Showing papers by "Indiana University published in 1979"
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01 Jan 1979TL;DR: This paper presents thediscretization of the Navier-Stokes Equations: General Stability and Convergence Theorems, and describes the development of the Curl Operator and its application to the Steady-State Naviers' Equations.
Abstract: I. The Steady-State Stokes Equations . 1. Some Function Spaces. 2. Existence and Uniqueness for the Stokes Equations. 3. Discretization of the Stokes Equations (I). 4. Discretization of the Stokes Equations (II). 5. Numerical Algorithms. 6. The Penalty Method. II. The Steady-State Navier-Stokes Equations . 1. Existence and Uniqueness Theorems. 2. Discrete Inequalities and Compactness Theorems. 3. Approximation of the Stationary Navier-Stokes Equations. 4. Bifurcation Theory and Non-Uniqueness Results. III. The Evolution Navier-Stokes Equations . 1. The Linear Case. 2. Compactness Theorems. 3. Existence and Uniqueness Theorems. (n < 4). 4. Alternate Proof of Existence by Semi-Discretization. 5. Discretization of the Navier-Stokes Equations: General Stability and Convergence Theorems. 6. Discretization of the Navier-Stokes Equations: Application of the General Results. 7. Approximation of the Navier-Stokes Equations by the Projection Method. 8. Approximation of the Navier-Stokes Equations by the Artificial Compressibility Method. Appendix I: Properties of the Curl Operator and Application to the Steady-State Navier-Stokes Equations. Appendix II. (by F. Thomasset): Implementation of Non-Conforming Linear Finite Elements. Comments.
4,486 citations
TL;DR: Plots of the C-27, C-28 and C-29 sterol contents of marine plankton, higher plants, soils, and marine sediments form discrete areas in a triangular diagram as mentioned in this paper.
1,286 citations
TL;DR: The Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) was developed as a short, factor-analytic screening device for difficultness and it was found that mother characteristics may affect perceptions of infant difficultness.
Abstract: The Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) was developed as a short, factor-analytic screening device for difficultness. Responses of 322 mothers of 4-6-month-old infants suggested that they regard the fussy, hard-to-soothe, labile infant as difficult. Mother report on the ICQ, particularly on the main fussy-difficult factor was found to have adequate reliability over time and convergence with the Carey Survey of Temperamental Characteristics, with father report on the ICQ, and, to a lower degree, with home data collected by independent observers. It was also found that mother characteristics may affect perceptions of infant difficultness: multiparous, extraverted mothers tended to rate their infants as easy.
1,075 citations
477 citations
TL;DR: The net effect of all of these processes except uptake by regrowing vegetation is insufficient to prevent or delay losses from relatively fertile sites, and hence such sites have the potential for very high nitrate losses following disturbance.
Abstract: A systematic examination of nitrogen cycling in disturbed forest ecosystems demonstrates that eight processes, operating at three stages in the nitrogen cycle, could delay or prevent solution losses of nitrate from disturbed forests An experimental and comparative study of nitrate losses from trenched plots in 19 forest sites throughout the United States suggests that four of these processes (nitrogen uptake by regrowing vegetation, nitrogen immobilization, lags in nitrification, and a lack of water for nitrate transport) are the most important in practice The net effect of all of these processes except uptake by regrowing vegetation is insufficient to prevent or delay losses from relatively fertile sites, and hence such sites have the potential for very high nitrate losses following disturbance
477 citations
TL;DR: It is likely that the origin of the ventricular tachycardia was confined to a relatively protected small area near the posteroinferior portion of the left ventricle and was not due to macroreentry.
Abstract: Atrial stimulation induced a sustained ventricular tachycardia in two patients with mitral valve prolapse and in one patient who had mild hypertension without cardiac abnormalities. Exercise-induced sinus tachycardia also started the ventricular tachycardia in one patient. Evidence is presented to suggest that the mechanism of ventricular tachycardia in one patient was reentrant excitation and in another patient triggered automaticity. It is likely that the origin of the ventricular tachycardia was confined to a relatively protected small area near the posteroinferior portion of the left ventricle and was not due to macroreentry.
