Showing papers by "Nicholls State University published in 2015"

Young stellar objects in the gould belt

Abstract: We present the full catalog of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) identified in the 18 molecular clouds surveyed by the Spitzer Space Telescope "cores to disks" (c2d) and "Gould Belt" (GB) Legacy surveys. Using standard techniques developed by the c2d project, we identify 3239 candidate YSOs in the 18 clouds, 2966 of which survive visual inspection and form our final catalog of YSOs in the Gould Belt. We compile extinction corrected SEDs for all 2966 YSOs and calculate and tabulate the infrared spectral index, bolometric luminosity, and bolometric temperature for each object. We find that 326 (11%), 210 (7%), 1248 (42%), and 1182 (40%) are classified as Class 0+I, Flat-spectrum, Class II, and Class III, respectively, and show that the Class III sample suffers from an overall contamination rate by background AGB stars between 25% and 90%. Adopting standard assumptions, we derive durations of 0.40-0.78 Myr for Class 0+I YSOs and 0.26-0.50 Myr for Flat-spectrum YSOs, where the ranges encompass uncertainties in the adopted assumptions. Including information from (sub)millimeter wavelengths, one-third of the Class 0+I sample is classified as Class 0, leading to durations of 0.13-0.26 Myr (Class 0) and 0.27-0.52 Myr (Class I). We revisit infrared color-color diagrams used in the literature to classify YSOs and propose minor revisions to classification boundaries in these diagrams. Finally, we show that the bolometric temperature is a poor discriminator between Class II and Class III YSOs.

The Synthesis of Cyclic Poly(ethylene imine) and Exact Linear Analogues: An Evaluation of Gene Delivery Comparing Polymer Architectures.

Abstract: The delivery of genetic material to cells offers the potential to treat many genetic diseases. Cationic polymers, specifically poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), are promising gene delivery vectors due to their inherent ability to condense genetic material and successfully affect its transfection. However, PEI and many other cationic polymers also exhibit high cytotoxicity. To systematically study the effect of polymer architecture on gene delivery efficiency and cell cytotoxicity, a set of cyclic PEIs were prepared for the first time and compared to a set of linear PEIs of the exact same molecular weight. Subsequent in vitro transfection studies determined a higher transfection efficiency for each cyclic PEI sample when compared to its linear PEI analogue in addition to reduced toxicity relative to the branched PEI “gold standard” control. These results highlight the critical role that the architecture of PEI can play in both optimizing transfection and reducing cell toxicity.

Young Stellar Objects in the Gould Belt

Abstract: We present the full catalog of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) identified in the 18 molecular clouds surveyed by the Spitzer Space Telescope "cores to disks" (c2d) and "Gould Belt" (GB) Legacy surveys. Using standard techniques developed by the c2d project, we identify 3239 candidate YSOs in the 18 clouds, 2966 of which survive visual inspection and form our final catalog of YSOs in the Gould Belt. We compile extinction corrected SEDs for all 2966 YSOs and calculate and tabulate the infrared spectral index, bolometric luminosity, and bolometric temperature for each object. We find that 326 (11%), 210 (7%), 1248 (42%), and 1182 (40%) are classified as Class 0+I, Flat-spectrum, Class II, and Class III, respectively, and show that the Class III sample suffers from an overall contamination rate by background AGB stars between 25% and 90%. Adopting standard assumptions, we derive durations of 0.40-0.78 Myr for Class 0+I YSOs and 0.26-0.50 Myr for Flat-spectrum YSOs, where the ranges encompass uncertainties in the adopted assumptions. Including information from (sub)millimeter wavelengths, one-third of the Class 0+I sample is classified as Class 0, leading to durations of 0.13-0.26 Myr (Class 0) and 0.27-0.52 Myr (Class I). We revisit infrared color-color diagrams used in the literature to classify YSOs and propose minor revisions to classification boundaries in these diagrams. Finally, we show that the bolometric temperature is a poor discriminator between Class II and Class III YSOs.

