Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad published in 2001"
TL;DR: Sub-regional and sector level distribution of SO 2 and NO x emissions inventories for India have been estimated for all the 466 Indian districts using base data for years 1990 and 1995.
225 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this article is to introduce the technique and demonstrate it through an example to show how relative efficiencies can be determined and identify units that are relatively less efficient.
Abstract: Measurement of efficiency of any organisation (e.g., hospital, bank, etc.) that uses multiple inputs and generates multiple outputs is complex and comparisons across units are difficult. Charnes an...
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have estimated for 1990 and 1995 the inventory of greenhouse gases CO,C H and N O for India at a national and sub-regional district level.
138 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between seven types of food safety concerns and the corresponding change in food consumption habits of 236 households in Georgia, USA was evaluated by as discussed by the authors, which indicated that educating consumers about preventive methods to reduce food safety threats will lead to reduced concerns and changes in foods consumption habits.
Abstract: The relationship between seven types of food safety concerns and the corresponding change in food consumption habits of 236 households in Georgia, USA was evaluated. Results showed a gap between food safety concerns and food consumption habits. Gaps were particularly evident in the cases of pesticide residues, animal drug residues, growth hormones and bacteria. For example, more than 54% of sample households were extremely concerned about pesticide residues, but only 35% actually took extreme precaution in buying items considering this perceived threat. The study indicated that educating consumers about preventive methods to reduce food safety threats will lead to reduced concerns and changes in food consumption habits.
130 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored attitudes towards work and family roles of professional men and women in India and found that there was no change with age, in attitudes towards occupational and homemaker roles and gender-based differences in attitudes regarding these roles were observed.
Abstract: This paper explored attitudes towards work and family roles of professional men and women in India. Ninety-two husband–wife pairs from salaried, upper middle class, dual-career families in India participated in the study. Propositions based on adult development theories of men and women, regarding reward value derived from and commitment made to occupational, parental, marital, and homemaker roles over the life cycle, were tested. Results indicated that there was no change with age, in attitudes towards occupational and homemaker roles. Instead, gender-based differences in attitudes towards these roles were observed. Attitudes towards the marital and parental role varied across the life cycle, although not in keeping with propositions based on the adult development theories of men and women. There was no reversal in attitudes towards work and family roles of men and women after midlife. Rather, some reversal in attitudes appeared to occur between the marital and parental role, over the life span of both men and women. Results are reviewed within the Indian cultural context and their implications for the career development of women are discussed.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the resource-based view of firms to understand the strategic responses of nine family groups to the more liberalized environment in India's emerging economy, and proposed six hypotheses related to the restructure of business portfolios, structural changes within organizations, and the induction of professional family and nonfamily members.
Abstract: Following the lead of Habbershon and Williams (1999), this paper uses the resource-based view of firms to understand the strategic responses of nine family groups to the more liberalized environment in India's emerging economy. Using the concepts and empirical findings in the resource-based view (RBV) stream of literature, this manuscript offers six hypotheses related to the restructure of business portfolios, structural changes within organizations, and the induction of professional family and nonfamily members. I also identify five emerging trends in the responses and use them to test the hypotheses. Data from published sources indicates a high degree of support for the hypotheses. The manuscript also shows how the resource-based view of the firm provides an excellent theoretical framework for understanding and interpreting these responses and suggests directions for further research.
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed performance measures that can be computed through publicly available information and described an approach for benchmarking using these performance measures and demonstrates how meaningful results may be derived from this exercise.
Abstract: SUMMARY
This article develops performance measures that can be computed through publicly available information. The article describes an approach for benchmarking using these performance measures and demonstrates how meaningful results may be derived from this exercise. By following this framework, a firm can identify areas of opportunity for improvement in its internal supply chain. Further, the framework can help to identify specific reasons behind the performance levels in the internal supply chain and stimulate performance improvement. To illustrate the framework, it is applied to the paint industry. The framework provides meaningful results for the firms in the industry.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine issues in auction design that contributed to the delay and review the key elements in the design process namely a coherent regulatory framework, choice of service areas, flexibility for service area consolidation, standards and their role, convergence, managing public service regulation and managing defaults.
46 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that income share growth accrued almost wholly to the top quintile of the income distribution at the expense of a "middle class" that they defined as the three middle quintiles of the distribution.