344 citations
TL;DR: These studies indicate that stimulation of the emetic reflex results in AVP-release in man and rat, and indicates that Nausea-mediated AVP release supervenes over concomitant osmolar or pharmacologic inhibition.
334 citations
TL;DR: The aggregation defect was rapidly reversible and aggregates were again normal size 2 weeks after removal of a cast that had been worn for 6 weeks.
Abstract: Healthy adult dogs were studied for a defect in proteoglycan aggregation by immobilizing one limb for varying periods of time. Immobilization for 6 days resulted in a 41% reduction in proteoglycan synthesis by articular cartilage from the restrained knee compared with the contralateral control knee. After 3 weeks of immobilization, proteoglycan aggregation was no longer demonstrable in cartilage from the constrained limb. The aggregation defect was rapidly reversible and aggregates were again normal size 2 weeks after removal of a cast that had been worn for 6 weeks.
298 citations
TL;DR: This study provides further support for the contingent processing hypothesis and for the attribute complexity hypothesis, and it increases confidence in the use of protocol analysis as a viable process tracing technique.
284 citations
TL;DR: The ability of children between the ages of 2; 0 and 4; 8 to produce locative pre- or postpositions was investigated in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish.
Abstract: The ability of children between the ages of 2; 0 and 4; 8 to produce locative pre- or postpositions was investigated in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Across languages, there was a general order of development: (1) ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘under’, and ‘beside’, (2) ‘between’, ‘back’ and ‘front’ with featured objects, (3) ‘back’ and ‘front’ with non-featured objects. This order of development is discussed in terms of nonlinguistic growth in conceptual ability. Language-specific differences in the general pattern of development are discussed in terms of a number of linguistic factors which may facilitate or retard the child's discovery of the linguistic means for encoding concepts.
273 citations
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TL;DR: The chapter discusses the motions in proteins and discusses the dominant methods of observation that provide information about frequencies and amplitudes of motion in proteins.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the motions in proteins. Gelation of gelatin or precipitation of casein with mild acid are examples of reversible changes in which structural motility of the protein chains or subunits is recognized as playing a part. The sometimes reversible spreading of monolayers derived from mondisperse proteins provides some of the first evidence for the true plasticity of protein molecules and paved the way for the elegant demonstration of reversible conformational transitions. The tracing of the passage of an unfolded polypeptide chain to the compact, native structure is a primary concern of protein chemistry. One segment of polypeptide chain adapts its backbone and sidechain conformation to the structure of another segment in the process of forming the compact, functional structure of a protein was made particularly vivid by experiments on the reassociation of cleaved fragments. Overall translational and rotational motion is observed with a protein in solution, apart from any intramolecular motions. These overall motions are those that remain if the protein molecule is treated as a rigid matrix. Rotational reorientation of intramolecular components involves rotations about individual interatomic bonds. Concerted motions in proteins involve the movement of groups of side chains or segments of backbone relative to other structures. Motions of interacting ions and small molecules produce fluctuations in protein structure in addition to Brownian transfer of momentum. Time scales of various types of motions are important both for experimental recognition of the time-dependent processes and for analyzing their importance in the functional molecular mechanics. The chapter also discusses the dominant methods of observation that provide information about frequencies and amplitudes of motions in proteins.
TL;DR: The validity of pre-ejection period (PEP), a systolic time interval, as a measure of beta-adrenergic influences upon myocardial contractility is evaluated.
Abstract: Increasing interest among psychophysiologists in sympathetic (beta-adrenergic) influences upon the heart has created the need for noninvasive techniques for assessing these influences. The validity of pre-ejection period (PEP), a systolic time interval, as a measure of beta-adrenergic influences upon myocardial contractility is evaluated. Details of a procedure for determining PEP using a polygraph and digital computer are presented. This methodology is then applied to an experiment in which the intracardiac (PEP) and arterial subintervals of pulse transmission time (PTI') are measured during biofeedback-assisted control of PTI' in order to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in PEP to PTT control. DESCRIPTORS: Pre-ejection period, Beta-adrenergic cardiac influences, Contractility, Pulse transmission time.