THE SPITZER c2d SURVEY OF LARGE, NEARBY, INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS. XII. THE PERSEUS YSO POPULATION AS OBSERVED WITH IRAC AND MIPS

Abstract: The Spitzer Space Telescope mapped the Perseus molecular cloud complex with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and the Multi-Band Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) as part of the c2d Spitzer Legacy project. This paper combines the observations from both instruments giving an overview of low-mass star formation across Perseus from 3.6 to 70 μm. We provide an updated list of young stellar objects (YSOs) with new classifications and source fluxes from previous works, identifying 369 YSOs in Perseus with the Spitzer data set. By synthesizing the IRAC and MIPS maps of Perseus and building on the work of previous papers in this series, we present a current census of star formation across the cloud and within smaller regions. Sixty-seven percent of the YSOs are associated with the young clusters NGC 1333 and IC 348. The majority of the star formation activity in Perseus occurs in the regions around the clusters to the eastern and western ends of the cloud complex. The middle of the cloud is nearly empty of YSOs despite containing regions of high visual extinction. The western half of Perseus contains three-quarters of the total number of embedded YSOs (Class 0+I and Flat spectral energy distribution sources) in the cloud and nearly as many embedded YSOs as Class II and III sources. Class II and III objects greatly outnumber Class 0+I objects in eastern Perseus and IC 348. These results are consistent with previous age estimates for the clusters. Across the cloud, 56% of YSOs and 91% of the Class 0+I and Flat sources are in areas where A 5 mag, indicating a possible extinction threshold for star formation.

Cadmium inhibits molting of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense by reducing the hemolymph ecdysteroid content and the activities of chitinase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in the epidermis

Abstract: Molting is an essential process during the growth of crustaceans, which is coordinated by ecdysteroids secreted by the Y-organ, molting inhibiting hormone secreted by the X-organ sinus-gland complex, as well as chitinase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase synthesized by the epidermis. Cadmium is one of the toxic metals in the aquatic environment. However, the endocrine effects of cadmium on the molting of freshwater crabs and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To investigate these, freshwater crabs (Sinopotamon henanense) were acutely exposed to 0, 7.25, 14.5 and 29 mg/l Cd for 3, 4, 5 days or in some experiments for 4 days after eyestalk-ablation. The concentration of hemolymph ecdysone and the activities of the molting enzymes chitinase and NAG were measured. Histological changes in the epidermal tissues were documented. Our results showed that eyestalk ablation increased the ecdysteroid content as well as the activities of chitinase and NAG, which were inhibited by cadmium in a concentration-dependent manner; histological examinations demonstrated that eyestalk ablation produced storage particles in the epidermal tissues, which was also reduced by cadmium in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data suggest that cadmium disrupts endocrine function through inhibiting the secretion of ecdysteroids by the Y-organ and altering with the regulation of chitinase and NAG activity in the epidermis. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the molting inhibition effect of cadmium on the crabs.

Best-value supply chains and firms’ competitive performance: empirical studies of their linkage

Abstract: Purpose – Best-value supply chains characterized by agility, adaptability, and alignment, have become a crucial strategic means for firms to create and sustain competitive advantage in today’s turbulent environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate linkage between best-value supply chains and firms’ competitive performance. Design/methodology/approach – In Study 1, survey data from 76 firms is used to test the impact of the three qualities of best-value supply chains on firms’ competitive performance. In Study 2, to test if a firm’s competitive advantage can be sustained through building best-value supply chains, a long-run performance analysis is conducted, which is based on a stock portfolio of firms identified from the American Marketing Association’s annual list of “Supply Chain Top 25.” Findings – The results of Study 1 indicate that the three qualities of best-value supply chains are positively related to firms’ competitive performance. The results of Study 2 show that firms having best-v...

