is performed by using the equation is represented as V L H = 20.7 m ( g H b ) 1 / 2 sin 2 α b . The parameters including significant wave height, seawater density (subject to salinity and temperature), gravity acceleration, wave breaker height, wave break angle, and offshore slope are used as inputs for executing the preceding equations, in which the significant wave height is estimated using gridded significant wave height level-4 products based on altimetry measurements of satellites Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B, Jason-3, Saral (AltiKa), Cryosat-2, and CFOSAT. The GIS modeling of the linear equation is executed using the raster layer of the preceding parameters for estimating wave energy density and littoral current velocity at 10 ∗ 10 m pixel scale. The Southern Indian offshore region found the highest range of wave energy density during premonsoon (June–September) and it is estimated at 3.46–10.48 kJ/m2 with a mean value of 6.52 kJ/m2 due to impacts of a southwest monsoonal wind from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. Similarly, the offshore region shows a higher rate of wave energy density during monsoon (October–December) at the range of 1.12–9.78 52 kJ/m2 with a mean value of 6.06 52 kJ/m2 due to stronger influences of northeast monsoonal wind velocity from the Bay of Bengal Sea. However, the offshore region is recorded as a lower rate of wave energy density during postmonsoon (March–May), at the range of 1.76–4.09 6.52 kJ/m2 with a mean value of 3.06 6.52 kJ/m2, whereas the annual average of wave energy density is estimated at 1.86–5.68 kJ/m2 in coastal water of the nearshore area and 5.69–10.48 kJ/m2 in the offshore water column. The spatiotemporal variability of wave energy density shows the standard deviation value at 0.4–3.24 during the three seasons of 2017–2018. Meanwhile, the combined action of wind and wave controls the flow and movement of littoral current along the Southern Indian coastal water, and it is estimated at the velocity of 0.14–0.55 m/s during the three seasons. The energy releasing from wave and littoral current to the shoreline results in the morphodynamics of landforms at various locations along the Southern Indian coastal stretch, whereas some coastal zones found erosion landforms while experiencing the higher wave energy but lower velocity of littoral current due to backwashing of sediments. Meanwhile, the reversing processes in specific spots formed as depositional landforms due to swashing of sediments. Long-term monitoring of wave energy and littoral current can be possible through ocean remote sensing, and it provides vital information for oceanographic studies and making plans for sustainable coastal zone management.