TL;DR: Relationships suggest that at least moderate levels of malnutrition existed in Illinois Woodland populations, with a significant association between prenatal dental defects and bony evidence for anemia and infectious disease.
Abstract: Linear hypoplasia of the deciduous teeth is rare in most human populations, but common where nutritional status is poor. Deciduous enamel hypoplasia, hypocalcification, and hypoplasia-related caries are described in Middle and Late Woodland skeletal series from the Lower Illinois Valley. Gross enamel defects that can be referred to pre-natal development are found in 83 of 170 children under six years of age at death. Circular caries secondary to hypoplasia is significantly more common in the Late Woodland series, reflecting the apparent higher cariogenicity of Late Woodland diets. There is a significant association between prenatal dental defects and bony evidence for anemia and infectious disease. Children with enamel defects show relatively higher weaning age mortality than those without. These relationships suggest that at least moderate levels of malnutrition existed in Illinois Woodland populations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined children's use of access rituals in peer interaction in a nursery school and a discussion of the implications of the findings regarding the development of communicative competence is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, children's use of access rituals in peer interaction in a nursery school is examined and a discussion of the implications of the findings regarding the development of communicative competence is presented. The findings show that entry into play is a production of some importance involving considerable time and strategy to accomplish, while leave-taking usually involves unmarked physical movement from play areas. The importance of peer interaction in the acquisition of access rituals and the necessity of studying children's verbal routines in natural settings are discussed. (Developmental sociolinguistics, peer interaction, children's use of access rituals, US English.)
TL;DR: The results show that the difficulty of the Piagetian perspective task is not due to egocentrism, and the results can be explained if a different second principle is added to the principle of literalness of problem interpretation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the historical shift from a classical to a positivist philosophy of sentencing and the emerging profession of probation as a symbol of this transition, and suggest that the involvement of probation officers in sentencing decisions is often ceremonial, and the concept of "loose coupling" from organizational theory provides a means of understanding how this finding reflects the dominant legitimation and efficiency needs of contemporary criminal courts.
Abstract: Currently dominant Durkheimian and Marxian models of criminal justice assume a tight fit between structure and function in the criminal courts. This paper offers an alternative conception of crime and punishment as a loosely coupled organizational system. Our discussion focuses on the historical shift from a classical to a positivist philosophy of sentencing and the emerging profession of probation as a symbol of this transition. However, our empirical analysis of sentencing decisions in felony cases reveals that the influence of probation officers in the presentencing process is subordinate to that of prosecutors. This finding suggests that the involvement of probation officers in sentencing decisions is often ceremonial, and we suggest that the concept of "loose coupling" from organizational theory provides a means of understanding how this finding reflects the dominant legitimation and efficiency needs of contemporary criminal courts. Conceptions of justice change, and with them the structures of doing justice. The most significant conceptual change of this century in the realm of criminal justice is a shift from the classical to the positivist view of crime and punishment. Put simply, the positivist position is that punishments must fit the individual criminal rather than the crime. Thus, where the classical theorists-such as Beccaria, Bentham, and Romilly-urged a close fit between infraction and reaction, the positivists-Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo-were more anxious to match the sanction to its recipient (Mannheim; Vold). This shift found encouragement in the American political
TL;DR: A category of implementations of data type extensions is formulated, and it is shown that such a category has a final object in the category of representations of that type.
TL;DR: A detailed comparison is made of the alternative approaches of parameter estimation and suggestions are given for the potential users of decompositional multiattribute preference models.
Abstract: Since 1971, interest in the use of decompositional multiattribute preference models in marketing has been increasing. The applications have varied in terms of the type of data used, behavior predic...
TL;DR: The loss in β-adrenergic receptor binding does not correlate in a temporal fashion with the reported decrease in norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the cerebellum which occurs as early as 12 months of age.
