Showing papers by "Conservatoire national des arts et métiers published in 2008"
TL;DR: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a common disease, frequently associated with smoking and being overweight, and associated factors, including smoking, body mass index and associated risk factors are identified.
Abstract: Background Conflicting opinions have been reported regarding the epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa. Objective We sought to evaluate the prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa and to identify associated factors. Methodology Prevalence was evaluated using a representative sample of the French population (n = 10,000). Associated risk factors were assessed using two case-control studies, one population-based with 67 self-reported patients and 200 control subjects, and the other clinic-based with 302 medically assessed patients and 906 control subjects. Results The prevalence was 1% of the French population. Multivariate analyses showed a strong association with current smoking in self-reported (odds ratio=4.16, 95% confidence interval [2.99-8.69]) and in medically assessed (odds ratio=12.55 [8.58-18.38]) populations. Association with body mass index was significant in medically assessed patients (odds ratio=1.12 [1.08-1.15]) for each increase of 1 U of BMI. Limitations A causal relationship could not be established with such a cross-sectional study. Conclusion Hidradenitis suppurativa is a common disease, frequently associated with smoking and being overweight.
532 citations
TL;DR: In this article, experimental results of CO2 post-combustion capture for a TSA process including an internal heat-exchanger (indirect heating/cooling) are presented.
Abstract: Experimental results of CO2 post-combustion capture for a TSA process including an internal heat-exchanger (indirect heating/cooling) are presented. The comparative experimental study is carried out on 13X and 5A zeolites, with a mixture 90% N2−10% CO2 modeling the flue gas. With 5A zeolite having given the best performances, we tested it with various operating conditions including one with nitrogen purge during desorption. This one showed a good compromise between CO2 capture rate, purity of the desorbate, volumetric productivity, and specific-heat consumption. We obtained a volumetric productivity of 37 kgCO2/m3ads·h and a specific-heat consumption of 6 MJ/kgCO2 at our laboratory scale and 4.5 MJ/kgCO2 for the adiabatic estimate (in the same order of magnitude as those obtained industrially with the reference MEA amine process). These results are promising because our process is not optimized yet and the scale-up on an industrial version involves a reduction in specific-heat consumption.
246 citations
TL;DR: The data provide evidence that the MHC controls both HIV replication and HIV reservoir and indicate that two additional genomic loci may influence the HIV reservoir.
Abstract: Previous studies of the HIV-1 disease have shown that HLA and Chemokine receptor genetic variants influence disease progression and early viral load. We performed a Genome Wide Association study in a cohort of 605 HIV-1-infected seroconverters for detection of novel genetic factors that influence plasma HIV-RNA and cellular HIV-DNA levels. Most of the SNPs strongly associated with HIV-RNA levels were localised in the 6p21 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and were in the vicinity of class I and III genes. Moreover, protective alleles for four disease-associated SNPs in the MHC locus (rs2395029, rs13199524, rs12198173 and rs3093662) were strikingly over-represented among forty-five Long Term HIV controllers. Furthermore, we show that the HIV-DNA levels (reflecting the HIV reservoir) are associated with the same four SNPs, but also with two additional SNPs on chromosome 17 (rs6503919; intergenic region flanked by the DDX40 and YPEL2 genes) and chromosome 8 (rs2575735; within the Syndecan 2 gene). Our data provide evidence that the MHC controls both HIV replication and HIV reservoir. They also indicate that two additional genomic loci may influence the HIV reservoir.
200 citations
10 Sep 2008
TL;DR: A fully functional prototype of an AR-enabled mobile multimedia museum guide, designed and implemented for the Museum of Fine Arts in Rennes, France, with lessons learned during the full circle of conception, implementation, testing and assessment.
Abstract: Can Augmented Reality (AR) techniques inform the design and implementation of a mobile multimedia guide for the museum setting? Drawing from our experience both on previous mobile museum guides projects and in AR technology, we present a fully functional prototype of an AR-enabled mobile multimedia museum guide, designed and implemented for the Museum of Fine Arts in Rennes, France. We report on the life cycle of the prototype and the methodology employed for the AR approach as well as on the selected mixed method evaluation process; finally, the first results emerging from quantitative evaluation are discussed, supported by evidence and findings from the qualitative part of the assessment process. We conclude with lessons learned during the full circle of conception, implementation, testing and assessment of the guide.
166 citations
TL;DR: This new algorithm, Shape-IT, to infer haplotypes under the genetic model of coalescence with recombination developed by Stephens et al in Phase v2.1 deserves to be extensively used for regular haplotype inference but also in the context of the new high-throughput genotyping chips since it permits to fit the Genetic model of Phase v 2.1 on large datasets.