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Benthic Respiration and Net Nutrient Fluxes in the Atchafalaya River Delta Estuary

Abstract: Benthic respiration and nutrient flux rates were quantified during four distinct periods (spring peak in river discharge, summer period of offshore hypoxia, autumn period after breakdown of offshore hypoxia, and the non-hypoxic winter period) over an annual cycle in the Atchafalaya River Delta Estuary (ARDE). The overall mean benthic respiration rate for the ARDE was 12.9 mmol O2 m−2 day−1 with the highest and lowest rates occurring in summer and winter (22.1 and 5.4 mmol O2 m−2 day−1), respectively, and surprisingly little variance in relation to distance offshore of the deltas. Bottom water temperature explained 94 % of the variance in the natural log of benthic respiration. The mean annual fluxes for ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), phosphate, and silicate were from the sediments to the water column (0.91, 0.44, 0.03, and 1.04 mmol m−2 day−1, respectively), but nitrate had a mean annual flux (−0.90 mmol N m−2 day−1) from the water column into the sediments. Net nitrate fluxes were greatest in summer, were generally higher at delta than at offshore sites, and were most strongly correlated with benthic respiration. Net NH4 + fluxes from the sediments to the overlying water column were greater at offshore sites than at delta sites resulting in the delta and offshore sites behaving as net dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) sinks and sources, respectively. The results from this study suggest that benthic processes in the ARDE greatly alter bottom water oxygen availability as well as the size and form of nutrient fluxes exported to the northern Gulf of Mexico.

A Novel Bioinspired Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm for Designing Wireless Sensor Networks in the Internet of Things

Abstract: The design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT) faces many new challenges that must be addressed through an optimization of multiple design objectives. Therefore, multiobjective optimization is an important research topic in this field. In this paper, we develop a new efficient multiobjective optimization algorithm based on the chaotic ant swarm (CAS). Unlike the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, CAS takes advantage of both the chaotic behavior of a single ant and the self-organization behavior of the ant colony. We first describe the CAS and its nonlinear dynamic model and then extend it to a multiobjective optimizer. Specifically, we first adopt the concepts of “nondominated sorting” and “crowding distance” to allow the algorithm to obtain the true or near optimum. Next, we redefine the rule of “neighbor” selection for each individual (ant) to enable the algorithm to converge and to distribute the solutions evenly. Also, we collect the current best individuals within each generation and employ the “archive-based” approach to expedite the convergence of the algorithm. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms two leading algorithms on most well-known test instances in terms of Generational Distance, Error Ratio, and Spacing.

What Drives Consumers to Click on Social Media Ads? The Roles of Content, Media, and Individual Factors

Abstract: Social media has become an ever-expanding realm as more and more consumers are spending tremendous amount of time on it. Businesses are taking advantage of this channel to promote their products and services through social media advertising. In particular, display ads have a prominent presence accompanying social media feeds. This study aims to develop an understanding of the multi-faceted factors that drive consumers to respond to social media advertising. The roles of content, media, and individual factors are examined. A research model is developed and tested using data collected from an online-survey of 613 social media users. Our results show compelling evidence that the effectiveness of display ads on social media is driven by ad content, ad-media congruity, and consumers' individual factors. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Game theoretic resource allocation for multicell D2D communications with incomplete information

Abstract: Resource allocation plays a critical role in implementing D2D communications underlaying a cellular network. Game-based approaches are recently proposed to address the resource allocation issue. Most existing approaches employ deterministic game models while implicitly assuming that each player in the game is completely willing to exchange transmission parameters with other players. Thus each player knows the complete information of all others. However, this assumption may not be satisfied in practice. For example, users may be reluctant to disclose all their parameters to peers. In this paper, we fully consider this scenario, i.e., players have incomplete information of others, and investigate the resource allocation problem for multicell D2D communications where a D2D link utilizes common resources of multiple cells. To attack this problem, a game-theoretic approach under the incomplete information condition is proposed. Specifically, we characterize the Base Stations (BSs) as players competing for resource allocation quota from the D2D demand, formulate the utility of each player as payoff from both cellular and D2D communications leasing the resources, and design the strategy for each player that is determined based on prior probabilistic payoff information of other players. We conduct extensive simulations to examine the proposed approach and the results demonstrate that the utility, sum rate, and sum rate gain of each player under the incomplete information condition are surprisingly higher than the counterparts under the complete information condition.

