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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences1, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna2, KORA Organics3, University of Zagreb4, Spanish National Research Council5, The Nature Conservancy6, University of Porto7, University of Tirana8, University of Bern9, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague10, Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests11, Sapienza University of Rome12, Forest Research Institute13, Transilvania University of Brașov14, University of Ljubljana15, University of Sarajevo16, Friends of the Earth International17, Mendel University18, Environment Agency19, University of Göttingen20, University of Warsaw21, American Museum of Natural History22, Norwegian University of Life Sciences23, Hedmark University College24, Sofia University25
TL;DR: It is shown that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records, and coexistence alongside humans has become possible, argue the authors.
Abstract: The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
1,290 citations
TL;DR: Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment Symposium as discussed by the authors was a Symposium organized by the US ERDA and the IAEA, San Francisco, 1975. Pp. 724.
Abstract: Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment. (Proceedings of a Symposium organised by the US ERDA and the IAEA, San Francisco, 1975.) Pp. 724. (IAEA: Vienna; HMSO: London, 1976.) £22.88.
193 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an operational definition of water demand management is proposed with five components: (1) reducing the quantity or quality of water required to accomplish a specific task; (2) adjusting the nature of the task so it can be accomplished with less water or lower quality water; (3) reducing losses in movement from source through use to disposal; (4) shifting time of use to off-peak periods; and (5) increasing the ability of the system to operate during droughts.
Abstract: An operational definition of water demand management is proposed with five components: (1) reducing the quantity or quality of water required to accomplish a specific task; (2) adjusting the nature of the task so it can be accomplished with less water or lower quality water; (3) reducing losses in movement from source through use to disposal; (4) shifting time of use to off-peak periods; and (5) increasing the ability of the system to operate during droughts. This definition brings out the drivers of water saving and permits the tracking of gains by the source of the saving. It is applicable to nations at different stages of economic development. It also shows how goals of greater water use efficiency are linked to those of equity, environmental protection and public participation. Taken together, these goals make water demand management less a set of techniques than a concept of governance.
169 citations
TL;DR: Critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed are discussed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy.
Abstract: The risks and benefits of nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials receive conflicting international attention across expert stakeholder groups as well as in news media coverage and published research. Current nanomaterial characterization is complicated by the lack of accepted approaches to measure exposure-relevant occurrences of suspected nanomaterials in food and by broad definitions related to food processing and additive materials. Therefore, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, analytical methods are needed to identify what materials, new or traditional, are "nanorelevant" with respect to biological interaction and/or uptake during alimentary tract transit. Challenges to method development in this arena include heterogeneity in nanomaterial composition and morphology, food matrix complexity, alimentary tract diversity, and analytical method limitations. Clear problem formulation is required to overcome these and other challenges and to improve understanding of biological fate in facilitating the assessment of nanomaterial safety or benefit, including sampling strategies relevant to food production/consumption and alimentary tract transit. In this Perspective, we discuss critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy.
120 citations
Authors
Showing all 111 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gyorgy Scrinis | 19 | 46 | 1424 |
| Duncan McLaren | 18 | 47 | 1427 |
| David Albright | 15 | 65 | 860 |
| David B. Brooks | 12 | 18 | 516 |
| Miroslav Kutal | 8 | 17 | 1307 |
| Mark Hibbs | 8 | 21 | 173 |
| Georgia Miller | 7 | 12 | 238 |
| Godwin Uyi Ojo | 7 | 11 | 282 |
| Robert A. Fimbel | 6 | 8 | 581 |
| David B. Brooks | 6 | 8 | 212 |
| Martin Wildenberg | 6 | 10 | 192 |
| Michel Vely | 6 | 13 | 230 |
| Walter C. Patterson | 4 | 19 | 62 |
| Amory B. Lovins | 4 | 4 | 236 |
| Martin Váňa | 4 | 6 | 1197 |