Showing papers by "Ladoke Akintola University of Technology published in 2019"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the use of leaf-based materials, in raw or modified forms, as adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous effluents, with applications in wastewater treatment.
293 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synergistic effect of the lignocellulose composition of different palm wastes for energy storage device is discussed and the major drawbacks in the conventional Barrett-Joiner-Halenda (BJH) porosity characterization technique are addressed and the novel Non-localized Density Functional Theory characterization technique is suggested.
117 citations
TL;DR: The antibacterial and antifungal investigation of the synthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited good antimicrobial activity and the effectiveness of thegold nanoparticle against the test pathogens increases as the concentration of gold nanoparticle increases.
Abstract: The need to divulge the rapid synthesis, non-hazardous, cost effectiveness and eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing plants is of great importance. This is as a result of high toxicity associated with the chemical method of synthesizing nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of the synthesized gold nanoparticle against selected human pathogens. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting 1 mM gold chloride solution with leaf extract of Annona muricata. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized with UV–visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized gold nanoparticles were also investigated. The morphology, size, and structural properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles were determined with TEM analysis which showed spherical mono-dispersed structure with an average particle size of 25.5 nm. FTIR analysis reveal band at 3271.14, 2111.91 and 1637.82 cm−1 corresponding to –N–H, –C=C, and –C–N functional groups that are responsible for the capping and stabilization of synthesized gold nanoparticles. The effectiveness of the gold nanoparticle against the test pathogens increases as the concentration of gold nanoparticle increases. The percentage of zones of inhibition of synthesized gold nanoparticle against test fungi and bacteria ranges from 30 to 66% and 40 to 54%, respectively. The potency of the synthesized gold nanoparticle against the selected fungi and bacteria increases with increase in concentration of gold nanoparticle. Therefore, the antibacterial and antifungal investigation revealed that the synthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited good antimicrobial activity.
108 citations
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: This literature review was tailored to widely investigate the ethnobiological, phytochemical compounds and pharmacological assays in attempt to divulge other plausible therapeutic activities of Cymbopogon citratus.
Abstract: Cymbopogon citratus is an aromatic plant of Gramineae family well-known as lemon grass. Cymbopogon is derived from Greek word “kymbe – pogon” which means boat-beard. The lemon-like scent could be ascribed to the existence of a cyclic monoterpene (citral). The herb is a perennial grass, native and distributed in Asia, Africa, South and North America. It contains considerable group of flavonoids, essential oils, phenolic compounds and other phytochemical constituents which possesses pharmacological activities such as anti-obesity, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-nociceptive, anti-oxidants anti-diarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties which could enhance health. Owing to its volatility and lemon-like aroma, citronella oil is used as deodorants in cosmetics, toiletries, insecticides (bio-pesticide) and spent grass in agriculture, in pharmaceutical and chemical industries it is incorporated in the manufacture of perfumes, fragrances, soaps, detergents, aftershaves, cosmetics and as culinary flavor in food industries. This literature review was tailored to widely investigate the ethnobiological, phytochemical compounds and pharmacological assays in attempt to divulge other plausible therapeutic activities.
81 citations
TL;DR: An extensive investigation was conducted to determine the most appropriate neural network parameters for path loss prediction in Very High Frequency (VHF) band and showed that ANN-based path loss model has better prediction accuracy and generalization ability than the empirical models.
Abstract: It is very important to understand the input features and the neural network parameters required for optimal path loss prediction in wireless communication channels. In this paper, an extensive investigation was conducted to determine the most appropriate neural network parameters for path loss prediction in Very High Frequency (VHF) band. Field measurements were conducted in an urban propagation environment to obtain relevant geographical and network information about the receiving mobile equipment and quantify the path losses of radio signals transmitted at 189.25 MHz and 479.25 MHz. Different neural network architectures were trained with varying kinds of input parameters, number of hidden neurons, activation functions, and learning algorithms to accurately predict corresponding path loss values. At the end of the experimentations, the performance of the developed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are evaluated using the following statistical metrics: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Standard Deviation (SD) and Regression coefficient (R). Results obtained show that the ANN model that yielded the best performance employed four input variables (latitude, longitude, elevation, and distance), nine hidden neurons, hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) activation function, and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm with MAE, MSE, RMSE, SD and R values of 0.58 dB, 0.66 dB, 0.81 dB, 0.56 dB and 0.99 respectively. Finally, a comparative analysis of the developed model with Hata, COST 231, ECC-33 and Egli models showed that ANN-based path loss model has better prediction accuracy and generalization ability than the empirical models.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified ridge-type estimator is suggested by modifying the ridge regression estimator, which has been widely accepted as an alternative method to combat the problem of multicollinearity.