Stimulatory effect of thyroid hormones improves larval development and reproductive performance in alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

Abstract: Development of alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) larvae was evaluated after exposure of embryos to thyroid hormones (TH) by two different methods of administration. For the first method, alligator gar embryos were placed in a water bath with triiodothyronine (T 3 ; 1 ppm for 2 h), and control treatment embryos were placed in a water bath without T 3 . For the second method, spotted gar adult males and females were injected with different TH during induced spawning: a group was injected with T 3 [20 mg kg !1 body weight (BW)], a second group with thyroxine (T 4 ; 20 mg kg !1 BW), a third group with thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH; 4 IU kg !1 BW) and a control group with dimethyl sulfoxide. Both methods resulted in increases in the concentrations of T 3 and T 4 in embryos of both species. An increase in the alkaline enzymatic activity of TH-treated larvae was observed as well as an increase in the RNA:DNA, RNA:Dry weight and DNA:Dry weight ratios at hatching. Some positive effects of TH application were: a significant increase in the hatching rate of spotted gar larvae from TH-injected parents and a higher percentage of successful spawns. Evenness of larval sizes and a higher survival rate were observed in alligator gar larvae. Snout development was accelerated by TH treatment in both species.

Performance‐Based Logistics and Interfirm Team Processes: An Empirical Investigation

Abstract: Practitioners are using performance-based logistics (PBL) strategies to reduce cost and improve value in industries such as defense, transportation, manufacturing, and healthcare. PBL is part of a group of increasingly popular buyer–supplier strategies that focuses on outcomes as oppose to the delivery of products or services. A key tenet of PBL is the use of innovation to create cost avoidance that benefits buyers and suppliers. In this research, we explore the interfirm team-level factors associated with innovation in successful PBL strategies. This research brings together business, organizational behavior, and engineering literature to study PBL team success. The study entailed interviews with 17 managers involved in large scale PBL projects. The interviews and follow-on member checking sessions resulted in a model composed of eight emergent categories and associated propositions. Both practical and theoretical implications are provided.

Effects of environmental hypoxia on population characteristics of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana

Abstract: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) physical and chemical characteristics are associated with floodplain inundation and rising water temperatures, resulting in extensive areas of the ARB that experience hypoxia (dissolved oxygen [DO] ≤2.0 mg/L) for several weeks to months throughout the annual flood pulse. Although red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii can tolerate relatively low DO concentrations, effects of chronic hypoxic exposure on wild populations have not been extensively studied. Here we compare population characteristics of P. clarkii from normoxic and chronically hypoxic locations in the southeastern ARB that were sampled semi-monthly during the 2008 and 2009 crayfish harvest periods. Carapace length and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of P. clarkii from normoxic and hypoxic locations were similar prior to hypoxia development during both sample years. Hypoxia developed when mean water temperature reached 20°C, and diurnal DO concentrations at hypoxic locations remained below 2.0 mg/L on every sample date during the period of environmental hypoxia. During this period in both sample years, P. clarkii at hypoxic locations had a significantly smaller mean carapace length and mean CPUE was lower on every sample date.

The Influence of Comparative Advertising on Consumer Ethnocentrism in the American Automobile Market

Abstract: This study explores the ability of comparative advertising featuring foreign and domestic automobile brands to influence consumer ethnocentric reactions as the advertisement is being processed. Consumer ethnocentrism is inherently comparative (e.g., American automobiles versus those imported from Japan), so lack of published research testing this influence on consumer decision making is surprising. Two major findings resulted: (1) theoretically, Shimp and Sharma’s (1987) CETSCALE can be modeled as one component of a Hierarchy-of-Effects dependent vector score using MANOVA, and (2) practically, advertising where a foreign sponsor names a domestic brand can result in an ethnocentric stimulus significantly influencing automobile brand Purchase Intentions.

Pressing the Play Button: What Drives the Intention to Play Social Mobile Games?