Abstract: Early research has documented that the large scale equity market liberalizations of the last decade led the subsequent rise in aggregate equity indices, investment booms, capital flows and economic growth. An important and unaddressed issue is the normative question of whether and how these reforms shifted the distribution of incomes in the aftermath of equity market liberalization. In careful empirical analysis, we find a pattern indicating that income share growth accrued almost wholly to the top quintile of the income distribution at the expense of a "middle class" that we define as the three middle quintiles of the income distribution. A surprising finding is that the lowest income share remained effectively unchanged in the event of liberalization. These patterns are robust to the inclusion of a wide variety of controls for global shocks, country specific factors, and contemporaneously implemented privatization and stabilization policies.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationships between equity theory, equity sensitivity, and organizational citizenship behavior are examined, including whether individuals from different cultures differ in their equity sensitivity orientations, preference for benevolent, equity sensitive, and entitled situations involving a case scenario.
Abstract: This paper examines the relationships between equity theory, equity sensitivity, and organizational citizenship behavior. Several issues are investigated: whether individuals from different cultures differ in their equity sensitivity orientations; whether individuals from different cultures differ in preference for benevolent, equity sensitive, and entitled situations involving a case scenario; and whether cultural differences impact organizational citizenship behavior.
37 citations
01 Jul 2001
TL;DR: Pandey et al. as discussed by the authors found that substantial part of these gains are wiped out subsequently indicating that valuation gains associated with takeovers in large part reflect private value of control, expected to be high in the Indian context The fact that only one large open offer (out of 16 in all) was associated with an attempted unsuccessful hostile takeover bid suggests that given relatively large insiders' shareholdings, takeovers as governance mechanisms are not likely to be effective and private value-of control may be the driver in the market for tt l Ajay Pandey is a member of the
Abstract: The empirical studies in the context of developed countries have consistently pointed out substantial valuation gains for target firms, particularly in case of successful takeovers. This effect has been "found to be higher for tender offers compared to mergers and proxy contests, the other forms of plays in the market for corporate control. Subsequent to enactment of takeover enabling regulations in 1997 in India, takeovers and substantial acquisition of shares necessitate making open offer to the investors. Based on the empirical investigation of 14 large (above Rs 10 crore) takeover related open offers using event study methodology, we document significant announcement effect (» 10%) associated with the takeovers in Indian capital market. We also find that the target firm valuations increase in the runup to announcement. However, unlike developed countries, substantial part of these gains are wiped out subsequently indicating that valuation gains associated with takeovers in large part reflect private value of control, expected to be high in the Indian context The fact that only one large open offer (out of 16 in all) was associated with an attempted unsuccessful hostile takeover bid suggests that given relatively large insiders' shareholdings, takeovers as governance mechanisms are not likely to be effective and private value of control may be the driver in the market for tt l Ajay Pandey is a member of the faculty in the Finance Area of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. e-mail: Apandey@nmahd.ernet.in
TL;DR: The study attempts to provide an overview of the general status of the health care services provided by hospitals in the state of Gujarat in terms of their technical and allocative efficiency.
Abstract: This study focuses on analysing the hospital efficiency of district-level govern ment hospitals and grant-in-aid hospitals in Gujarat. The study attempts to provide an overview of the general statu...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the electronic products and delivery and trading systems in use in banking and the potential new risks to banks arising from their use, and present a risk assessment of the use of such systems.
Abstract: This article surveys the electronic products and delivery and trading systems in use in banking and the potential new risks to banks arising from their use.
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TL;DR: The issues in infrastructure development in India linking market failure, policy, regulation, and privatisation in India c. 2000 are discussed in this article, where the authors bring out the issues of infrastructure development and link them with market failure.
Abstract: Brings out the issues in infrastructure development in India linking market failure, policy, regulation, and privatisation in India c. 2000. Is the lead article in the India Infrastructure Report
TL;DR: In this article, higher-order asymptotics on expected lengths of associated confidence intervals are investigated in a possibly non-iid setting, and the connection with Bartlett adjustability is also indicated.
TL;DR: The TRAI's CPP order was overturned by the Supreme Court of India in early 2000, due to lack of jurisdiction as discussed by the authors, and since then, the enabling legislation has been amended.
TL;DR: In this paper, two top-down models that were adapted for India and show some key results from them are presented. But, they do not consider the impact of carbon taxes on the economy.
Abstract: The complex dynamics between energy, emissions and economy have increasingly attracted modelling studies over the past decade. In this paper, we briefly describe two top-down models that were adapted for India and show some key results from them. Working with more than one model gives us a better understanding of the differences in model structures and puts us in a good position for appreciating the differences in results from these models due to this fact. We project the long-term energy and emission trajectories from the global model (ERB) and the national model (SGM) and come to a conclusion that India’s energy system will remain largely dependent on coal in BAU case and is open to change under a regime of carbon taxes towards less carbon-emitting fuels like gas and renewables. Carbon tax reduces carbon dioxide emissions but there is also a loss of GDP.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of listing of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) on the liquidity of the firm's underlying domestic shares was assessed by using a sample of 30 Indian DR programs that listed on the foreign markets between 1st January 1996 and 30th June, 2001.