Abstract: The Linear regression model is one of the most widely used models in differentfields of study. The most popularly used estimation technique is the ordinaryleast squares estimator. The technique becomes unstable and gives misleadingresult in the presence of multicollinearity. The ridge regression estimator hasbeen widely accepted as an alternative method to combat the problem ofmulticollinearity. In this study, a modified ridge‐type estimator is suggestedby modifying the ridge regression estimator. A Monte Carlo simulation studyand real‐life application were conducted to compare the performance of thisestimator and some other existing estimators. The results of both simulationstudy and real‐life application show that the proposed estimator outperformsother competing estimator.
73 citations
TL;DR: The exploit of xylanases of Aspergillus niger L3 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 produced through valorization of corn‐cob are investigated, to synthesize silver‐gold alloy nanoparticles (Ag‐AuNPs), which displayed outstanding anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities using human blood.
Abstract: The search for biocompatible nanoparticles with vast applicability has impacted on exploration of various biomaterials for the synthesis of mono and bimetallic nanoparticles. Xylanase is widely regarded as an industrially important enzyme but its potentials in nanotechnological applications are yet to be fully explored. The current study investigates the exploit of xylanases of Aspergillus niger L3 (NE) and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 (TE) produced through valorization of corn-cob, to synthesize silver-gold alloy nanoparticles (Ag-AuNPs). Characterization of the Ag-AuNPs involved UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while their prospective use as antimicrobial, antioxidant, catalytic, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic agents were studied. The biosynthesized Ag-AuNPs were ruby red and light purple with surface plasmon resonance at 520 and 534 nm for NEAg-AuNPs and TEAg-AuNPs, respectively; while FTIR showed that protein molecules capped and stabilized the nanoparticles. The Ag-AuNPs were anisotropic with spherical, oval, and irregular shapes having sizes ranging from 6.98 to 52.51 nm. The nanoparticles appreciably inhibited the growth of tested clinical bacteria (23.40-90.70%) and fungi (70.10-89.05%), and also scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (48.51-53.79%) and hydrogen peroxide (80.5-95.50%). Furthermore, the Ag-AuNPs degraded malachite green (91.39%) and methylene blue (47.10%). Moreover, the Ag-AuNPs displayed outstanding anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities using human blood. This study further emphasizes the significance of xylanases in nanobiotechnology as it has established the potential of xylanases to synthesize Ag-AuNPs, which is being reported for the first time.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural and morphological features of both pure ZnO nanorod and CdS/ZnO heterostructures were carefully characterized using various techniques including UV/Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX and EIS.
71 citations
TL;DR: The suitability of ALBP for effective removal of Rh–B dye from aqueous solutions is established and the cost analysis provides a simple proof that ALBP is approximately six times cheaper than Commercial Activated Carbon, CAC.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface chemistry of Lemongrass leaf based activated carbon (LGLAC) was prepared using physico-chemical methods for methyl red (MR) dye removal from aqueous solutions.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microwave heating time (0, 10, 30 and 60) on the physicochemical and functional properties of Bambara groundnut starch was investigated, and it was shown that short microwaving times (≤60) were sufficient to cause significant improvement in the pasting and thermal properties.