Abstract: Background
We have developed a new computational algorithm, Shape-IT, to infer haplotypes under the genetic model of coalescence with recombination developed by Stephens et al in Phase v2.1. It runs much faster than Phase v2.1 while exhibiting the same accuracy. The major algorithmic improvements rely on the use of binary trees to represent the sets of candidate haplotypes for each individual. These binary tree representations: (1) speed up the computations of posterior probabilities of the haplotypes by avoiding the redundant operations made in Phase v2.1, and (2) overcome the exponential aspect of the haplotypes inference problem by the smart exploration of the most plausible pathways (ie. haplotypes) in the binary trees.
166 citations
TL;DR: Norms-based IP systems, as defined by as discussed by the authors, operate entirely on the basis of implicit social norms that are held in common by members of a given community, and they offer functionality similar to contemporary law-based systems with respect to both the nature of rights protected and the effectiveness of the protection provided.
Abstract: In this paper we propose that norms-based intellectual property (IP) systems exist today and are an important complement to or substitute for law-based IP systems. Norms-based IP systems, as we define them, operate entirely on the basis of implicit social norms that are held in common by members of a given community. Within that community, they offer functionality similar to contemporary law-based IP systems with respect to both the nature of rights protected and the effectiveness of the protection provided.
We document the existence of a norms-based IP system among a sample of accomplished French chefs. These chefs consider recipes they develop to be a very valuable form of IP. At the same time, recipes are not a form of innovation that is effectively covered by law-based IP systems. Via grounded research, we identify three strong implicit social norms related to the protection of recipe IP. Via quantitative research, we find that accomplished chefs enforce these norms and apply them in ways that enhance their private economic returns from their recipe-related IP.
In our discussion, we compare the attributes of norms-based and law-based IP systems, arguing that each has different advantages and drawbacks. We also point out that the existence of norms-based IP systems means that many information commons may prove to be criss-crossed by norms-based fences, with community access controlled by community IP owners.
150 citations
TL;DR: The deduced value of h/mRb leads to a new determination of the fine structure constant alpha(-1) =137.03599945 (62) with a relative uncertainty of 4.6 x 10(-9) and provides the most stringent test of QED.
Abstract: We report a new experimental scheme which combines atom interferometry with Bloch oscillations to provide a new measurement of the ratio h/mRb. By using Bloch oscillations, we impart to the atoms up to 1600 recoil momenta and thus we improve the accuracy on the recoil velocity measurement. The deduced value of h/mRb leads to a new determination of the fine structure constant alpha(-1) =137.03599945 (62) with a relative uncertainty of 4.6 x 10(-9). The comparison of this result with the value deduced from the measurement of the electron anomaly provides the most stringent test of QED.
136 citations
TL;DR: The results showed a high performance of the nanofiltration membrane, Osmonics DL, for selective uranium rejection at low pressure (1 bar), illustrating the advantage of nan ofiltration for the selective removal of uranium from drinking water.
110 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that when the lattice Boltzmann equation is formulated with a small-time step @Dt and an associated space scale @Dx, a Taylor expansion joined with the so-called equivalent equation methodology leads to establishing macroscopic fluid equations as a formal limit.
Abstract: We show that when we formulate the lattice Boltzmann equation with a small-time step @Dt and an associated space scale @Dx, a Taylor expansion joined with the so-called equivalent equation methodology leads to establishing macroscopic fluid equations as a formal limit. We recover the Euler equations of gas dynamics at the first order and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations at the second order.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a weighted residual-based approach for the numerical investigation of the interaction of fluid flow and thin flexible structures is introduced. But the method is limited to the case of strongly coupled fluid-structure systems.
Abstract: The paper introduces a weighted residual-based approach for the numerical investigation of the interaction of fluid flow and thin flexible structures. The presented method enables one to treat strongly coupled systems involving large structural motion and deformation of multiple-flow-immersed solid objects.
The fluid flow is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The current configuration of the thin structure of linear elastic material with non-linear kinematics is mapped to the flow using the zero iso-contour of an updated level set function. The formulation of fluid, structure and coupling conditions uniformly uses velocities as unknowns. The integration of the weak form is performed on a space–time finite element discretization of the domain. Interfacial constraints of the multi-field problem are ensured by distributed Lagrange multipliers. The proposed formulation and discretization techniques lead to a monolithic algebraic system, well suited for strongly coupled fluid–structure systems. Embedding a thin structure into a flow results in non-smooth fields for the fluid. Based on the concept of the extended finite element method, the space–time approximations of fluid pressure and velocity are properly enriched to capture weakly and strongly discontinuous solutions. This leads to the present enriched space–time (EST) method. Numerical examples of fluid–structure interaction show the eligibility of the developed numerical approach in order to describe the behavior of such coupled systems. The test cases demonstrate the application of the proposed technique to problems where mesh moving strategies often fail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIm+Cl−) was used for the removal of neutral N-compounds with high selectivity towards sulfur.