Abstract: Between May 1992 and June 2001, seventy-two Indian companies tapped the international capital markets with their equity offerings in form of Depositary Receipts (DRs). Initially most of these programs were in form of Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and were traded on London and Luxembourg stock exchanges. Since 1999 many Indian companies have been listing their American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) on the U.S. stock exchanges. Home market responses to issuance of DRs are of interest to the policy makers, investors, market intermediaries, CFOs and finance scholars. Policy makers in emerging markets are increasingly concerned about the consequences for the domestic equity market when companies list stocks abroad. Present paper assesses the impact of listing of ADRs/GDRs on the liquidity of the firm's underlying domestic shares by using a sample of 30 Indian DR programs that listed on the foreign markets between 1st January, 1996 and 30th June, 2001. Consistent with the theoretical assertions and results of Domowitz, Glen and Madhavan (1998), we record mixed results- while ADRs listings in most cases reduce the liquidity of the domestic underlying shares, GDR listings in most cases increase the liquidity of the domestic underlying shares.
TL;DR: The paper discusses an integrated modeling system for India that uses ten models and presents some results to highlight their in-depth coverage and capability to address energy and environmental concerns.
Abstract: Integrated modeling system offers advantages over a huge monolith model in addressing diverse issues in energy and environment modeling for a vast country like India. It utilizes the inherent strengths of strong individual top-down and bottom-up models that are best suited to address specific energy and environment issues. The Integrated modeling system soft links these models through consistent and similar assumptions for all the models, a shared database and talking between the models as against hard linking them through model codes and runs. Multiple feedback is required among the models to ensure consistency of results and policy analysis. The paper discusses an integrated modeling system for India that uses ten models and presents some results to highlight their in-depth coverage and capability to address energy and environmental concerns.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a characterization for orthogonal arrays of strength two in terms of D-optimality under a multiple regression model with continuous factor levels, which is similar to the one presented in this paper.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the linkage between strategic grouping and performance of the Indian banking sector and found that banks with identical financial performance formed strategic groups with significant positive linkage between better groups and their superior financial performance, which showed their inherent homogeneity in business policy decisions.
Abstract: This paper explores the linkage between strategic grouping and performance of the Indian banking sector. Strategic grouping and performance were identified using published financial information for all public sector banks. Grouping of Indian public sector banks following comparable financial strategy – with similar asset quality, operational efficiency and profitability was operationalized using the graphical display method of Co-plot.From their position in the two dimensional conceptual map, banks with identical financial performance formed strategic groups with significant positive linkage between better groups and their superior financial performance, which showed their inherent homogeneity in business policy decisions. Relative performance of the banks in terms of their efficiency in converting the resources to financial outputs was obtained using data envelopment analysis technique. The measures for potential financial improvements were obtained from the output slacks calculated. Efficient banks were found to be more profitable and their grouping as observed in the efficiency-profitability matrix was found to be identical to the strategic groups obtained using financial ratios.This paper offers a framework to commercial banks to make informed policy decisions about their competitive positioning in the target market, develop long-term strategic focus and identify a benchmark for improving their performance.
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to characterize axiomatically and analyze the constrained equal award solution for rationing problems.
TL;DR: This paper is able to offer a necessary and sufficient condition for voting operators, to always select the best elements from the feasible set, according to a reflexive, complete and transitive binary relations.
TL;DR: An exact O(n33n) algorithm is described based on the repeated use of a bipartite matching algorithm for the one facility one commodity network design problem and another reformulation of the problem that is quasi integral is provided.
Abstract: The one facility one commodity network design problem (OFOC) with nonnegative flow costs considers the problem of sending d units of flow from a source to a destination where arc capacity is purchased in batches of C units. The two facility problem (TFOC) is similar, but capacity can be purchased either in batches of C units or one unit. Flow costs are zero. These problems are known to be NP-hard. We describe an exact O(n
33
n
) algorithm for these problems based on the repeated use of a bipartite matching algorithm. We also present a better lower bound of Ω(n
2
k
*) for an earlier Ω(n
2k
) algorithm described in the literature where k=⌊d/C⌋ and k
*=min k,⌊(n−2)/2⌋. The matching algorithm is faster than this one for k≥⌊(n−2)/2⌋. Finally, we provide another reformulation of the problem that is quasi integral. This property could be useful in designing a modified version of the simplex method to solve the problem using a sequence of pivots with integer extreme solutions, referred to as the integral simplex method in the literature.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a large class of test statistics which includes the likelihood ratio, Rao's score and Wald's statistics in particular, and study Bartlett adjustability and third-order power in a possibly non-iid setting.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the situation with regard to the electricity sector and the failure of policy and regulation and argue for direct subsidy and a market oriented unbundling of the sector to take the sector forward.