Abstract: Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea) are a good source of starch that may be potentially used for various industrial applications. The effect of microwave heating time (0, 10, 30 and 60 s) on the physicochemical and functional properties of Bambara groundnut starch was investigated. Native and microwaved Bambara groundnut showed the A-type crystallinity pattern. However, there was a decrease in the relative crystallinity of the starch after microwaving. Microscopically, the native starch granules were smooth but had pinholes after microwaving. Microwaving resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cold paste viscosity, pasting temperature and set back ratio. The swelling power of Bambara groundnut starch similarly decreased with increasing microwaving time. Microwave heating led to a shift in the gelatinization range to higher temperatures. However, the enthalpy of gelatinization decreased after microwaving. Short microwaving times (≤60 s) were sufficient to cause significant improvement in the pasting and thermal properties of Bambara groundnut starch. Microwaved Bambara groundnut starch with reduced swelling can be potentially used in food products that do not require high swelling such as noodles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of Congo red dye on walnut shell powder based activated carbon in batch process (WNAA) was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and pH point of zero charge (pHpzc).
Abstract: This study investigates the adsorption of Congo red dye on walnut shell powder based activated carbon in batch process (WNAA). Walnut shell powder was carbonized by treating with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and the adsorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) respectively. Operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration and pH were investigated using batch-adsorption techniques. The adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial dye concentration and contact time. The optimum CR dye uptake was observed at pH 3.12 corresponding to 94.53% removal. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and Intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to test the adsorption data. The pseudo-second order exhibited the best fit out of the four kinetic models used. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tem...
01 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used avocado fruit peel aqueous extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (PAAuNPs), and bimetallic alloy nanoparticles.
Abstract: While several green biomolecules have been used to synthesize functional and biologically compatible nanoparticles, little attention has been paid to Persea americana (PA) (avocado) fruit extract as a potential reducing agent. This study used avocado fruit peel aqueous extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PAAgNPs), gold nanoparticles (PAAuNPs) and bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (PAAg–AuNPs). The particles were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction among others. The particles were assessed for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The UV–vis spectroscopy showed PAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs with surface plasmon resonance at 455.5, 538 and 540.5 nm, respectively. The significant FTIR peaks: PAAgNPs (3358 cm−1), PAAuNPs (3503 cm−1) and PAAg–AuNPs (3651 cm−1) pointed to protein as both capping and stabilizing agents for the synthesized nanoparticles. Generally, the particles were spherical, with size range of 18–80 nm for PAAgNPs, 16–71 nm for PAAuNPs and 44–55 nm for PAAg–AuNPs. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed silver, gold and silver/gold as conspicuous metals in PAAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs colloids, respectively. SAED showed ring-shaped patterns for the particles. The nanoparticles effectively inhibited growth of tested bacteria (11–94%) for PAAgNPs, (10–77%) for PAAuNPs and (20–85%) for PAAg–AuNPs. The effectiveness of the biosynthesized nanoparticles can be placed as PAAg–AuNPs > PAAgNPs > PAAuNPs. The fungal inhibition performances are 33–76%, 50–82% and 27–88% for PAAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs, respectively, while DPPH-scavenging activities were 57.82–63.25%, 15.28–54.50% and 53.05–54.26%, which were dose dependent at the tested concentrations of 20–100 µg/ml with good antioxidant activities compared to standard BHA (41.46–84.57%) and ascorbic acid (43.56–91.10%). The bleaching inhibition assay of ABTS showed activities of 56.15–85.43% (PAAgNPs), 34.67–50.93% (PAAuNPs) and 45.31–94.01% (PAAg–AuNPs). The lower concentrations of EC50 were obtained in nanoparticles (24.45–58.33 µg/ml) compared with the standards (38.42–69.04 µg/ml), indicating that the nanoparticles could suffice as good agents in drug consignment. This study has demonstrated the potential of P. americana fruit peel aqueous extracts to synthesize AgNPs, AuNPs and Ag–AuNPs for antimicrobial and antioxidant applications. The current work, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to use avocado peel extract to synthesis nanoparticles.
TL;DR: Results in this study have shown AgNPs as excellent immobilizing agents and outstanding modulators of heavy metal induced toxicities.
