North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology

About: North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology is a education organization based out in Itanagar, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Raman spectroscopy. The organization has 813 authors who have published 1429 publications receiving 16122 citations.

Uncertainty Analysis of Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Linked EPANET-GA Method

Abstract: The hydraulic analysis of water distribution network is generally done by the conventional method. The obtained results such as pipe discharges, hydraulic gradient level of nodes, nodal concentrations etc., are normally crisp values assuming crisp input parameters. But, in real networks, there are many uncertainties in nodal demands, roughness, length, diameters of pipes, valve operations, water levels in reservoirs, head-discharge characteristics of pumps, etc. The results obtained by the conventional method may not be satisfactory in practice. Hence, in this study, an attempt is made to consider pipe roughness as uncertain parameter and to evaluate the pipe discharges and nodal hydraulic gradient levels accordingly. The Genetic Algorithm Optimization based methodology has been used to obtain the unknown parameters at each α-cut level. The hydraulic simulations are done by using EPANET 2 in MATLAB environment. The maximum and minimum values of pipe discharges and nodal hydraulic gradient levels are obtained in each simulation run. The results show that the required time to run the simulation is same for all networks irrespective of the size after adopting a particular Genetic Algorithm parameters tuning. The obtained results are compared with past studies and it is found that present method is effective in analyzing the uncertainty problem, particularly for large scale networks. The results of pipe discharges are found to vary at 30, 48.3, 58 and 9 % and of the hydraulic heads at nodes at 3.17 m, 4.3 m, 2.2 m and 12.64 m for the selected problems taken from the literature. This study would help to analyze the pipe network under the conditions of uncertainty in input parameters.

Influence of climate on incidences of malaria in the Thar Desert, northwest India

Abstract: Climatic variability and rise in temperature are considered as the key determinants to the transmission of malaria. In the present study, the trends in the cases of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were investigated by using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test after removing the effect of significant lag-1 serial correlation from the time series of cases of malaria incidence by pre-whitening in annual, seasonal, and monthly time scales at Bikaner, located in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, in northwest India. Multi-collinearity within the datasets under consideration was investigated by means of correlation matrix, the Bartlett sphericity test, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, subsequent to which it was removed by using principal component analysis. Finally, artificial neural network models were employed to predict cases of malaria incidence caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax at various scales. During the last 34 years from 1975 to 2008, P. falciparum malaria incidence cases have been found to increase significantly corresponding to monthly (April and September) and seasonal (monsoon) time scales over Bikaner. On the other hand, no significant trends were observed in P. vivax malaria cases at Bikaner. Concomitant increases in P. falciparum cases of malaria incidence and observed temperature increases at Bikaner hint that P. falciparum malaria may have grown significantly under the warming climate of the Thar Desert. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society

Synthesis, characterization and anti-diabetic assay of diorganotin(IV) azo-carboxylates: crystal structure and topological studies of azo-dicarboxylic acid ligand and its cyclic tetranuclear dimethyltin(IV) complex

Abstract: Diorganotin(IV) complexes with (E)-5-((2-carboxyphenyl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxy benzoic acid [H3L] were synthesized by reacting the sodium salt of the azo-dicarboxylic acid ligand [Na2HL] with an appropriate diorganotin(IV) dichloride [R = 1 (Me), 2 (Bu) and 3 (Ph)] in anhydrous methanol. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. 119Sn NMR study of complexes 1 and 2 indicates the presence of exo-and endo-cyclic tin atoms in the complexes and both the tin atoms are suggested to have 5-coordinate geometry in solution; in complex 3, a single 119Sn-resonance was observed in the range specified for a 4-coordinate structure. The molecular structure of H3L and its dimethyltin(IV) complex {[Me2SnHLSnMe2]O}2 (1) were determined using X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 reveals that the compound is a centro-symmetric cyclic tetranuclear tin complex which contains a Sn2O4 core. In the structure, the central Sn2O2 ring is connected to two exo-cyclic tin atoms by two μ3-oxo oxygen atoms. Each exo- and endo-cyclic tin atom exhibited a five coordinate distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry and suggested that the five coordinate structure of the complex in the solid state is also retained in solution. Topological studies of the azo-dicarboxylic acid ligand [H3L] and its cyclic tetranuclear dimethyltin(IV) complex were also carried out. The H-bonding network in H3L has been topologically classified as 2-periodic three-dimensional KIa. For the molecular packing in 1, a multilevel topological description is provided. Finally, the complexes have been screened for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay as an indicator for their anti-diabetic properties and the results of the tests showed that they had better anti-diabetic activity than the standard drug acarbose.

Consumer engagement in village eco-tourism: A case of the cleanest village in Asia – Mawlynnong

Abstract: This study examines the unique role of local community–consumer/customer engagement in influencing consumer/customer satisfaction (reflected in terms of economic activity) and future behavioural in...