TL;DR: With prolonged, free-choice consumption, ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring rats increases to as much as 12 g per kg body weight per day without producing behavioral deficits, suggesting the development of tolerance.
TL;DR: Concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, were measured in 28 patients with severe hyperglycemia to determine if abnormalities in hormonal regulation of water excretion could contribute to the extreme dehydration of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Abstract: Concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, were measured in 28 patients with severe hyperglycemia to determine if abnormalities in hormonal regulation of water excretion could contribute to the extreme dehydration of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Vasopressin levels were markedly elevated in both nonketotic and ketotic patients, indicating that vasopressin deficiency plays no role in the polyuria that accompanies hyperglycemia. Instead, the observed increases in vasopressin represent an ineffective effort to conserve water in the face of an overwhelming solute diuresis caused by the glucosuria. The reasons for such marked elevations in plasma vasopressin in these diabetic patients are multifactorial. Both groups of diabetic patients had evidence of hypovolemia, which was sufficient in magnitude to stimulate vasopressin release. Furthermore, nausea provided an independent stimulus to vasopressin secretion in many patients. Osmotic stimulation might have resulted from the large fraction of unidentified plasma solutes, but this factor alone was not sufficient to explain the markedly increased concentrations of vasopressin. Whether such elevations in vasopressin could have metabolic and/or hemodynamic effects in uncrontrolled diabetes remains to be established.
TL;DR: There have been major and minor shifts of the reproductive ecology in various groups of angiosperms so that the diverse flowers and fruits seen today are the product of reticulate patterns of evolution.
TL;DR: The formation of both the anterior most and posterior most segments in higher dipteran embryos involves complex movements of primordia which can be best visualized with the scanning electron microscope.
TL;DR: A classification of these adverse effects of topical ocular medications is presented and a review of their etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, diagnosis, and management is provided.
TL;DR: The use of humor by teachers in the college classroom was examined through a systematic content analysis of sample presentations from university classes as mentioned in this paper, finding that a substantial proportion of college teachers employ humor in presenting educational material.
Abstract: The use of humor by teachers in the college classroom was examined through a systematic content analysis of sample presentations from university classes. In addition to an assessment of the frequency with which humor was employed, characteristics of the type of humor used by college teachers were examined. It was determined that a substantial proportion of college teachers employ humor in presenting educational material. Moreover, several patterns of humor usage were discovered.
TL;DR: The enzyme activity levels of alcohol, malate, isocitrate, glucose-6-ph phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were determined in mature maize scutella in a series of one to four doses of the long arm of chromosome 1, produced by the B-A translocation 1La.
Abstract: The enzyme activity levels of alcohol, malate, isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were determined in mature maize scutella in a series of one to four doses of the long arm of chromosome 1, produced by the B-A translocation 1La. Although the Adh structural locus was varied, ADH levels did not exhibit a gene-dosage effect. The levels of G6PDH, 6PGDH and IDH were negatively correlated with the dosage of 1L. MDH was unresponsive. The esterase-8 enzyme, whose structural locus was demonstrated to be elsewhere in the genome, was also negatively correlated with 1L dosage. The portion of the B chromosome involved in the translocation was shown to have no effect on the enzyme levels. Measurements of cell size and hydrolysable DNA per mg dry weight revealed no change in the number of cells through the one, two and three dose series. The topic of enzyme alterations in aneuploids is reviewed.
TL;DR: Packed microacapillary columns of the reversed-phase type for liquid chromatography are shown to provide the high efficiencies needed to resolve complex mixtures as discussed by the authors, with respect to small volumes of sampling and detection.
TL;DR: The administration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was found to improve polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in an infant with congenital deficiency of glutathione synthetase activity, and associated with the functional improvement was a normalization of microtubule assembly during phagocytic challenge.
Abstract: The administration of vitamin E (alpha-to-copherol) was found to improve polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in an infant with congenital deficiency of glutathione synthetase activity. Be...