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of bean husk, an agricultural waste, as a promising adsorbent for sequestering ibuprofen from aqueous solution was investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, the dangers associated with reuse of agro-industrial and domestic wastewater, precautions required as well as possible preventive/reduction measures are presented, which will no doubt serve as a tool for policy makers and environmentalists in enlightenment and awareness campaigns in educating most rural dwellers who are ignorant of these dangers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy of acid activated coconut husk (CHA) for the removal of rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated.
Abstract: This study investigates the efficacy of acid activated coconut husk (CHA) for the removal of rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The CHA prepared was characterized using various techniques: SEM, FTIR EDX, Boehm titration and pHpzc, respectively. The effects of different operational parameters including initial concentration, contact time and solution temperatures were examined. Kinetic data for Rh-B dye adsorption onto CHA fitted best to pseudo-second-order kinetic model considering the correlation regression (R2) and the sum of squares of error values. Adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm was the most fitted among all the models used with maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 1666.67 mg g−1 and the highest regression value of 0.99 indicating that CHA has greater affinity for Rh-B dye adsorption due to increased pore development via acid activation. Thermodynamic studies revealed an endothermic adsorption process with the ΔH0 value of 62.77 kJ mol−1. Spontaneity was ascertained based on the negative values of ΔGo (ranging from − 26.38 kJ mol−1 to − 20.93 kJ mol−1). The positive value of ΔS0 (0.276 kJ mol−1 K−1) suggests increased randomness that exists between CHA and Rh-B dye. Cost analysis results revealed that CHA is six times cheaper than commercial activated carbon (CAC), providing a savings of 217 US$ kg−1. CHA adsorbent was found to be suitable for Rh-B dye removal from aqueous solution.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the use of some beneficial rhizobacteria as a possible alternative to chemicals and found that the C1501 strain showed the most promising results for good herbicidal activity.
Abstract: Agricultural production in many emerging economies suffer losses owing to the challenges posed by weeds. Owing to cost, ecological, environmental and other human health safety issues regarding the use and application of chemicals as a control option against invasive weeds, there has been a renewed focus to explore alternative and safer methods such as biotechnology. In this study, we explored the use of some beneficial rhizobacteria as a possible alternative to chemicals. The impact of the newly characterized strains of rhizobacteria (acting as a bioherbicide), was investigated to ascertain whether they had any impact on the soil health — and here its effect on the soil organic carbon content, soil respiration, and enzymatic activities were investigated. Several bioactive metabolites extracted from the rhizobacteria were further screened (via leaf necrosis assays, under laboratory and screen house), for their selective efficacy against a range of test plants, of which the C1501 strain showed the most promising results for good herbicidal activity. In this study, the active compound is identified by combined spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR techniques) as a 2-(hydroxymethyl) phenol. The C1501 strain were also shown to significantly decrease the dry-weight of A. hybridus seedlings. However, there was no noticeable or adverse effect observed in sorghum seedlings. A low adverse effect on soil was also shown after day 70 of the experiment, where the 2-(hydroxymethyl) phenol treated soil had the highest release of CO2 (867.50 mg CO2 kg−1 soil hr − 1 ) when compared to the glyphosate treated soil (96.73 mg CO2 kg−1 soil hr − 1 ). Similarly, the enzymatic activities and the soil carbon content were significantly higher in the 2-(hydroxymethyl) phenol treated soil when compared to the control. The C1501 strain was found to have an eco-friendly profile; was cheap and could be used as a good alternative product to chemical herbicides. This strain could thus serve as a good candidate bioherbicide for the control of the A. hybridus weed and possibly be considered for use in a large scale production system, which would be beneficial for a sustainable organic agricultural setting that improves yield and enhances food security.
TL;DR: Subchronic administration of ketamine to adolescent rats was associated with dose-related memory loss, oxidative stress and possibly caspase-3 mediated neurodegenerative changes.