TL;DR: The very fine-grained flood deposits are intercalated within pelagic sediments, sapropels and Bouma-type turbidites as discussed by the authors, and they formed during flooding periods of the Nile river similar to those that induce sapropel formation and occurred during periods of increased density stratification of the eastern Mediterranean.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal overlap length was defined according to interface characteristics, cavity diameter and embankment height, and a design chart was established for a particular case, showing the interest of the method suggested.
TL;DR: In this paper, enhanced compound parabolic solar collectors are used as a heat source of an adsorption system (methanol/activated carbon), while during winter direct coupling with the building is performed.
TL;DR: In this article, the grain-size trend analysis is used to determine net sediment transport pathways and the validity of the trend analysis under natural conditions is tested against published field studies to determine the most appropriate variation trend to use in a specific environment.
01 Jun 2008
TL;DR: This work presents a sequence of theory transformations that can be used to bridge the gap between expressive membership equational programs and such termination tools, and proves the correctness of such transformations.
Abstract: Reasoning about the termination of equational programs in sophisticated equational languages such as Elan, Maude, OBJ, CafeOBJ, Haskell, and so on, requires support for advanced features such as evaluation strategies, rewriting modulo, use of extra variables in conditions, partiality, and expressive type systems (possibly including polymorphism and higher-order). However, many of those features are, at best, only partially supported by current term rewriting termination tools (for instance mu-term, C i ME, AProVE, TTT, Termptation, etc.) while they may be essential to ensure termination. We present a sequence of theory transformations that can be used to bridge the gap between expressive membership equational programs and such termination tools, and prove the correctness of such transformations. We also discuss a prototype tool performing the transformations on Maude equational programs and sending the resulting transformed theories to some of the aforementioned standard termination tools.
TL;DR: The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of sodium atoms, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 1319 nm photons entering the cavity.
Abstract: We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sum-frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 1319 nm. Output power as high as 800 mW are achieved starting from 370 mW at 1319 nm and 770 mW at 1064 nm, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 1319 nm photons entering the cavity. The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of sodium atoms.
TL;DR: A new function of the structural foamy Gag protein is highlighted as the main tether between incoming subviral complexes and host chromatin prior to integration, preventing proviral integration.
Abstract: Retroviruses hijack cellular machineries to productively infect their hosts. During the early stages of viral replication, proviral integration relies on specific interactions between components of the preintegration complex and host chromatin-bound proteins. Here, analyzing the fate of incoming primate foamy virus, we identify a short domain within the C-terminus of the structural Gag protein that efficiently binds host chromosomes, by interacting with H2A/H2B core histones. While viral particle production, virus entry and intracellular trafficking are not affected by mutation of this domain, chromosomal attachment of incoming subviral complexes is abolished, precluding proviral integration. We thus highlight a new function of the structural foamy Gag protein as the main tether between incoming subviral complexes and host chromatin prior to integration.
TL;DR: Infant formulae appear to be clinically safe and effective on infant microbiota and minimize the alteration of faecal microbiota after cessation of breast-feeding and promote bifidobacteria proportions, with a stronger effect when acidic oligosaccharides are present.
Abstract: Objective: To test the safety and effect on faecal microbiota of a formula with prebiotic oligosaccharides alone or in combination with acidic oligosaccharides in infants at the age of partial formula feeding. Patients and Methods: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised intervention trial in which 82 healthy, full-term, partially breast-fed children, from 1 week to 3 months old, were given 1 of the following formulae: whey-based formula (control group), whey-based formula with galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS group), or whey-based formula with galactoand long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides added with pectinderived acidic oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/ pAOS group). Children were studied for the duration of the partial formula feeding period and every 2 weeks for 2 months after breast-feeding cessation. The total bacteria count and the proportion of 7 bacterial families were determined using in situ hybridisation coupled to flow cytometry. Results: The total bacterial count did not alter with time or type offeeding(9.9 � 0.1log 10 cellspergramwetweight).Compared with the control group, there was an increase of the Bifidobacterium genus ( P ¼0.0001), and a decrease of proportions for the Bacteroides group ( P ¼0.02) and the Clostridium coccoides group ( P ¼0.01) in both oligosaccharide groups. The proportion of bifidobacteria was significantly higher in the scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS compared with the scGOS/lcFOS group (P<0.01). Conclusions: Infant formulae appear to be clinically safe and effective on infant microbiota. They minimize the alteration of faecal microbiota after cessation of breast-feeding and promote bifidobacteria proportions, with a stronger effect when acidic oligosaccharides are present. JPGN 46:580–588, 2008.