Abstract: Due to the penetration of the Internet, social mobile games have become one of the most popular entertaining virtual activities and hence, created a new market for online social networking. In this project, the authors examine the factors that drive consumers' intentions to play social mobile games and spread positive word-of-mouth about the games. Expanding the Uses and Gratifications Theory, a research model is developed to test six factors, including perceived entertainment, social interaction, pass time, game popularity, usability, and trust. The research model was tested with 387 responses from online participants using SmartPLS. The results revealed that four factors-perceived entertainment, game popularity, usability and trust-significantly influenced both intentions to play social mobile games and spread positive word-of-mouth. Social interaction was found to influence intention to spread word-of-mouth only. Practical implications and theoretical contributions of the study findings are discussed in the context of social mobile networking.

Online Communities of Practice: A Story of Principal–Teacher Interaction in Two Middle Schools

Abstract: This mixed-method study examined the ways that principals and teachers coparticipated in discipline-focused online communities of practice designed to foster instructional improvement in two middle schools. Findings derived from interviews and content analysis of the online discussion threads revealed the emergence of a shared language about learning between principals and teachers, as well as how the scaffolding of knowledge development among those teachers was supported. Principal participation allowed teachers to gain insights about their principals’ priorities, values, and beliefs about learning and was found to influence the quality of teacher-developed instructional units and teaching efficacy. Participative and directive leadership styles were represented by the principals, and their influence on the communication process and performance outcomes is discussed.

A source-location privacy protection strategy via pseudo normal distribution-based phantom routing in WSNs

Abstract: Toward resolving the source-location privacy protection issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a Pseudo Normal Distribution-based Phantom Routing (PNDBPR) protocol is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol is composed of two critical phases: 1) adjusting the value of minimum-hops between a phantom node and its source, and varying the area of the phantom node distribution region at the network deployment stage; 2) generating a set of Gaussian-distributed random real numbers using the Pseudo Random Generator when the source node is transmitting data packets, and calculating the corresponding random walk hops. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that PNDBPR can dramatically improve the diversity and the dynamicity of the phantom nodes distribution at the expense of a slight increase in communication overheads when compared with the existing PUSBRF (Source Location Privacy Preservation Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network Using Source Based Restricted Flooding) and HBDRW(A hop-based directed random walk) protocols.

The Evolution of My Rapport: One Professor's Journey to Building Successful Instructor/Student Relationships.

Abstract: Instructors often struggle to find the right balance of sternness and leniency with their students, especially in the beginning stages of their careers An instructor who is too casual risks being overrun by students who do not take him or her seriously The professor who is too strict might inadvertently thwart students’ creativity and stifle their potential success The following commentary reflects my own journey to a balanced rapport with students in a university classroom setting Over several years, my interactions with students have gone from overly formal to embarrassingly casual before finally settling somewhere in between My experiences serve to help both novice as well as experienced educators hone their rapport with students to create an enriching classroom environment Various studies have shown gains in student learning due to quality instructor/student relationships and the present commentary aims to aid instructors in finding a balanced and meaningful rapport with their students In my en

Synthesis of 10-Ethyl Flavin: A Multistep Synthesis Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment for Upper-Division Undergraduate Students

Abstract: A multistep synthesis of 10-ethyl flavin was developed as an organic chemistry laboratory experiment for upper-division undergraduate students. Students synthesize 10-ethyl flavin as a bright yellow solid via a five-step sequence. The experiment introduces students to various hands-on experimental organic synthetic techniques, such as column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), extraction techniques, and characterizing intermediates and final products by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It also provides an opportunity for students to review important topics such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, hydrolysis of amides, condensation reactions, and reduction of aromatic nitro groups to amines.

Portfolio investment outflow and the complementary role of direct investment

Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to uncover potential contemporaneous relationship between foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and another popular type of cross-border investment outflow, namely, foreign direct investment (FDI). Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between FPI and FDI are modeled using simultaneous equations approach to take potential endogeneity in to account. In a panel of 45 countries over the period of 2001-2009, FPI and FDI are found to be strategically complimentary to each other. Findings – The two-stage least square estimates suggest existence of both statistically and economically significant relationship between these two types of outflows. In particular, the FDI outflow has empirically significant predictive power in explaining the FPI outflow. Similarly, the FPI outflow also has significant explanatory power for the observed level of FDI outflow. Second, the FPI has greater explanatory power for FDI outflow than the FDI for the FPI outflow. Originality/value – The authors be...