TL;DR: While it is known that the human brain endures diverse insults in the process of ageing, food-based nootropics are likely to go a long way in mitigating the impacts of these insults.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Age-related cognitive decline has been suggested to result from an increase in the brain neuron loss, which is attributable to continued derangement of the brain's oxidant/ antioxidant balance. Increased oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in the brain's antioxidant defense system have been associated with functional senescence and organismal ageing. However, nature has configured certain foods to be rich sources of nootropic agents, with research showing that increased consumption of such foods or food ingredients may be protective against ageing-related memory decline. This knowledge is becoming increasingly valuable in an era when the boundary that separates food from medicine is becoming blurred. In this review, we examine extant literature dealing with the impact of ageing on brain structure and function, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress. Secondly, we review the benefits of food-based antioxidants with nootropic effects and/or food-based nootropic agents in mitigating memory decline; with a view to improving our understanding of likely mechanisms. We also highlight some of the limitations to the use of food-based nootropics and suggest ways in which they can be better employed in the clinical management of age-related cognitive decline. CONCLUSION While it is known that the human brain endures diverse insults in the process of ageing, food-based nootropics are likely to go a long way in mitigating the impacts of these insults. Further research is needed before we reach a point where food-based nootropics are routinely prescribed.
TL;DR: Assessment of the protective efficacy of epicatechin with regards to altered oxidative and inflammatory parameters subsequent to CYP treatment in rats suggests that EC can attenuate the toxic effects induced by CYP exposure.
TL;DR: It is suggested that possible interactions that may occur between dietary constituents and MSG are determinants of the effects of food-added MSG in mice.
TL;DR: The positive influence of AgNPs are shown on C. olitorius by strengthening its resistance against fungi, and nematodes, improvement of its shelf-life, modulation of antioxidant activities and promotion of liver-detoxifying potentials.
TL;DR: The absence of the pfhrp2 gene may be responsible for the seven RDT false negative cases observed and more studies in larger population and seasonally defined cases will be needed to determine the extent of pfHRp2/3 genes deletion in different geographical areas of Nigeria.
TL;DR: A case-control study in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria showed a high prevalence of tinea capitis caused by the identified dermatophytes in the area, and playing with animals, the sharing of combs and not bathing with soap were significantly associated with T. capitis infection.
Abstract: Tinea capitis is a fungi infection of the scalp that disproportionately affects children in rural and underserved communities in Nigeria. A case-control study was conducted to identify the causative agents and factors that predispose school pupils to tinea capitis in two selected government-owned public primary schools in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 230 participants were included in the study: 115 cases and 115 controls. Head scrapings were collected from pupils with suspected T. capitis lesions, viewed under Potassium Hydroxide smear microscopy and cultured in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) for characteristic fungal elements. A total of 105 (91%) samples were successfully cultured, of which 56% (59/105) were from male pupils. Tricophyton rubrum (34%), Tricophyton mentagrophyte (31%) and Microsporum canis (18%) were the most prevalent organisms. Other dermatophytes obtained include Microsporum nanuum (3%), Epidermophyton floccusum (6%), Tricophyton verucosum (1%), and Microsporum gypseum (8%). Pupils between the ages of 4 and 7 years had the highest distribution (67%) followed by those between the ages of 8 and 11 years (39%). Playing with animals, the sharing of combs and not bathing with soap were significantly associated with tinea capitis infection (P < 0.05) in each case. This study showed a high prevalence of tinea capitis caused by the identified dermatophytes in the area.
TL;DR: In this paper, the photocatalytic potential of biosynthesized palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) for the degradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated.
Abstract: This paper investigated the photocatalytic potential of biosynthesized palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) for the degradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE). A green route synthesis of Pd NPs was carried out using Ananas comosus leaf extract (ACLE) as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized Pd NPs was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The HRTEM image revealed that Pd NPs were well dispersed with particle size range of 1.71–16.14 nm and average particle size of 4.46 ± 2.44 nm. The XRD revealed four distinct peaks at 40.26°, 47.11°, 67.56°, and 78.09° which correspond to (111), (200), (222) and (311) planes, respectively, that can be indexed to face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of Pd NPs. Films of LDPE and its Pd NPs modified form were exposed to solar light in open air at ambient condition for increasing times of up to 30 days. The degradation of LDPE and nanocomposite LDPE films (LDPE@Pd NPs) was determined in terms of photo-induced weight loss, TEM, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thus, LDPE films with 1.0% Pd NPs showed degradation of around 49% under solar light irradiation over a short period of 30 days. The study therefore suggested the development of eco-friendly degradable plastic by utilizing the photocatalytic potential of Pd NPs, and to also serve as a possible means of addressing the growing agitations of plastic pollution in marine environment.