TL;DR: In this paper, the sum-frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 1319 nm was used to achieve power as high as 800 mW with the same number of photons entering the cavity.
Abstract: We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sum-frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 1319 nm. Output power as high as 800 mW is achieved starting from 370 mW at 1319 nm and 770 mW at 1064 nm, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 1319 nm photons entering the cavity. The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of sodium atoms.
26 Oct 2008
TL;DR: A new mining method relying on the definition of a compact keyframe-level descriptor and of a specific index structure is put forward for large video databases, demonstrating the scalability of this approach for databases of up to 10,000 hours of video.
Abstract: Mining the video content itself can bring to light important information regarding the internal structure of large video databases, compensating for a lasting absence of extensive and reliable annotations. Many valuable links between video segments can be identified by content-based copy detection methods, where "copies" are transformed versions of original video sequences. To make this approach viable for large video databases, we put forward a new mining method relying on the definition of a compact keyframe-level descriptor and of a specific index structure. The performance obtained in detecting links between video segments is evaluated with the help of a ground truth and several illustrations are given. The scalability of the approach is then demonstrated for databases of up to 10,000 hours of video.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived properties of the von Karman equations for geometrically nonlinear models of plates, with a boundary of arbitrary shape, for applications to nonlinear vibration and buckling.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of crack closure at various load ratios, R, will be considered as it might impact this conclusion, and the presence of closure will be explored for a range of transition sizes from small to long crack as well as various load ratio.
TL;DR: In this article, the extraction of neutral nitrogen-containing compounds (N-compounds) has been investigated with chloride-based ionic liquids (ILs) with varying cation classes (imidazolium, pyridinium).
Abstract: Extraction of neutral nitrogen-containing compounds (N-compounds) has been investigated with chloride based ionic liquids (ILs) with varying cation classes (imidazolium, pyridinium). ILs were first discriminated by their mutual solubility of ILs and model fuel. Low solubility of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium chloride (BMImCl) and 1-octylpyridinium chloride (OcPyCl) in the model fuel was observed. The ILs were then evaluated using a synthetic solution with dibenzothiophene and carbazole as model compounds, and a high selectivity for N-compounds was found. BMImCl and OcPyCl were then evaluated using straight-run diesel feed, containing 13 400 ppm S and 105 ppm N. An extraction of up to 50% of the N-compounds was obtained in one step whereas the sulfur concentration reduction was only 5%. Both ILs can be regenerated using small amount of water. Extracted compounds could be then extracted using toluene. The major constituents were identified by GC-MS. Analysis of the extracted compounds emphasized the selecti...
TL;DR: This work introduces a new feature vector based on projecting the keywords associated to an image on a set of “key concepts” with the help of an external lexical database and puts forward two improvements of SVM-based relevance feedback method to optimize the transfer of information between the user and the system.
Abstract: We address the challenge of semantic gap reduction for image retrieval through an improved support vector machines (SVM)-based active relevance feedback framework, together with a hybrid visual and conceptual content representation and retrieval. We introduce a new feature vector based on projecting the keywords associated to an image on a set of "key concepts" with the help of an external lexical database. We then put forward two improvements of SVM-based relevance feedback method. First, to optimize the transfer of information between the user and the system, we introduce a new active learning selection criterion that minimizes redundancy between the candidate images shown to the user. Second, as most image classes span a wide range of scales in the description space, we argue that the insensitivity of the SVM to the scale of the data is desirable in this context and we show how to obtain it by using specific kernel functions. Experimental evaluations show that the joint use of the new concept-based feature vector and the visual features with our relevance feedback scheme can significantly improve the quality of the results.
German National Metrology Institute1, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers2, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science3, National Institute of Standards and Technology4, Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board5, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology6, National Measurement Institute7, National Physical Laboratory8
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify all the sources of uncertainty associated with the interpolation method, in particular, those related to the reference blackbody temperatures (either variable-temperature or fixed-point blackbodies) and to the measured thermometer signals at these points.