Does Course Delivery Method Impact Performance in Subsequent Courses? Evidence from a Financial Management Course

Abstract: This study seeks to examine whether the mode of presentation for a foundational course affects student academic performance in a higher level course. In other words, do students retain more knowledge when a course is presented in the traditional lecture format or via online delivery? The course investigated was financial management, which serves as a prerequisite for several other courses in a business curriculum. Students from a medium sized state university (student population 6,500) with an AACSB accredited College of Business self-selected the online or lecture format. The presentation of the prerequisite did not have an impact on a student’s grade in a capstone business course. However, it was found that students in the web version of financial management performed better (i.e., earned higher grades) in upper level finance courses than those students enrolled in the lecture version of the prerequisite.

Learner-instructor similarity: a social attribution approach to learning

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test a model in which instructor’s attributes (i.e. personality, age) are specified as social stimuli. Drawing on a constructivist view of learning (Palincsar, 1998) and similarity-attraction paradigm (Byrne, 1971), the authors hypothesize that instructor’s attributes influence learners’ reactions and dictate key attributions for learning: instructor’s competence and goodwill. The authors place these attributions as antecedents of learning results. Design/methodology/approach – In a quasi-experimental design, undergraduate business students (n=133) participated in a training program of managerial skills over a three-week period. Regression and path analyses were utilized in testing the hypothesized model. Findings – Results provide partial support to the hypothesized model and suggest that learning is a social event wherein learners’ attributions play a key role. Results also indicate that learner-instructor similarity in personality is an important antecedent of ...

A behavioral anomaly detection strategy based on time series process portraits for desktop virtualization systems

Abstract: As the application of desktop virtualization systems (DVSs) continues to gain momentums, the security issue of DVSs becomes increasingly critical and is extensively studied. Unfortunately, the majority of current researches on DVSs only focuses on the virtual machines (VMs) on the servers, and overlooks to a large extent the security issue of the clients. In addition, traditional security techniques are not completely suitable for the DVSs' particularly thin client environment. Towards finding a solution to these problems, we propose a novel behavioral anomaly detection method for DVS clients by creating and using process portraits. Based on the correlations between users, virtualized desktop processes (VDPs), and VMs in DVSs, this proposed method describes the process behaviors of clients by the CPU utilization rates of VMs located on the server, constructs process portraits for VDPs by hidden Markov models and by considering the user profiles, and detects anomalies of VDPs by contrasting VDPs' behaviors against the constructed process portraits. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and successful.

Hybrid Scheduling for Quality of Service Guarantee in Software Defined Networks to Support Multimedia Cloud Services

Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid scheduling scheme to combine the priority queueing and Packet General Processor Sharing (PGPS) algorithm for Multimedia Cloud Services in Software Defined Network (SDN). The network calculus theory is employed to develop modeling and analysis techniques for evaluating the QoS performance of the proposed scheduling scheme. Both analytical and numerical results obtained in this paper show that the proposed scheme can provide QoS guarantee for meeting diverse requirements of multimedia applications.

A Distributed Game-Theoretic Power Control Mechanism for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Cellular Network

Abstract: Although the Device-to-Device (D2D) technology has been extensively studied as an effective means to address the spectrum scarcity and to relieve the overload of base stations in cellular systems, the interference between D2D links and cellular links emerges as an challenging issue that must be dealt with. Among many other techniques to reduce the interference, transmitter power control plays a crucial role. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic model to acquire the compensatory power of D2D link transmitters underlaying the cellular network. This model considers not only interference between cellular links and D2D links but the interference among D2D links themselves as well. Also, it allows the compensatory power for a D2D link to be decided based on the need of this D2D link, leading to a reasonable acquisition/configuration of compensatory powers of all D2D links and an overall improvement of the communication quality. Finally, we developed a distributed compensatory power control mechanism to compute the compensatory power for each D2D link. Simulation results demonstrate the validness and rationality of this mechanism.