19 Mar 2019
TL;DR: Results of this study showed that both plants are rich in phytochemicals and possess antioxidant potential and might act as prophylactic and remedy for different diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, obesity, etc.
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of Azadirachta indica and Parquetina nigrescens leaves.
Study Design: This study was made to fit a one way Analysis of Variance.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in Premedical Science Department, Educational Advancement Centre, Ibadan and Pharmaceutical Laboratory of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria between January and June, 2018.
Methodology: Both plants were harvested from the botanical garden, University of Ibadan. The qualitative and quantitative analyses as well as antioxidant potential of both plants were investigated.
Results: The result of the qualitative analysis showed that both plants contained variety of phytochemicals. The quantitative analyses showed that these phytochemicals were present in different concentrations. The concentration of phytate and total phenolics were significantly higher in A. indica when compared with those of P. nigrescens respectively at P<0.05. It was also observed that A. indica had lower concentrations in alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids and tannin when compared with those of P. nigrescens respectively. Also tested were antioxidants (ascorbic acid, DPPH and FRAP). The concentration of ascorbic acid was significantly higher in A. indica when compared with that of P. nigrescens at P<0.05. α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential of A. indica and P. nigrescens was investigated respectively at different concentrations with A. indica having the higher radical scavenging potential. The scavenging potential of DPPH was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extracts.
Conclusion: Result of this study showed that both plants are rich in phytochemicals and possess antioxidant potential. Hence, they might act as prophylactic and remedy for different diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, obesity, etc. Parquetina nigrescens might be more potent than Azadirachta indica in acting as a remedy for different diseases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the efficiency of Garcinia kola leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles synthesis and proved that green synthesis of nanoparticles without the use of harmful solvent that are offensive to the environment is achievable.
Abstract: The need to devise another method of synthesizing nanoparticles from sources that are eco-friendly, non-hazardous and cost effectiveness is of great importance in preventing environmental and health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Garcinia kola leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles synthesis. The leaves of Garcinia kola obtained were authenticated, air dried, pulverized and extracted. The extract was mixed with aqueous solution of silver nitrate solution to form silver nanoparticles and were characterized using Ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial investigation of the synthesized silver nanoparticle was carried out following the disk diffusion method. UV analysis revealed the silver surface plasmon band at 425.18 nm, The FTIR indicated -OH, -C=C- and alkane as the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of the silver nanoparticle formed. The morphological assessment from SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that the silver nanoparticle formed are spherical in shape with an average particle size of 28.80nm.The EDX analysis ascertained that the silver surface plasmon resonance at 2.8–3.2 keV was confirmed the reduction of silver ion (Ag+ to Ag0). The XRD study revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles synthesized. The antibacterial investigation showed high inhibition against the growth of tested bacteria. This study ascertained that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle without the use of harmful solvent that are offensive to the environment is achievable.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial activity and Garcinia kola.
TL;DR: To investigate the burden and health service events surrounding severe maternal outcomes (SMO) related to life‐threatening postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in Nigerian public tertiary hospitals, a large number of patients are referred to private clinics.
TL;DR: This present study virtually screened the MCULE database containing almost 36 million compounds against the structure of a Zaire Ebola viral protein (VP) 35 and a consensus scoring of both MCULE and CLCDDW docking programs remarked five compounds as potential hits, with compound A appearing to be the most promising hit compound.
Abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) is a lethal human pathogen with a risk of global spread of its zoonotic infections, and Ebolavirus Zaire specifically has the highest fatality rate amongst other species. There i...