Abstract: The paper reviews the situation with regard to the electricity sector and the failure of policy and regulation It argues for direct subsidy and a market oriented unbundling of the sector to take the sector forward It also brings out the failure of the IPP policy and the costs that it has imposed on the sector and the economy
TL;DR: The authors developed a simple model to show that mispricing of electricity at nearly zero usage prices is the principal reason for overdrawl of ground water and social waste in subsidising of agriculure in India, and how direct subsidies could overcome the same.
Abstract: Develops a simple model to show that mispricing of electricity -at nearly zero usage prices - is the principal reason for overdrawl of ground water and social waste in subsidising of agriculure in India, and how direct subsidies could overcome the same.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the impact of emerging information and communication technologies on organizational forms and argue that the emergence of virtual (or boundaryless) organizations based on self-governance is a viable mode in certain contexts, that are even less structured than those conducive for clan governance.
Abstract: There are a lot of discussions in the academic and popular press about the types of organizational forms that have evolved (or are going to emerge) in the Electronic Age. This paper expands the fundamental framework offered by Transaction Cost Theory to understand the impact of emerging information and communication technologies on organizational forms. According to the theory, there are three dominant modes of governance, namely, market, hierarchy, and clan, each suitable for different contexts. In this paper, it is argued that the Internet has increased the efficiency of market-based transactions, thereby increasing the scope of market governance. It has also lead to the emergence of virtual (or boundary-less) organizations based on a new mode of governance, which is labeled self-governance, as a viable mode in certain contexts, that are even less structured than those conducive for clan governance. Extranets have enhanced the scope of network organizations by providing a more viable mode of governance, labeled network governance, which can be positioned between market and hierarchy. Finally, intranets have improved the efficiency of hierarchies thus expanding its applicability. But they have also made clan governance more feasible. In summary, the emerging information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new modes of governance, enhanced the opportunity to govern a greater range of exchanges than was possible without them, and altered the conditions under which the alternate modes of governance are suitable.
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The inherent conflict among different choices arising out of a feeling of guilt, gratitude, responsibility, or stewardship, or just spiritual reverence towards nature in diverse societies is resolved or lessened through various ethical principles or frameworks as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The inherent conflict among different choices arising out of a feeling of guilt, gratitude, responsibility, or stewardship, or just spiritual reverence towards nature in diverse societies is resolved or lessened through various ethical principles or frameworks. Different cultures have evolved stories that have guided us in times of personal, professional, societal, or even global crisis. The concern for nature in all its variations has been invoked among various communities and social groups through various instruments of culture such as religion, moral codes, beliefs, myths, legends, folk lore, and of course the values that shape the way we define normative hierarchies of our preferences. Jainism, a religious order supposed to be at least five thousand years old, considers all life as sacred including micro-organisms. This was perhaps one of the earliest philosophies of ecological ethics in which there was and is no confusion about which life forms must exist and which can exist. Should one save what serves the human ends? The Buddhist view and the Hindu view also enjoin the responsibility on human beings for protecting all living beings. Not just the useful ones. One of the seminal Vedic prayer requires Hindus to pray for all living beings, not just the humans and certainly not just the ones who share their faith.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a weaker new congruence axiom which along with the Chernoff axiom implies full rationality in discrete choice contexts of the classical type (i.e. all non-empty finite subsets of a given set comprise the set of choice problems).
Abstract: Rationality in choice theory has been an abiding concern of decision theorists. A rationality postulate of considerable significance in the literature is the weak congruence axiom of Richter and Sen. It is well known that in discrete choice contexts of the classical type (i.e. all non-empty finite subsets of a given set comprise the set of choice problems) this axiom is equivalent to full rationality. The question is: will a weakening of the weak congruence axiom suffice to imply full rationality? This is the question we take up in this paper. We propose a weaker new congruence axiom which along with the Chernoff axiom implies full rationality. The two axioms are independent. We also study interesting properties of these axioms and their interconnections through examples.