Abstract: Below the freezing point of silver, radiation thermometers are generally calibrated by implementing the multi-point interpolation method using blackbody measurements at three or more calibration points, rather than the ITS-90 extrapolation technique. The interpolation method eliminates the need to measure the spectral responsivity and provides greater accuracy at the longer wavelengths required below the silver point. This article identifies all the sources of uncertainty associated with the interpolation method, in particular, those related to the reference blackbody temperatures (either variable-temperature or fixed-point blackbodies) and to the measured thermometer signals at these points. Estimates are given of the ‘normal’ and ‘best’ uncertainties currently achievable. A model of the thermometer response is used to propagate all the uncertainties at the reference points and provide a total uncertainty at any temperature within the calibration range. The multi-point method has the effect of constraining the total uncertainty over this range, unlike the ITS-90 technique for which the uncertainties propagate as T 2. This article is a joint effort of the working group on radiation thermometry of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), summarizing the knowledge and experience of all experts in this field.
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of acetamides from amines and an acetyl donor under microwaves without any catalyst is described and the inexpensive, solvent free, and fast reaction conditions are the important features of this procedure.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a general econometric approach to no-arbitrage asset pricing modeling based on three main ingredients: (i) the historical discrete-time dynamics of the factor representing the information, (ii) the Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF), and (iii) the discrete time risk-neutral (R.N.) factor dynamics.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to propose a general econometric approach to no-arbitrage asset pricing modelling based on three main ingredients: (i) the historical discrete-time dynamics of the factor representing the information, (ii) the Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF), and (iii) the discrete-time risk-neutral (R.N.) factor dynamics. Retaining an exponential-affine specification of the SDF, its modelling is equivalent to the specification of the risk sensitivity vector and of the short rate, if the latter is neither exogenous nor a known function of the factor. In this general framework, we distinguish three modelling strategies: the Direct Modelling, the Risk-Neutral Constrained Direct Modelling and the Back Modelling. In all the approaches we study the Internal Consistency Conditions (ICCs), implied by the absence of arbitrage opportunity assumption, and the identification problem. The general modelling strategies are applied to two important domains: security market models and term structure of interest rates models. In these contexts we stress the usefulness (and we suggest the use) of the Risk-Neutral Constrained Direct Modelling and of the Back Modelling approaches, both allowing to conciliate a flexible (non-Car) historical dynamics and a Car R.N. dynamics leading to explicit or quasi explicit pricing formulas for various derivative products. Moreover, we highlight the possibility to specify asset pricing models able to accommodate non-Car historical and non-Car R.N. factor dynamics with tractable pricing formulas. This result is based on the notion of (Risk-Neutral) Extended Car process that we introduce in the paper, and which allows to deal with sophisticated models like Gaussian and Inverse Gaussian GARCH-type models with regime-switching, or Wishart Quadratic Term Structure models.
TL;DR: In this paper, the recycling process of polypropylene and the elaboration of recycled polypropylon/modified clay nanocomposite by melt intercalation method have been investigated.
Abstract: The recycling process of polypropylene (PP) and the elaboration of recycled polypropylene/modified clay nanocomposite by melt intercalation method have been investigated The purpose of this work i
27 Apr 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 3, 115 adults and 1, 675 enfants was carried out by the Programme national nutrition sante (PNNS) to evaluate the situation nutritionnelle in France, and the results showed that dyslipidemia concernent, quant a elles, 44 % des adultes and hypertension arterielle, 31 % of the adults, were concernent.
Abstract: Le Programme national nutrition sante (PNNS) a pour but d’ameliorer l’etat de sante de la population en agissant sur l’un de ses determinants majeurs, la nutrition. L’Usen a realise en 2006, l’Etude nationale nutrition sante (ENNS) afin de decrire la situation nutritionnelle en France selon les indicateurs d’objectif et les reperes du PNNS. Realisee sur un echantillon de 3 115 adultes (18–74 ans) et de 1 675 enfants (3–17 ans), elle fournit des donnees actualisees sur la consommation alimentaire, l’etat nutritionnel et l’activite physique de la population generale. La prevalence de l’obesite est estimee, d’apres les donnees mesurees, a 17 % chez les adultes, de facon comparable chez les hommes et les femmes, tandis que 41 % des hommes et 24 % des femmes sont classes en surpoids. Les dyslipidemies concernent, quant a elles, 44 % des adultes et l’hypertension arterielle, 31 % des adultes. Chez les enfants, le surpoids incluant l’obesite est retrouve chez 18 % des enfants (dont 3,5 % sont obeses). Les consommations alimentaires et les apports en nutriments montrent des resultats contrastes selon les groupes d’aliments. L’ensemble des donnees recueillies dans le cadre de cette etude est utile a la decision de sante publique, notamment pour orienter les actions mises en place dans le cadre du PNNS.